The Cell Cycle & Cell Division
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Transcript of The Cell Cycle & Cell Division
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The Cell Cycle &
Cell Division
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The Cell Cycle
http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2001/press.html
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MITOSIS
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Mitosis
The process of cell division which results in the production of two daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent
cell.
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Mitosis can be divided into stages
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
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InterphaseThe cell prepares for division
• Animal Cell – DNA replicated– Organelles replicated– Cell increases in size
• Plant Cell– DNA replicated– Organelles replicated– Cell increases in size
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Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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ProphaseThe cell prepares for nuclear division
• Animal Cell– Packages DNA into
chromosomes
• Plant cell– Packages DNA into
chromosomes
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Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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MetaphaseThe cell prepares chromosomes for
division• Animal Cell
– Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
– Spindle fibers attach from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere
• Plant Cell– Chromosomes line up
at the center of the cell– Spindle fibers attach
from daughter cells to chromosomes at the centromere
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Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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AnaphaseThe chromosomes divide
• Animal Cell– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart– ½ of each
chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell
• Plant Cell– Spindle fibers pull
chromosomes apart– ½ of each
chromosome (called chromotid) moves to each daughter cell
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Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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TelophaseThe cytoplasm divides
• Animal Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– Cell wall pinches in to
form the 2 new daughter cells
• Plant Cell– DNA spreads out– 2 nuclei form– New cell wall forms
between to nuclei to form the 2 new daughter cells
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Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Animal Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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MEIOSIS
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Meiosis
Meiosis is the type of cell division by which germ cells (eggs and sperm) are produced.
One parent cell produces four daughter cells.
Daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes found in the original
parent cell
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Meiosis
During meiosis, DNA replicates once, but the nucleus divides twice.
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Meiosis
Four stages can be described for each division of the nucleus.
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Meiosis IFirst division of meiosis
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First Division of Meiosis• Prophase 1: Each chromosome duplicates and
remains closely associated. These are called sister chromatids.
• Metaphase 1: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.
• Anaphase 1: Chromosome pairs separate with sister chromatids remaining together.
• Telophase 1: Two daughter cells are formed with each daughter containing only one chromosome of the chromosome pair.
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Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Prophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Metaphase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Telophase I
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Meiosis
Second Division of Meiosis
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Second Division of Meiosis• Prophase 2: DNA does not replicate.
• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
• Anaphase 2: Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move separately to each pole.
• Telophase 2: Cell division is complete.
Four haploid daughter cells are formed.
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Prophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Metaphase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Telophase II
http://everyschool.org/u/logan/cellreproductionx/rogersa/research/meiosis.html
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Meiosis
http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/apr_3.html.
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Meiosis Animation
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/notebook/courses/guide/movie/meiosis.htm
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Differences in Mitosis & Meiosis
• Mitosis– Asexual– Cell divides once– Two daughter cells– Genetic information is
identical
• Meiosis– Sexual– Cell divides twice– Four haploid daughter
cells– Genetic information is
different