The Cell

Covers CA Standards

1c, 1f, 1g

Cell theory

• 1. Organisms composed of one or more cells

• 2. Cell is basic unit of organization

• 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Two basic cell types

• Two basic cell types-

• Prokaryotes- NO internal membrane-bound structures

• Eukaryotes- cells DO have internal membrane-bound structures, called ORGANELLES

• Prokaryotes

• Simple- no nucleus

• Small- 1/10 size of a eukaryotic cell

• Bacteria

Eukaryotes – everything else

Organelles- why the separation?

• Separation allows multiple chemical reactions at the same time

• Cells have a function, determined by instructions in nucleus

• Cells are like a factory, with different departments contributing to the final product

• The departments would be the _________

• Nucleus– Control center– Contains DNA– Nuclear pores

– Chromatin- uncondensed DNA

– Nucleolus- produces ribosomes

• Ribosomes– assemble enzymes &

other proteins from the directions of the DNA

DNA only carries instructions for proteins

• Endoplasmic Reticulum- continuation of outer nuclear membrane. – Smooth ER-

makes/stores lipids– Rough ER-

ribosomes on surface make proteins

Golgi Apparatus- stacks of membrane.

• Packages and transports macromolecules (proteins)

• Mitochondria- supplies energy by breaking down glucose.

• Double membrane- folds called cristae.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 __

_ 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP_

• Vacuole-temporary storage area- food, enzymes, waste

• Lysosome- Digest food, waste, bacteria, -the garbage center. Has hydrolytic enzymes

• Cytoskeleton- framework for internal support

Plant cells

Chloroplasts- contains the green pigment chlorophyll

Traps energy in sunlight for photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2

• Plants have a cell wall- animal cells do not.

• Made of cellulose

Terms YOU’RE responsible for looking up

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Cilia

• Flagella

• Centrioles- there’s something special about centrioles