The Challenges of Introducing Green Infrastructure · The Challenges of Introducing Green...
Transcript of The Challenges of Introducing Green Infrastructure · The Challenges of Introducing Green...
The Challenges of Introducing
Green Infrastructure
Acknowledgments:
SA Water Corporation
Adelaide City Council
Mr Graeme Hopkins and Ms Christine Goodwin of Fifth Creek Studio
ANZ
Dr Fatemeh Kazemi and Dr Terry Lucke
Mostafa Razzaghmanesh, Hamideh Nouri, Tim Johnson
Tim Golding, Victor Vorel, Doug Colman, Wes Penney
School of Natural and Built Environments Centre for Water Management and Reuse
Simon Beecham, University of South Australia
CURRENT ARC GRANTS:
1. S. Beecham, L.R. White, J. Boland,
P. Howlett, Y. Stokes. Paving the
way: an experimental approach to
the mathematical modelling and
design of permeable pavements,
ARC Linkage Grant LP110100222
(2011-2014): $370,000
2. T. Lucke, S. Beecham. Optimising
permeable pavements with
underlying reservoirs to enhance
urban tree performance: ARC
Linkage Grant LP120200678 (2012-
2015): $150,000
3. J. van Leeuwen, D. Chittleborough,
S. Beecham, E. Bestland, J. Cox, M.
Drikas, C. Chow, R. Smernik. Impact
of natural organic matter and
nutrients on water quality:
identification of catchment sources
and attenuation processes, ARC
Linkage Grant LP110200208 (2011-
2014): $120,000
Grants and Publications
Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure systems and practices use or mimic
natural processes to infiltrate, evapotranspire, or reuse
rainfall and stormwater runoff on the site where it is
generated
Examples include:
Green roofs
Green walls
Bioretention systems Biofiltration swales
Bioretention basins
Rainwater gardens
Street trees with integrated storage systems
Social Establish urban greenways
Educate the public about their role in
stormwater management
Provide pedestrian and bicycle access
Economic • Reduce hard infrastructure construction costs • Maintain aging infrastructure • Reduce energy consumption and costs • Increase land values • Encourage economic development
Environmental • Improve air quality • Flood protection • Improve watershed health • Increase carbon sequestration • Drinking water source protection • Replenish groundwater • Urban heat island mitigation
Advantages of Green Infrastructure
(EPA, 2010)
Technical Barriers
Lack of understanding and knowledge of what is green infrastructure and its
benefits
Deficiency of data demonstrating benefits, costs, & performance
Insufficient technical knowledge and experience
Lack of design standards, best management practices, codes and ordinances that
facilitate the design, acceptance, and implementation of green infrastructure
Perceived doubling up of stormwater
infrastructure
Also significant :
Legal and Regulatory Barriers
Financial Barriers
Community and Institutional Barriers
(adapted from CWAA, 2011)
(adapted from Grima, J., 2012)
Community Attitudes
Green roofs in Adelaide
Water Quantity-Green Roof Hydrology
Stovin (2010)
P+I-E-Q-D±ΔS=0 P: Precipitation
E: Evapo-transpiration
Q: Runoff
D: Deep percolation
ΔS: Storage in the system
I: Irrigation
WSUD:
Source runoff control
Peak Runoff mitigation
Runoff peak time attenuation
Diffe
rence in
Runoff
peak
Lag time
Δt
Water Quality
Region Country Researcher Nutrients Cataions Anaions Heavy metals
Organic Matter
Europe
Sweden
Brendtsson et al. (2005)- (2008) Brendtsson (2010)
NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P,Tot-N, Tot- P
Cr, Fe, K, Mn,
Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn DOC
Emilson (2008) Runoff & storage
Germany Steusloff et al. (1998) Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn
Kohler et al. (2002) NO3, PO4 Pb, Cd
Estonia Teemusk & Mander (2007)
Tot-P, Tot-N, PO4, NO3, NH4
Ca, Mg So4 BOD, COD
North America
USA
Monterusso et al. (2004) No3-N, Tot-P
Hathaway et al. (2008) TKN, No3, No2, NH3,
Tot-N, Tot-P & OP
Bliss et al. (2009) P, Tot-N So4 Pb, Zn, Cd COD
Alsup et al. (2010) Cu, Fe,
Mn Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn,
Cd
Carpenter & Kaluvakolanu (2011)
No2, P, TSS
Gregoire & Clausen (2011) TKN, No3+No2, NH3-
N,Tot-P & PO4-P Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn
Canada Van seters et al. (2009) Tot-P, PAH Ca, Mg
Site 1- ANZ House
Location: rooftop on 22 storey ANZ House in
King William Street , Adelaide
Funded: jointly by the South Australian
Government's Building Innovation Fund and
Aspen Developments
Duration: 12 months
Site 1- ANZ House Roof Layout
• 2 Intensive (4.5m×3.0m)×300 mm
• 2 extensive (4.5m×3.0m)×100 mm
• and control roof (54 m2)
Asphalt Roof
Alu
min
ium
Roof
GR 1
GR 2
GR 3
GR 4
http://www.nearmap.com
ANZ House Green Roof Construction
Existing
Roof
Water
Proofing
Drainage
Layer
Geo- fabric or
root barrier
Adding
substrate to
trays
Substrate-
Zinco
systems
Irrigation
system
installation
Planting
Green Roof
1- Carpobrotus rossii
2- Lomandra longifolia 'Tanika'
3- Dianella caerula 'Breeze'
4- Myoporum parvifofium
ANZ Water Quality Monitoring
• Stormwater quantity and quality measurement
• Water quality (pH, Turbidity, EC, NO3, PO4, TDS, K, Cl , Heavy metals)
Site 2- Mawson Lakes Campus
∆p=1.5 mm
∆t=400 Min
Site 2- Water quantity studies
Site 2- Water Thermal Performance
Depth: 50 mm
ML experimental design layout
Mawson Lakes Experimental Installation
Conclusion
• It is important to develop a resilient green roof
model at both the micro and macro scale for the
city of Adelaide
• The ANZ House field site will assess the long-term
performance of four different green roof
configurations
• The MLK system will assess the long-term
performance of sixteen different green roof
configurations
• It also provides a useful demonstration site for
researchers, practitioners and the community