THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELOR IN EDUCATIONAL REFORM AND THE USE OF DATA TO EFFECT CHANGE...
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Transcript of THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELOR IN EDUCATIONAL REFORM AND THE USE OF DATA TO EFFECT CHANGE...
THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE SCHOOL COUNSELOR IN EDUCATIONAL
REFORM AND THE USE OF DATA TO EFFECT CHANGE FOR STUDENTS
- T R I S H H AT C H
Hatch, T. (2011)
Hatching Results, LLCPresents…
Hatch, T. (2008)
2ASCA
The American School Counselor Associationhas collaborated to create a
National Model® for School Counseling Programs to connect school counseling with current
educational reform movements that emphasize student achievement and
success.
Rationale
Hatch, T. (2008)
3
By aligning a counseling program with the school’s mission and school improvement plan, professional school counselors:
• partner as leaders in systemic change
• ensure equity and access
• promote academic, career and personal/ social development for every student
Hatch, T. (2009)
5
What others are saying…
Finding One: Most students, even those who successfully complete college, give their high school guidance counselors fair or poor ratings http://www.publicagenda.org/files/pdf/can-i-get-a-little-advice-here_0.pdf
Hatch, T. (2011)
6
What Superintendents Say:
“We have consistently been impressed with the dedication and hard work of virtually all of the individuals
with whom we have been involved. And yet, we are concerned
that a great deal of energy, enthusiasm and resources
are being expended in ineffective ways.”
- http://www.usc.edu/dept/chepa/pdf/makinggrade.pdf
Hatch, T. (2008)
7
No Child Left Behind: Four Key Principles:
Stronger accountability for resultsGreater flexibility and local control in the
use of federal fundsEnhance parental choice for parents of
children from disadvantaged backgroundsA focus on what works, emphasizing
teaching methods that have been demonstrated to be effective
Hatch, T. (2008)
8
Greatest Political Challenges in Education
Racial and Socio-economic Achievement Gaps
High Drop Out RatePoor High School Performance and Lack of
Improvement.
Hatch, T. (2008)
9
Nine Essential Elements Collected
1. ID # 2. Enrollment data 3. State test data 4. Data on untested students
5. Course completion information6. SAT, ACT and AP results7. Graduation and Drop out rates 8. Audit to ensure accuracy of data
9. Linking K-12 to higher Ed to show how graduates perform in college
National Center for Educational Accountability
The Obama Plan
Attendance School ClimateAchievement
College and Career Readiness
Hatch, T. (2008)
10
New Obama Plan
“The administration would replace the law’s pass-fail school grading system with one that would measure individual students’ academic growth and judge schools based not on test scores alone but also on indicators like pupil attendance, graduation rates and learning.”
“with a new national target: that all students should graduate from high school prepared for college and a career.” http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/education/14child.html?emc=eta1
Hatch, T. (2008)
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Students Graduating College Eligible by Ethnicity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Filipino Latino African American Caucasian
JBHigh
H High
V High
State
XYZ Unified School District
Hatch, T. (2008)
Percentage of Students Taking SAT 1 by Ethnicity
White Latino AfrAmer Asian/Pacific Is-lander
0
20
40
60
2009 2010 Asian/Pacific Islander students take the SATs at a much higher rate than any other ethnic group.
Latino students have the lowest average for taking the SATs in this two year span, but their rate is increasing.
Rates of African American students taking the SATs is decreasing.
XYZUSD & State CHKS Data Comparison
Feelings of Safety Gang Membership Carried a Weapon0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
XYZUSD 7thCA 7thXYZUD 9thCA 9thXYZ USD 11thCA 11th
Violence Related Behaviors
Hatch, T. (2008)
17
Paradigm Shift
From:
To:
Not only monitoring process and measuring services deliveredFocusing also on and measuring the results of our programs and services
Hatch, T. (2008)
“What do counselors do?”
“How are students different because
of the school counseling program?”
Hatch, T. (2008)
19
From Entitlement… to Performance
From a program that:Focuses generally on
the number of activities
Measures the amount of effort
Attends to the process of doing work
Works to maintain the existing system
To a program that:Focuses on outcomes
and improved results
Measures impact related to goals
Attends to goals, objectives, and outcomes
Changes and adapts to be more responsive
Source: McGowen, P. & Miller, J., “Changing the Entitlement Culture,” The American School Board Journal, August 1999, p.43
Hatch, T. (2008)
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From Entitlement… to Performance
From counselors who:Focus on good
intentions
Talk about how hard they work
Generally feel little need to change their behavior or approach
To counselors who:Focus on
accomplishments
Talk about effectiveness
Know their future rests on accomplishments
Communicate goals and objectives
Source: McGowen, P. & Miller, J., “Changing the Entitlement Culture,” The American School Board Journal, August 1999, p.43
Hatch, T. (2008)
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Implications
What is the purpose of the school counseling program?
What are the desired outcomes or results?What is being done to achieve results?What evidence is there that the objectives
have been met?Is the program making a difference?
Hatch, T. (2008)
22
The time for change is NOW…
The way we do business
must change
fundamentally and immediately.
Logic Model of Success
Hatch, T. (2009)
CONTEXT
PoliticalClimate
Leadership Team Buy-in
BeliefsAssumptionsPhilosophies
MECHANISM
ASCA Model Training
Protocols(Job Descriptions)
Explicit Common
Language
OUTCOMES
Short
Medium
Long Term
*Adapted from Leslie Oliver
Hatch, T. (2008)
24
New & Necessary Challenges…
1. The types of data that can be collected (achievement, achievement related and competency and standards related data)
2. The difference between process, perception outcome (results) data and data over time
3. How to align Action Plans and evaluation tools to the school counseling program
Hatch, T. (2008)
25
New & Necessary Challenges…
4. How to use data and leadership skills to effect change (Closing the Gap) Intentional guidance activities
5. How to report results of your program
6. Advocacy tools for staff and school board presentations
Hatch, T. (2008)
26
Use of Data to Effect Change
Data DRIVES decisionsEnsures EVERY students gets benefit of the
school counseling programCounselor initiated activities
Intentional Guidance (Closing the Gap) Underrepresented, underserved and under performing
youthMonitoring student data
Hatch, T. (2008)
27Multiple Uses of Data
Creates urgency for changeServes as a catalyst for focused
attentionChallenges existing policiesEngages decision makers, district
leaders, school teams in data driven decision making
Surfaces evidence of access or equity issues
Focuses resources where they are most needed
Supports grant writing efforts
Hatch, T. (2008)
28Monitoring Student Progress
Counselors must be proficient in:
Collection of data Interpretation of data Analysis of data
So that they can Recognize barriers to learning Advocate for systems change
Data has multiple intentional and diagnostic uses, and can be categorized differently
Hatch, T. (2008)
29
We Exist To Effect Change In Students:
Acquire (ASK) Improve
Attitude
Skills
Knowledge
Attendance
Behavior
Academic Achievement
Hatch, T. (2008)
30Student-Achievement Data
Standardized test dataGrade Point AveragesSAT and ACT scoresBenchmark exams (Math, reading) Drop-out rateCompletion of college prep requirements
Hatch, T. (2008)
31Achievement-Related Data
Course enrollment patternsDiscipline referralsSuspension ratesAlcohol, tobacco and other drug violationsAttendance ratesHomework completion rates Parent involvementExtracurricular activities
Hatch, T. (2008)
32
Standards and Competency-Related Data
Percentage of students who demonstrate: Knowledge of college requirements Knowledge of conflict resolution
skillsSkill to set goalsBelief in the importance of
attendance
Attaining Student Competencies
Increase in Student Achievement Related Data
Increase in Student Achievement Data
Hatch, T. (2008)
Hatch, T. (2008)
34
Ensuring all students have knowledge, attitudes and skills to
develop 4 year plans
Increase number of students enrolled in college prep courses
Increase number of students who complete college prep requirements
Hatch, T. (2008)
35
Ensuring all students understand study skills
Increase number of students who turn in homework
Increase GPA or credits earned
Hatch, T. (2008)
36Disaggregate Data
GenderEthnicitySocio-economic statusLanguage Special EducationGrade levelTeacher
Hatch, T. (2008)
38Process data
“What you did for whom” Evidence that event occurredHow activity was conductedDid the program follow the prescribed
practice? W, W, W, W, etc. “I”
Hatch, T. (2008)
39Process Data – Examples
Three counseling groups with 8 students each were held on anger management (grades 3-5)
1,350 middle school students received a series of three “violence prevention” guidance lessons
All high school seniors were taught how to fill out a college application
Hatch, T. (2008)
40
Perception Data
“What others think, know or demonstrate” data.
Measures competency achieved (skills) , knowledge gained or attitudes (beliefs) of students Pre-post Competency achievement Surveys Evaluations
Measures what students are perceived to have gained in knowledge
Hatch, T. (2008)
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Perception Data – Examples
Attitudes or Beliefs 74%of students believe fighting is wrong 29% of students feel safe at school 32% believe they will succeed in college
Competency Achievement (Skills) Every student in grades 9-12 completed a 4 year plan Every 10th grade student completed an interest inventory
Knowledge Gained 89% of students demonstrate knowledge of promotion/
retention criteria 92% can identify Early Warning Signs of violence
Hatch, T. (2008)
42
Results Data
“So WHAT” data Shows how student BEHAVIOR has
changed.
Proof your program has (or has not) positively impacted students ability to utilize the knowledge, attitudes and skills to effect behavior in areas of:
Achievement Related DataAchievement Data
Hatch, T. (2010)
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Results Data – Examples
Achievement Related: Discipline referrals down by 20%Attendance improved by 32% Homework completion rates increased from
60%-79% Achievement 25% reduction in D’s and F’s from Q1 to Q314% increase students graduating college
eligible5% increase in Math benchmark scores
Hatch, T. (2008)
45
Nine Things to remember…
Standards/Competency (what you are teaching)
Achievement related (leads to achievement)Achievement data (big ticket items)
Process – What “I” did - # lessons, groups etc.Perception – (ASK) What students “believe
(attitude), demonstrate or know” as a result of activity
Results – So What? Change? A,B,A
Immediate – today – right nowIntermediate - quarter to quarterData Over time – year to year
Hatching Results Conceptual Diagram
Guidance LessonsGroup Counseling
Who?What?When?Where?How Long?
Competency Attainment Data
Achievement Related Data
Achievement Data
Process Data Perception Data Results Data
Attitudes
Skills
Knowledge Beh
avi
or
Ch
an
ge
AttendanceDiscipline referralsParent InvolvementHomework completionCourse enrollment patterns
SAT/ACT ScoresGraduation ratesGPAAP TestsCollege prep class completion
© Hatch, T. (2006)
Guidance Curriculum
Intentional Guidance (intervention)
Bullying
85% of students identified “reporting
to an adult”
Pre
Post
“What is one positive strategy to use in when confronted with a bully?”
37% of students identified
“reporting to an adult” 37
85
0
1020
3040
5060
708090
100
Pre
Post
Hatch, T. (2008)
Statistics on Mutual Combat
18% decrease in number of suspensions for mutual combat from 201o – 2011
2009 20100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 84
69
Suspensions for Mutual Combat
Hatch, T. (2008)
Attendance Data
Students attended school more regularly when enrolled in group counseling, but afterwards, they fell back into old patterns – more support needed.
Q1 Q2 Q30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
72
85
7069
88
68
Group A
Group B
Hatch, T. (2008)
Group Counseling
17% increase in number of classes passed by participants for duration of group
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
57
74
Before Group
During Group
Pre-Post Test Results
0102030405060708090
100
Can Organize aBinder
Identify MissingItems in a Planner
PreTestPost Test
More work needed here
Hatch, T. (2008)
Question: “I believe meeting College prep requirements is important.”
This is a 186% increase!
Hatch, T. (2008)
Percentage of Students who knew the Number of English Credits needed to Graduate from High
School
Increase of 114%
Hatch, T. (2008)
Post High School Enrollment
2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-20090
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
20
25 25 25
30 30
35
40
0
5
10 10
4-Year
2-Year
Vocational
Hatching Results Conceptual Diagram
Guidance LessonsGroup Counseling
Who?What?When?Where?How Long?
Competency Attainment Data
Achievement Related Data
Achievement Data
Process Data Perception Data Results Data
Attitudes
Skills
Knowledge Beh
avi
or
Ch
an
ge
AttendanceDiscipline referralsParent InvolvementHomework completionCourse enrollment patterns
SAT/ACT ScoresGraduation ratesGPAAP TestsCollege prep class completion
Hatch, T (2006)
Guidance Curriculum
Intentional Guidance (intervention)
Tier 2: Intentional Guidance
“The intentional guidance philosophy is some kids need more.”
Disaggregating data can reveal areas of need and barriers to learning:
AttendanceBehavior
Achievement Dimmitt, Carey, & Hatch (2007)
Hatch, T. (2008)
59
Action Plans - 2 Types
Planned Classroom Guidance Curriculum structured standards-based developmental lessons designed to teach standards and competencies provides EVERY student the knowledge, attitudes
and skills in the three domain areas (A, C, P/S)Intentional Guidance (Intervention) Activities
data driven – who is struggling? Where are your gaps?
What intervention is needed to address needs in attendance, behavior, achievement?
What interventions are needed to address equity and access issues?
Hatch, T. (2008)
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Action Plans - 2 Types
Planned Guidance Classroom Curriculum
Every student, by virtue of BREATHING
Intentional Guidance Activities (Intervention)
Some kids need MORE
Perception Data (ASK)
Reports what a student believes (attitude), knows or can demonstrate (skills)
Measures ASKAttitudesSkillsKnowledge
Hatch, T (2006)
BehaviorChange
Hatch, T. (2008)
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What to measure (ASK)
What do you want me to know that I didn’t know before,
What do you want me to believe that I did not believe before
What do you want me to demonstrate that I did not demonstrate before?
Hatch, T. (2008)
68
What type of question?
“I believe” is an Attitude so use a scale
Knowledge is either correct or incorrect, not a scale; T/F or M/C?
Application/Demonstration = Skill
Intentional
Intent: suggests clearer formulation or greater deliberateness
Intention: what one has in mind to do or bring about (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intentional)
Intentional: deliberate: done on purpose, not by accident (http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861621725/intentional.html)
Hatch, T. (2008)
69
Intentional Guidance aligns with
ASCA National Model Evidence Based PracticePyramid of Interventions
Research on Dropout Prevention
Hatch, T. (2008)
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On the Front Lines…
Dropping out begins in Elementary School
Schools need to develop early warning systems to help them identify students at risk of dropping out and to develop the mechanisms that trigger appropriate supports for these students.
By 9th grade, dropout can be predicted with 85 percent accuracy. The key indicators are poor attendance, behavioral problems, and course failure.
-John M. Bridgeland, John J. DiIulio, Jr. and Robert Balfanz (page 8)
Hatch, T. (2008)
75
Pyramid of
Interventions
RtI
Pyramid of
Interventions
RtI
Tier 1: Performance Based Instruction
for ALL Students
Tier 2: Targeted Interventions
SOME Students
Tier 3: Intensive Interventions FEW Students
Tier 4:Specially Designed
Instruction – Special Education
Smith, G (2008)
Classroom Guidance Curriculum
All kids get this CORE Curriculum for
ALL
Intentional GuidanceIndividual, group, etc.
(SOME kids need more)
Individual Support
FEW
Refer Out
VERY FEWSchool
Counseling
Pyramid
School Counseling
Pyramid
Tier 4:
Specially Designed Instruction –
Special Education
Tier 3: Intensive
Interventions FEW Students
Tier 2: Targeted Interventions
SOME Students
Tier 1:
Performance Based Instruction for ALL
Students
Pyramid of Interventions
Pyramid of Interventions
Classroom Guidance Curriculum(All kids get this – CORE
Curriculum)ALL
Intentional GuidanceIndividual, group, etc.
(SOME kids need more)
Individual Support
FEW
Refer Out
VERY FEW
School Counseling
Pyramid
School Counseling
Pyramid
Outcome Measures
“For many school counseling interventions, there is not a direct link between the
intervention and the ultimate desired change in behavior and performance.”
Dimmitt, Carey, & Hatch (2007)
Outcome Measures
“Different measures are appropriate at different points in the causal chain
that links the intervention with the change in achievement.”
Dimmitt, Carey, & Hatch (2007)
Hatching Results Conceptual Diagram
Guidance LessonsGroup Counseling
Who?What?When?Where?How Long?
Competency Attainment Data
Achievement Related Data
Achievement Data
Process Data Perception Data Results Data
Attitudes
Skills
Knowledge Beh
avi
or
Ch
an
ge
AttendanceDiscipline referralsParent InvolvementHomework completionCourse enrollment patterns
SAT/ACT ScoresGraduation ratesGPAAP TestsCollege prep class completion
Hatch, T (2006)
Guidance Curriculum
Intentional Guidance (intervention)
Needs Assessment
School counselors work with many students who are struggling to succeed in school. Listed below are the most common reasons students tell us they fall behind. Please tell
us in order at least the top three reasons this might be true for you. Mark 1, 2, 3. ___ My attendance is poor ___ My behavior in class gets in my way. ___ I don’t care about school; I lack motivation ___ The work is too hard (I try, but its too hard) ___ The work is too hard (I have stopped trying) ___ I need better study skills or test taking strategies ___ My family or personal problems get in the way ___ Other: (please explain) _______________________________________
Hatch, T. (2008)
What intervention is needed?
What will be addressed (A, B, A)? How will you decide which students?
Random acts of guidance? Intention acts of guidance?
What mechanism will you use? What specific DATA CRITERIA will you use? Fishnet approach
Hatch, T. (2008)
89
“When an Archer misses the mark he turns and looks for the fault within himself.
Failure to hit the bull’s – eye is never the fault of the target.
To improve your aim - improve yourself.”
Gilbert Arland
Where will we get the time?
Data collection MUST be automatedOur day happens to US or do we happen to
our day? “Circus Circus buffet” of opportunitiesHow do we choose Prime Rib FIRST?Make it easy….simple… efficient.Put it on my DESKTOP (not in a drawer)
PREVENT…is a great example
Hatch, T. (2008)
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Hatch, T. (2008)
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Results Report
How are students different as a RESULT of what you do?
What does the data tell you?Was the program successful?What worked?What did NOT work? What needs to be changed?
Hatch, T. (2008)
93
Results are necessary for two reasons:
Program Improvement
What works? What does not work? How to we improve?
Marketing Legislation District stakeholders Policy makers
One doesn’t discover new lands
without consenting
to lose sight of the shore
for a very long time.
Andre Gide
The Neutral Zone
It’s not so much that we’re afraid of change or so in love with the old ways, but it’s that place in between that we fear
…………..
It’s like between trapezes,
It’s Linus when his blanket is in the dryer.
There’s nothing to hold on to.
Marilyn Ferguson, American futurist
Logic Model of Success
Hatch, T. (2009)
CONTEXT
PoliticalClimate
Leadership Team Buy-in
BeliefsAssumptionsPhilosophies
MECHANISM
ASCA Model Training
Protocols(Job Descriptions)
Explicit Common
Language
OUTCOMES
Short
Medium
Long Term
*Adapted from Leslie Oliver
What does it mean to be a professional?
Professional: conforming to the standards of skill, competence, or character normally expected of a properly qualified and experienced person in a work environment
Hatch, T. (2009)
99
AttitudesSkillsKnowledge
BehaviorChange
What does it mean to be a professional?
Highlight Areas of Confidence Circle Areas needed professional growth
Hatch, T. (2009)
100
AttitudesSkillsKnowledge
BehaviorChange
Hatching Results Conceptual Diagram
Professional School Counselor
Who?What?When?Where?How Long?
Competency Attainment Data Achievement
Related DataAchievement Data
Process Data Perception Data Results Data
Attitudes
Skills
KnowledgeB
eh
avi
or
Ch
an
ge
Hatch, T. (2010)
Hatch, T. (2008)
102
Management Systems are about TIME
How do you spend your time?How would you like to spend your time? Who or what controls your time? How can you find more time?
Management Systems
Hatch, T. (2008)
Student AssignmentCounselor of the DayAdditional Tasks/DutiesMaterials and SuppliesProfessional Collaboration Office OrganizationUse of TimeUse of Calendar
Counselor Availability
Hatch, T. (2008)
When is the school counseling department open for parents and students?
How will these hours be divided?The career center will be open from --- to ---?What programs and services are available to
parents and students (guidance newsletters, parenting classes, parent information night)?
What programs and services are presented to staff?
What Messages are School Counselors Sending?
Hatch, T. (2008)
Busy professional? Or always available? Appointments necessary Referral process in place Drop ins (as scheduled) White boards Monthly/Weekly Calendar
Are there activities we can COUNT on? What is consistent and predictable?
Hatch, T. (2008) 106
Use of Time Suggested Distribution of Total Counselor Time
DELIVERYSYSTEM
COMPONENT
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL% OF TIME
MIDDLE SCHOOL
% OF TIME
HIGHSCHOOL
% OF TIME
Guidance Curriculum 35-45% 25-35% 15-25%
Individual Planning 5-10% 15-25% 25-35%
Responsive Services 30-40% 30-40% 25-35%
System Support 10-15% 10-15% 15-20%
Hatch, T. (2008) 107
Curriculum
Ind. Planning
Responsive
System Supt.
Curriculum
Ind. Planning
Responsive
System Supt.
HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
ASCA SUG. PERCENTAGES CURRENT SCHOOL PERCENTAGES
DELIVERYSYSTEM
COMPONENT
HIGH SCHOOLLEVEL
% OF TIME
XYZ
HIGHSCHOOL
CURRENT % OF TIME
XYZ
HIGH% OF TIME
YOU AGREE TO
Guidance Curriculum 15-25%
Individual Planning 25-35%
Responsive Services 25-35%
System Support 15-20%
Use of Calendars
Hatch, T. (2008)
Annual Calendar Included on School Master Calendar
Monthly CalendarWeekly Calendar
“Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.”
James Baldwin
Challenges/Obstacles/Barriers(What gets in the way?)
Challenges/Obstacles/Barriers(What gets in the way?)
School Counselor Attitudes, Skills, Knowledge (ASK)
SiteDistrictBrainstorming Ideas: (What if we tried___?)Opportunities: (Let’s try ___) When?
What Stays? What Goes? What Gets Added?
ON PLATESTAYSUNSURETAKE OFF WHO WILL TAKE THIS ON?ADD TO PLATEWHEN?
It’s a TEAM Effort
How will Administrators and School Counselors work TOGETHER?
What are the next steps? How do we all get on the same page? What questions/concerns remain?
Hatch, T. (2009)
121
Results Report
How are students different as a RESULT of what you do?
What does the data tell you?Was the program successful?What worked?What did NOT work? What needs to be changed?
Hatch, T. (2008)
122
Results are necessary for two reasons:
Program Improvement
What works? What does not work? How to we improve?
Marketing Legislation District stakeholders Policy makers
Hatch, T. (2008)
124
The point is what you DO with results, not the excuses you make
to cover them.~Tom Williams, pg. 55 DWW
Hatch, T. (2008)
125
“We need to be the change we want to see happen.
We are the leaders we have been waiting for.”
– Gandhi
Final Thoughts
“All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first thousand days, nor in the life of this administration, nor even perhaps in our even perhaps in our lifetime on this
planet.
But let us begin.”
- John F. Kennedy
To contact me:
Hatch, T. (2008)
127
Trish Hatch, Ph.D. (619) 876-9538 or [email protected]
Hatching Results, LLC [email protected] PHONE (707)497-4395
FAX (707)786-9788
OFFICE ADDRESS HATCHING RESULTS, L.L.C.
P.O. BOX 1497 FERNDALE, CA 95536