The characteristics of skilful The characteristics of skilful movementmovement

Key processes in physical Key processes in physical educationeducation

Developing skills in physical activity.Developing skills in physical activity.

Making and applying decisions.Making and applying decisions.

Developing physical and mental Developing physical and mental capacity.capacity.

Evaluating and improving.Evaluating and improving.

Making informed choices about Making informed choices about healthy, active lifestyles.healthy, active lifestyles.

Evaluating and ImprovingEvaluating and Improving

Being able to judge the quality and Being able to judge the quality and effectiveness of performance.effectiveness of performance.

Make informed decisions on improving the Make informed decisions on improving the quality and effectiveness of performance.quality and effectiveness of performance.

Develop action plans to improve the Develop action plans to improve the quality and effectiveness of performance.quality and effectiveness of performance.

Plan for sustained involvement in physical Plan for sustained involvement in physical activity.activity.

skillskill

Performing a specific task.Performing a specific task.

The quality of a particular actionThe quality of a particular action

skillskill

A skilled movement is one in which a A skilled movement is one in which a predetermined objective is predetermined objective is accomplished with maximum accomplished with maximum efficiency and a minimum outlay of efficiency and a minimum outlay of energy.energy.

skillskill

We use skilful to describe a task such We use skilful to describe a task such as kicking a ball and are describing as kicking a ball and are describing the overall actions of someone who the overall actions of someone who is good at what they do.is good at what they do.

Skill develops with experience and Skill develops with experience and repetitive practicerepetitive practice

Characteristics of skilful movementCharacteristics of skilful movement

Co-ordinated controlledLooksgood

Seemseffortless

Goodtechnique

efficient

fluentaesthetic

consistent

Skill performed Skill performed consistentlyconsistentlyEffortless and naturalEffortless and naturalSkill performed quickly Skill performed quickly and efficiently with and efficiently with little wasted energylittle wasted energyFluentFluentCan refine and adapt Can refine and adapt to meet precise to meet precise situationssituationsAesthetically pleasingAesthetically pleasing

Skill performance is Skill performance is ‘hit or miss’‘hit or miss’Lack of controlLack of controlA lot of effort put in to A lot of effort put in to produce often less produce often less effective performanceeffective performanceNovice becomes tired Novice becomes tired more quicklymore quicklyClumsy and slowClumsy and slowNot able to adapt Not able to adapt when necessarywhen necessary

Skilled performer Novice or beginner

Skill is usually a combination ofSkill is usually a combination of

Motor skills

Perceptual skills Cognitive skills

Motor skillsMotor skills

GrossGross

E.g. throwingE.g. throwing

FineFine

Perceptual skillsPerceptual skillsA complex concept that involves A complex concept that involves interpretation of stimuli. interpretation of stimuli. Sports players have to assess the Sports players have to assess the position of their team mates and position of their team mates and opposition and decide where to pass opposition and decide where to pass the ball and how hard to pass it.the ball and how hard to pass it.This interpretation of info is called This interpretation of info is called perception and the skill required is perception and the skill required is called perceptual skillcalled perceptual skill

Cognitive skillsCognitive skills

These are skills that involve the These are skills that involve the intellectual ability of the performer.intellectual ability of the performer.

These skills affect the perceptual These skills affect the perceptual process and help us to make sense of process and help us to make sense of a given situation.a given situation.

They are essential if the performer is They are essential if the performer is to make correct and effective to make correct and effective decisionsdecisions

Are skilful people born with their Are skilful people born with their skills, or do they learn them?skills, or do they learn them?

The answer is probably a mixture of The answer is probably a mixture of both.both.

We all have abilities that are thought We all have abilities that are thought to be predetermined genetically and to be predetermined genetically and these influence our potentialthese influence our potential

But skills can be acquired and But skills can be acquired and improvedimproved

Sports related skills won’t necessarily be Sports related skills won’t necessarily be ready-programmed in people’s minds.ready-programmed in people’s minds.

However, if we are given a good grasp of However, if we are given a good grasp of fundamental motor skills when young, fundamental motor skills when young, these will underpin the learning of more these will underpin the learning of more complex skills as we grow older.complex skills as we grow older.

We will be able to identify common actions We will be able to identify common actions and then transfer these between skills and and then transfer these between skills and activities.activities.

e.g. throwinge.g. throwing

Performance and outcome goalsPerformance and outcome goals

Goal setting is widely used to Goal setting is widely used to motivate people to exercise and motivate people to exercise and follow a healthy lifestyle.follow a healthy lifestyle.In sport, goal setting is a useful In sport, goal setting is a useful strategy for training and strategy for training and performance.performance.Goal setting is a proven way of Goal setting is a proven way of increasing motivation, increasing increasing motivation, increasing confidence and controlling anxietyconfidence and controlling anxiety

Performance goalsPerformance goalsThese are directly These are directly related to the related to the performance or performance or technique of the technique of the activity, e.g. to activity, e.g. to improve passing or improve passing or shooting shooting techniquestechniques

They tend to be They tend to be short termshort term

Outcome goalsOutcome goalsThese are concerned These are concerned with the end result – with the end result – whether you win or whether you win or lose, for instance.lose, for instance.

An outcome goal in An outcome goal in football might be to football might be to win an individual win an individual game or a tournamentgame or a tournament

Tend to be medium to Tend to be medium to long termlong term

Goals can affect performance in a Goals can affect performance in a number of ways:number of ways:

They focus your attention and They focus your attention and concentrationconcentrationThey direct your efforts in a They direct your efforts in a particular wayparticular wayThey increase the amount of effortThey increase the amount of effortThey are motivating to the They are motivating to the performer, who often wants to performer, who often wants to develop a variety of strategies to be develop a variety of strategies to be successfulsuccessful