The Challenge of Maintaining gut health on the farm

10 Years Of Antibiotic Free Rearing

Derek Detzler Jefo Technical Services

Derek Detzler Chicken Farmer

A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

0.8 sq ft / bird 30.3 kg/m2

Density

2.20 kg @ 39 days

A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE

WHY DID WE CHANGE? Clostridium perfringens -95% resistant to bacitracin Veterinary Microbiology Volume 127, Issues 1-2, 5 February 2008 Coccidiosis Peek, 2010 Resistance to anticoccidial drugs Arabkhazaeli, 2013 Evaluating resistance of Eimeria Spp.

Gut health was changing -

IF YOU DON”T SEE IT…....

• Ross 308 performance objectives

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500

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Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10 Day 12 Day 14 Day 16 Day 18 Day 20 Day 22 Day 24 Day 26 Day 28 Day 30 Day 32 Day 34 Day 36 Day 38 Day 40 Day 42

2.00 kg 1.52

2.60 kg 1.64

3.00 kg 1.72

WE RECOGNIZED

>  Loss of efficacy to the antibiotics is impacting intestinal health

>  Few new molecules being registered >  Issues - coccidiosis and clostridium > Modern genetics required modern management

How do we address?

STRATEGY FOR FUTURE PRODUCTION

1.  Restore sensitivity to anticoccidials through cocci vaccination

2.  Refocused farm management to improve gut health 3.  Rest/replace/merge traditional AGP with efficacious

alternatives 4.  Nutrition to improve gut health in the absence of ab’s and

in the face of modern genetics

2004 – COCCIDIOSIS VACCINATION

1.7 1.8 1.9

2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4

SAP CV1 CV2 CV3 Clinacox SAP2

weight Feed conversion Start

NO RESTORATION POOR GUT HEALTH

1. Clean out 2. Wash out 3. Didn’t change management 4. Didn’t change nutrition

Why?

Did we really give it a fair chance?

COCCI VACCINE AN INDEPTH LOOK

COCCIDIOSIS RESISTANCE ON FARM

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30-

600,000 OPG

Ionophore

Ooc

ysts

per

gra

m

Day 11

Day 14

Day 17

Day 20

Day 23

Day 26

Day 29

Day 32

Day 35

Day 38

Day 41

40,000-80,000OPG

Chemical

0 42 7 14 21 28 35

Days of Age

49

Theoretical

Vaccine Shed

Pattern

Total OPG

COCCIDIOSIS CYCLING

0 42 7 14 21 28 35

Days of Age

49

Theore&cal*Vaccine*Shed*Pa1ern*

Actual*Shed*Pa1ern*

CONSISTENCY

FOCUSED COCCI VACCINE

! Our gut health indicators were improved

•  Feed conversion •  OPG counts •  Daily gain •  Fecal observations

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT 2006-2009

FARM MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE GUT HEALTH

The gut is a major site of potential exposure to pathogens

Gut microflora can influence the immune status

Immune status can be influenced by early feeding of the gut

0*

0.02*

0.04*

0.06*

0.08*

0.1*

0.12*

0.14*

0.16*

0.18*

0* 2* 4* 6* 8*

Gram

s&

Days&of&Age&

Fasted* Fed*

Kitchell and Dibner,1998

Lower bursa weight – lower proliferation of lymphocytes

Dibner et al 1998

EARLY FEEDING

Bursa weight

Yolk Sac with Contents g % Placement *** *** Immediate 4.1 10.4 24-hr Delay 1.9 5.3

Use of these nutrients for nutritional purposes may deprive newly hatched bird of antibody protection.

Vieira and Moran, 1999

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. Vol.2 no.3 Campinas Sept. 2000

EARLY FEEDING

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RETAINED YOLKS

Undernutrition … is the major cause for excessive chick morbidity and mortality

Xin, H.,Lee, H.J. Appl. Poutry Res. 6:417-421. 1997

EARLY FEEDING

MANAGEMENT

4.3% 20%

Crop fill

10%

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FOR GUT HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE

•  Have birds consume feed as early as possible

•  Have good quality raw ingredients •  Consider digestibility •  Alternative gut health products

ADDITIVES FOR GUT HEALTH

IDENTIFY CHALLENGE TIMES

0 7 14 21 28 35

Dis

ease

Cha

lleng

e E

ffect

on

Per

form

ance

Days of Age

Ecoli

Clostridium Coccidiosis Viral

Ecoli

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TECH

NICA

L RES

EARC

H RE

PORT

!

EFFECT OF JEFO’S PROTECTED ORGANIC ACIDS " ESSENTIAL OILS ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY

1701

13

TREATMENTST1 ControlT2 AGP (Enramycin at 10 ppm)T3 Jefo’s P(OA+EO) at 300 g/t T4 Jefo’s P(OA+EO) at 150 g/t & AGP (Enramycin at 10 ppm)

At 28 days of age, 2 birds per replicate were slaughtered and the ileal content was sampled for nutrient digestibility analysis

Elizabeth Santin, DVM, PhD - Federal University of Paraná, BrazilMariana Lemos de Moraes, DVM, PhD - Jefo Nutrition Inc.Duarte Neves, PhD - Jefo Nutrition Inc.

INTRODUCTIONThe digestibility of a feed determines the amount of nutrients that is actually absorbed by an animal and therefore the availability of nutrients for growth, reproduction, immune system, etc. The absorption of nutrients is placed in the intestine and consequently, it is hypothesized that a healthier intestine would allow a better absorption of the dietary nutrients. OBJECTIVETo evaluate feed digestibility of broiler chickens supplemented with Jefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils P(OA+EO) alone or in combination with and antibiotic growth promoter (AGP).

MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 284 Cobb 500 male broiler chickens were raised until 28 days of age and distributed into 4 treatments with 8 replicates as it follows:

Figure 1. Nutrient digestibility. Means with di!erent superscripts di!er (abP<0.01, xyP<0.10; Tukey test).

Figure 2. Digestible energy of the diet. abMeans with di!erent superscripts di!er (P)0.001;Tukey test).

RESULTSThe supplementation with Jefo’s P(OA+EO) alone or in combination with an AGP improved the ileal coe"cients of digestibility (Figure 1) and the digestible energy of the diet (Figure 2).

Dry Matter

P=0.001 P=0.002P=0.057c

b

y

73.3

76.5

85.7

74.1

76.9

86.3

76.6

79.1

87.2

77.2

80.2

87.5

bc

b

xy xy

ab

aba

a

x

Ileal

diges

tibilit

y, %

7072747678808284868890

Crude Protein Energy

P)0.001

bb

ab

a

3170

3181

3256

3359

Ener

gy, k

cal/k

g

3050

3150

3250

3350

3100

3200

3300

3400

Digestible energy

Negative Control AGP Jefo’s P(OA+EO) Jefo’s P(OA+EO) & AGP

CONCLUSIONJefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils alone or in combination with an AGP can be used as a strategy to improve nutrient digestibility for broiler chickens.

AGP: antibiotic growth promoter.P(OA+EO): Jefo’s Protected Organic Acids + Essential Oils P(OA+EO) .

EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES

TECH

NICA

L RES

EARC

H RE

PORT

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JEFO PROTEASE IMPROVESINTESTINAL HEALTH INDICATORS

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Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul & Federal University of Paraná, Brazil

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the e!ect of Jefo Protease on intestinal health indicators when supplemented on top of a standard diet or with a low density diet.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 392 day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were distributed into 4 treatments with 7 replicates/treatment. The birds were reared on wood shavings in floor pens (14 birds/pen) and fed ad libitum.

REFERENCE Kraieski AL; Hayashi RM; Sanches A; Almeida GC; Santin E. E!ect of aflatoxin experimental ingestion and Eimeria vaccine challenges on intestinal histopathology and immune cellular dynamic of broilers: applying an Intestinal Health Index. Poultry Science. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew397. 2016.

At 28 days, a sample of ileum was collected from two birds per replicate and analyzed by the I See Inside Scoring System Methodology (ISI), according to Kraieski et al. (2016). In this methodology, an impact factor (IF) ranging from 1 to 3 is defined for each alteration in microscopic analysis according to the reduction of organ’s functional capacity, where 3 is the most impactful alteration for the organ function. In addition, the intensity and extension of each alteration is evaluated and a score from 0 to 3 is assigned, being 0 the absence of lesion. To reach the final value of the ISI index, the IF of each alteration is multiplied by its respective score number and the results of each individual alteration are summed. Therefore, a lower number of ISI index represents better result.

RESULTS The birds supplemented with Jefo Protease presented the best ISI gut health index, and this result was mainly due to the e!ect on lamina propria and epithelial thickness and proliferation of enterocytes.

Table 1. Treatments distribution

Table 2. Histology analysis of the ileum - I See Inside Scoring System Methodology (ISI)

abcMeans followed by di!erent letters di!er (P<0.06; Fischer’s LSD test).

Protease Supplementation Feed FormulationT1 - Standard Diet1

T2 Jefo Protease (125 g/t) Standard DietT3 - 6% reduction in CP and digestibe lysine2

T4 Jefo Protease (125 g/t) 6% reduction in CP and digestibe lysine1Based on the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (Rostagno et al., 2011).2The ratio of the other essential amino acids to lysine was kept the same as in the Standard Diet.

CONCLUSION Jefo Protease impacts positively on intestinal health indicators when supplemented on top of a standard diet or with a low density diet.

Standard Diet 6% Nutritional Reduction DietP-value

No Protease Jefo Protease No Protease Jefo ProteaseLamina propria thickness 0.96b 0.76b 0.82b 0.37a 0.02Epithelial thickness 0.07a 0.04a 0.21b 0.07a 0.02Proliferation of enterocytes 0.13ab 0.06a 0.23b 0.10a 0.04Epithelial plasma infiltration 0.64 0.66 0.82 0.76 0.16Mixed inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria 1.91 1.44 1.62 1.83 0.39

Increase of goblet cells 2.00 1.58 1.74 1.93 0.26Congestion 0.58 0.42 0.46 0.17 0.15Necrosis / apical karyolysis 0.09 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.60Presence of oocysts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -Total 6.38b 5.13a 5.95ab 5.29a 0.06

EVALUATING ALTERNATIVES

No Protease

Protease Protease No Protease

P-value

Dr. Elizabeth Santin ISI

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TAKE HOME MESSAGE

•  We are now in a world that’s restricting or eliminating antibiotics in food animal production

•  Gut health will be the first to suffer •  Management must be optimized •  Rethink nutrition - % undigestible •  Alternative products can work •  Alternative products can make it worse

Thank you!