The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation Modified from Kim Foglia.
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Transcript of The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation Modified from Kim Foglia.
![Page 1: The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation Modified from Kim Foglia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649eca5503460f94bd8392/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA->RNA-> Protein
The Central DogmaReplication-> Transcription-> Translation
Modified from Kim Foglia
![Page 2: The Central Dogma Replication-> Transcription-> Translation Modified from Kim Foglia.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649eca5503460f94bd8392/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bodies are made up of cells All cells run on a set of
instructions spelled out in DNA ( deoxyribonucleic acid)
Bodies Cells DNA
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How does DNA code for cells & bodies? DNA synthesized ( REPLICATION)->RNA-> proteins->cells
DNA Cells Bodies
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DNA has the information to build proteins genes
DNA Proteins Cells Bodies
proteinscells
bodiesDNA gets all the glory,Proteins do all the work
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cytoplasm
nucleus
Cell organizationDNA
DNA is in the nucleus▪ genes = instructions for making proteins
want to keep it there = protected▪ “locked in the vault”
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Building the polymer
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Nitrogenous bases 2 types of nucleotides
different nitrogen bases purines▪ double ring N base ▪ adenine (A)▪ guanine (G)
pyrimidines▪ single ring N base ▪ cytosine (C)▪ thymine (T)▪ uracil (U)
Purine = AGPure silver!
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Base Pairs Nucleotides bond between
DNA strands H bondsphosphodiester bonds purine :: pyrimidine A :: T▪ 2 H bonds
G :: C▪ 3 H bonds
Matching bases?Why is this important?
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Passing on DNA information
Need to get DNA gene information from nucleus to cytoplasm need a copy of DNA messenger RNA
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
mRNA
buildproteins
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
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DNA vs. RNADNA
deoxyribose sugar nitrogen bases
G, C, A, T T : A C : G
double stranded
RNA ribose sugar nitrogen bases
G, C, A, U U : A C : G
single stranded
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Transcription ( DNA->RNA)
Making mRNA from DNA DNA strand is the
template (pattern) match bases▪ U : A▪ G : C
Enzyme RNA polymerase
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RNA structure
Ribonucleic acid RNA nucleotide ( ribose, phosphate,
AUCG) Phosphodiester bonds Synthesis ( transcription) nucleolus
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Types of RNA
Messenger RNA: carries coded instruction for protein synthesis
Transfer RNA: carries specific amino acids to ribosomes during protein assembly
Ribosomal RNA: part of ribosomes
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How does mRNA code for proteins
mRNA leaves nucleus mRNA goes to ribosomes in
cytoplasm Proteins built from instructions on
mRNA
aa aa aa aa aa aa aa aa
mRNA
U C CCCCCA A U G U G A A A A AG G G GU U
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Cell organization Proteins
chains of amino acids made by a “protein factory” in cytoplasm protein factory = ribosome
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosome
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
buildproteins
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How do proteins do all the work
Proteins proteins run living organisms enzymes▪ control all chemical reactions in living
organisms structure▪ all living organisms are built out of proteins
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Proteins
Building block =
aminoacid
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
aminoacid–
—N—H
H
H|—C—|
C—OH
||O
variable group
amino acids
20 different amino acids
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Amino acid chains Proteins :amino acids chained into a
polymer, primary structure held by peptide bonds
Each amino acid is different some “like” water & dissolve in it some “fear” water & separate
from it
amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid
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Protein structure
Primary structure: chain of amino acids held by peptide bonds
Sensitive to temperature, pH and ionic conditions
Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes
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DNA Replication
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mRNA
From nucleus to cytoplasm
DNA
transcription
nucleuscytoplasm
translation
trait
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aa
protein
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From gene to protein
transcriptiontranscription
translationtranslation
proteinprotein