THE CHALLENGES OF WEARABLE COMPUTING:PART 1 Thad Starner Georgia Institute of Technology IEEE Micro,...

THE CHALLENGES OF THE CHALLENGES OF WEARABLE COMPUTING:PART WEARABLE COMPUTING:PART

11

Thad Starner Thad Starner Georgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology

IEEE MicroIEEE Micro, July-Aug. 2001. , July-Aug. 2001.

WearablesWearables

WearablesWearables are generally equated with h are generally equated with head-up, wearable displays, one-handed ead-up, wearable displays, one-handed keyboards, custom computers worn in skeyboards, custom computers worn in satchels or belt packs.atchels or belt packs.

((Fig 1~4Fig 1~4))

OutlineOutline What is Wearable computing?What is Wearable computing?

Ideal attributesIdeal attributes Why use wearable computers?Why use wearable computers?

Mediate interactionsMediate interactions Aid communicationAid communication Provide context-sensitive remindersProvide context-sensitive reminders Augment realityAugment reality

ChallengesChallenges Power usePower use Heat dissipationHeat dissipation

SummerySummery

What is wearable What is wearable computing?computing?

RhodesRhodes provide portability during operation; enable hands-free or hands-limited use; can attract the user’s attention, even when not in active use;

can run continuously; and attempt to sense the user’s current context.

Kortuem et al. augmented reality “the user interface technique that allows focusing the user’

s attention and presenting information in an unobtrusive, context-dependent manner.”


Mann constant and always ready, unrestrictive, not monopolizing of user attention, observable and controllable by the user, attentive to the environment, useful as a communication tool, and personal.


1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline

Cyborg (cybernetic organism) a human and machine combination where the interface beco

mes a natural extension of the user. This interface would not require much conscious attention.

J.C.R. Licklider Man-Computer Symbiosis human brains and computing machines will be coupled toget

her very tightly and that the resulting partnership will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a way not approached by the information handling machines we know today.

Ideal attributesIdeal attributes Persist and provide constant access to information

services. Everyday and continuous use. Wearable can interact with the user at any given time. The user can access the wearable quickly and with little

effort.

Sense and model context. The wearable must observe and model the user’s

environment, physical and mental state. The user could provide explicit contextual cue to the

wearable. The user can identify misunderstanding and explicitly

tutor the wearable.

Ideal attributesIdeal attributes

Adapt interaction modalities based on the user’s context. The wearable should adapt its input and output modalities a

utomatically to those that are most appropriate and socially graceful at the time.

Augment and mediate interactions with the user’s environment. The wearables should provide universal information support i

n both the physical and virtual realms.





SummerySummery

Why use wearable Why use wearable computers?computers?

Some people wear too many computers. PDA, cellular phone, pager, laptop, electronic translator, and a

calculator. Mp3 player, audio digitizers, digital camera.

These devices all contain very similar components. Microprocessor, memory, screen, keyboard, battery, and in some

cases, a wireless modem. The main distinctions between these devices are the interface

and the application software.

Wearable computers could exploit the commonality in components to eliminate cost, weight and redundancy.

Energy-conserving CPU

Large data storage

LED

cameraearphone

Internet modem

--pages, cellular phone,

Web browser, E-mail reader

Mediate interactionsMediate interactions

Wearable computers will help provide a Wearable computers will help provide a consistent interface to computationally consistent interface to computationally augmented objects in the physical world.augmented objects in the physical world. Example—Gesture Pendant. (Example—Gesture Pendant. (Fig 5Fig 5)) One gesture could provide an intuitive One gesture could provide an intuitive

command for many devices.command for many devices.

Aid communicationAid communication

The wearable can also assist in The wearable can also assist in human-to-human communication.human-to-human communication.

Wearable computers can also help Wearable computers can also help manage interruption in the user’s manage interruption in the user’s daily life.daily life.

Provide context-sensitive Provide context-sensitive remindersreminders

Instead of simply acting as a virtual Instead of simply acting as a virtual secretary, the wearable could be secretary, the wearable could be proactive and intimate, listening to proactive and intimate, listening to the wearer’s conversations and the wearer’s conversations and providing reminders as appropriate.providing reminders as appropriate.

Augment realityAugment reality

Augmented reality overlays Augmented reality overlays information-rich virtual realities onto information-rich virtual realities onto the physical world.the physical world.

In a sense, augmented reality is a In a sense, augmented reality is a combination of the application combination of the application domains described previously.domains described previously.

jeans

informOverstock, discount

Size,information

Jeans!!

Money, address





SummerySummery

ChallengesChallenges

Power usePower use Heat dissipationHeat dissipation

Power usePower use

Power is perhaps the most limiting factor Power is perhaps the most limiting factor in mobile technology.in mobile technology.

Wearable computing presents particular Wearable computing presents particular variations of this problem.variations of this problem.

SolutionSolution Create long–lasting power suppliesCreate long–lasting power supplies

Plutonium-238Plutonium-238 Use primary chemical batteriesUse primary chemical batteries Secondary batteries (rechargeable)Secondary batteries (rechargeable)

Power usePower use Rechargeable batteries require that the user Rechargeable batteries require that the user

remember to maintain them.remember to maintain them. Ideally, recharging the wearable computer and its Ideally, recharging the wearable computer and its

peripherals should be implicitly coupled with the peripherals should be implicitly coupled with the normal acts of dressing.normal acts of dressing. Inductive chargerInductive charger

Some wearable peripherals could generate power Some wearable peripherals could generate power from human actions or from the phenomena they from human actions or from the phenomena they sense.sense. KeyboardKeyboard shoesshoes

Use same power source as the wearer—foodUse same power source as the wearer—food militarymilitary

Power usePower use

Scavenge power from the Scavenge power from the environment.environment. Solar powerSolar power Radio transmissionsRadio transmissions

Passive radio frequency identification Passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags(RFID) tags

Heat dissipationHeat dissipation

Heat dissipation is one of the foremost Heat dissipation is one of the foremost limiting factors in the design of high-end limiting factors in the design of high-end laptops, and providing heat dissipation is a laptops, and providing heat dissipation is a source of considerable expense.source of considerable expense. Make processors tolerate higher temperatures.Make processors tolerate higher temperatures. Make lower-power processors and componentsMake lower-power processors and components

Heat dissipationHeat dissipation Feasible for wearable computersFeasible for wearable computers

AirflowAirflow Close proximity to the human body to aid in Close proximity to the human body to aid in

cooling.cooling. Thermal reservoirsThermal reservoirs

Charging--chill batteriesCharging--chill batteries Operation--transfer heat into batteriesOperation--transfer heat into batteries

Phase-change materials provide an attractive Phase-change materials provide an attractive method to compensate for lack of cooling.method to compensate for lack of cooling.

Careful use of resources might help avoid Careful use of resources might help avoid many heat generation crises.many heat generation crises.

SummerySummery

This article develops goals and challenges for wearable computing, and promotes discussion in design techniques by suggesting methods, albeit sometimes fanciful, of addressing these challenges.

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