THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass...
Transcript of THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass...
![Page 1: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY-GENERAL PROSPECTS, INCLUDING
BIOENERGY
Feroz Kabir
Associate ProfessorDepartment of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
FORUM ON NUCLEAR ENERGY AS AN OPTION FOR MALAYSIA
![Page 2: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Electricity Generation by Fuel
GW
hUNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 3: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
CO
2Av
oida
nce
(MM
T/y)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
2010 2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
MW
Solar PV Mini-Hydro Biogas Biomass Column1
4459
Renewable Energy Targets
Source: KeTTHA. (2008). National Renewable Energy Policy & Action Plan; B.A. Malek. (2010). Renewable Energy (RE) Policy & Action Plan, Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
0.5%
of t
otal
pea
k el
ec. d
eman
d
11%
14%
6%
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 4: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Rates (for 2012)
Biomass Biogas Solar PV Mini-hydro
16 (years) 16 (years) 21 (years) 21 (years)
0.31 (10MW) 0.32 (4MW) 1.23 (4kW) 0.24 (10MW)
0.29 (10-20MW) 0.30 (10-20MW) 1.20 (4-24kW) 0.23 (10-30MW)
0.27 (20-30MW) 0.28 (20-30MW) 1.18 (24-72 kW)
1.14 (72kW-1MW)
Source: SEDA. (2012).. http://www.seda.gov.my/
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 5: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Source: B.A. Malek. (2010). Renewable Energy (RE) Policy & Action Plan, Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
Grid Parity
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 6: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biomass Feedstock Chart
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 7: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Malaysian RE/Biomass ScenariosType of Industry
Residue Generated (MMT)
Potential Electricity (MWe)
Oil palm Oil Palm1 40 3,695POME2 63 515
Paddy3 Straw, husk 1.4 152Sugar3 Bagasse 0.4 31Wood3 Sawn timber 1.9* 57Municipal4 MSW 4.6 9
Sub-total 4,459Mini-hydro 500Solar 6,500TOTAL 11,459
Source: 1. data of year 2011, MPOB (2012); 2. data of year 2011, MPOB & Foo-Yuen Ng i(2011-2012); 3 data of 2007, Milbrandt & Overend (2008);
* Expressed in volume (Mm3)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 8: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biomass Conversion Pathways
Ref.: OECD/IEA 2007. www.iea.org/Textbase/techno/essentials.htm
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 9: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Biomass to power
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
Feed handling
Combustion / Gasification
Steam Turbine/ Gas Turbine Generator
● Drying● Shredding● Grinding● Palliating
● Fixed bed● Downdraft● Updraft ● Fluidized bed● Bubbling● Circulating ● Pressurized● Co-firing● Modular
● LP Boiler● HP Boiler● LT gas cleaning● HT gas cleaning● IC-Engine
● Generator
![Page 10: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
Capacity-Technology
Downdraft
Updraft
Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Circulating Fluidized Bed
Pressurized Fluidized Bed
Ref.: Waldheim and Carpentieri, J Eng Gas Turb Power 123,525–536 (2001).
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
0.001 0.1 1 10 100 1000
FUEL CAPACITY (MW)
![Page 11: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
Modular Gasification Technology
Ref.: Comintel Sdn Bhd, 2012
![Page 12: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
Ref.: Comintel Sdn Bhd, 2012
![Page 13: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GenSet
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
Ref.: Comintel Sdn Bhd, 2012
![Page 14: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
A CASE STUDY:
Cost of Electricity Production via Steam Rankine Cycle (10 MW)
![Page 15: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Key Assumptions
FEB is available at RM60/MT (dry)
Moisture in EFB (as received): 35%
Negligible sulfur content
On stream days: 350 days
Cost year: 2011
100% Equity Financed
Construction Period: 1 year
Startup Time: 6 months (50% of normal revenue; 75% of normal
variable and 100% of normal fixed cost )
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 16: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Key Assumptions
Contingency: 30% of Total Installed Cost
Fixed operating cost: 2% of Total Installed Cost
Maintenance cost: 2% of Total Capital Investment
Income Tax rate: 30%
Depreciation Method: Double Declining Balance
Depreciation period : 20 years for Steam/Electricity area;
7 years for other areas
Salvage Value: RM 0
Land Cost is Not Included
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 17: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EFB Composition, dry basis (%)
Cellulose Hemicellulose* Lignin Ash
38.05 31.29 21.76 8.9
EFB Composition
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 18: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Biopower via Steam Rankine Cycle (10 MW)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 19: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Total Installed Cost (TIC) MRM 51.6
Indirect CostsField Expenses 10.32 20% of TICHome Office & Construction Fee 12.90 25% of TICProject Contingency 15.48 30% of TIC
Total Capital Investment (TCI) MRM 90.30
Other Costs (Startup, Permits, etc.) 4.51 5% of TCI
Total Project Investment MRM 94.81
Operating Cost (fixed, variable) MRM 9.67
Total Project Investment (2011 RM values)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 20: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Installed Equipment Cost Breakdown
Boiler/Turbo-Generator (86.8%)
Water Treatment (1.4%)
Cooling Tower (6.3%)Feed handling (5.5%)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 21: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Feedstock36%
Makeup water &
Chemicals3%
Salary and benefits
30%
Maintenance19%
Insurance8%
Waste Disposal
4%
Operating Cost Breakdown
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 22: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Electricity Production Cost (Sen/kWh) : 0.29
Electricity Production (GWh / Year) : 83.9Energy Efficiency (%) : 29.6
Feedstock Cost RM/Dry Metric Ton : 60.0
Internal Rate of Return (After-Tax) : 10%
Equity Percent of Total Investment : 100%
Overall Result
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 23: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
19 24 29 34 39
Waste Disposal Cost, RM/MT (0 : 60 : 120)
Fixed Operating Cost, MRM (1% : 2%TCI : 3%)
Biomass Cost, RM/dry MT (0 : 60 : 120)
Istalled Equioment Cost, MRM (8.2 : 16.3 : 24.5)
Energy Efficiency, % (20 : 29.6 : 40)
Electricity Production Costs (Sen/kWh)
Impact of Parameters on Electricity Cost
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 24: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2927
24
13
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 25 50 75 100
Prod
uctio
n C
ost (
Sen/
kWh)
Plant Capacity (MW)
Economics of Scale (Steam Rankine Cycle, SRC)
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
![Page 25: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Comparison of Production Cost with FiT
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
FiT 31
29
27
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40
Prod
uctio
n C
ost/F
iT(S
en/k
Wh)
Plant Capacity (MW)
![Page 26: THE CASE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY- GENERAL PROSPECTS, … · 2018. 1. 7. · Malaysian RE/Biomass Scenarios Type of Industry Residue Generated (MMT) Potential Electricity (MWe) Oil palm](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022060812/60902cc04b9b8168bb15557f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conclusions
UNAM CONFERENCE 16TH FEBRUARY 2012
● Renewable energy has bright future for Malaysia
● Government’s recognition and initiatives are positive
● RE is new to us but vital for our energy security, environment,
and sustainable development
● Opportunities to create local employment, and economic growth
● We are on the learning curve
● Demo projects are essential