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The Cambridge Companion to ROUSSEAU -...
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THE CAMBRIDGE COMPANION TO
ROUSSEAU
Each volume in this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography, and will serve as a reference work for students and nonspecialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimidation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challenging thinker.
Universally regarded as the greatest French political theorist and philosopher of education of the Enlightenment and probably the greatest French social theorist tout court, Rousseau was an important forerunner of the French Revolution, although his thought was too nuanced and subtle ever to serve as mere ideology. This is the only volume that systematically surveys the full range of Rousseau's activities in politics and education, psychology, anthropology, religion, music, and theater.
New readers will find this the most convenient and accessible guide to Rousseau currently available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the interpretation of Rousseau.
Patrick Riley is Oakeshott Professor of Political and Moral Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin - Madison., and Professore a Contratto, Facolta di Giurisprudenza, Universita degli Studi di Bologna.
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OTHER VOLUMES IN THE SERIES OF CAMBRIDGE COMPANIONS:
AQUINAS Edited bYNORMAN KRETZ MANN and ELEONORE STUMP
HANNAH ARENDT Edited bYDANA VILLA
ARISTOTLE Edited bYJONATHAN BARNES
AUGUSTINE Edited by ELEONORE STUMP and NORMAN KRETZMANN
BACON Edited by MARKKU PELTONEN
DES CAR TES Edited by JOHN COTTINGHAM
EARLY GREEK PHILOSOPHY Edited by A. A. LONG
FEMINISM IN PHILOSOPHY Edited by MIRANDA
FRICKER and JENNIFER HORNSBY
FOUCAULT Edited by GARY GUTTING
FREUD Edited by JEROME NEU
GALILEO Edited bYPETER MACHAMER
GERMAN IDEALISM Edited by KARL AMERIKS
HABERMAS Edited by STEPHEN K. WHITE
HEGEL Edited by FREDERICK BEISER
HEIDEGGER Edited by CHARLES GUIGNON
HOBBES Edited by TOM SORELL
HUME Edited by DAVID FATE NORTON
HUSSERL Edited by BARRY SMITH and DAVID WOODRUFF SMITH
WILLIAM JAMES Edited bYRUTH ANNA PUTNAM
KANT Edited by PAUL GUYER
KIERKEGAARD Edited by ALASTAIR HANNAY and GORDON MARINO
LEIBNIZ Edited by NICHOLAS JOLLEY
LOCKE Edited by VERE CHAPPELL
MALEBRANCHE Edited by STEPHEN NADLER
MARX Edited by TERRELL CARVER
MILL Edited bYJOHN SKORUPSKI
NIETZSCHE Edited by BERND MAGNUS and KA THLEEN HIGGINS
OCKHAM Edited bYPAUL VINCENT SPADE
PLATO Edited bYRICHARD KRAUT
PLOTINUS Edited bYLLOYD P. GERSON
ROUSSEAU Edited bYPATRICK RILEY
SARTRE Edited by CHRISTINA HOWELLS
SCHOPENHAUER Edited by CHRISTOPHER
JANAWAY
SPINOZA Edited by DON GARRETT
WITTGENSTEIN Edited by HANS SLUGA and DAVID STERN
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-57265-1 - The Cambridge Companion to RousseauEdited by Patrick RileyFrontmatterMore information
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-57265-1 - The Cambridge Companion to RousseauEdited by Patrick RileyFrontmatterMore information
The Cambridge Companion to
ROUSSEAU
Edited by Patrick Riley University of Wisconsin - Madison
and Universita degli Studi di Bologna
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
www.cambridge.org© in this web service Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press978-0-521-57265-1 - The Cambridge Companion to RousseauEdited by Patrick RileyFrontmatterMore information
cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo, Mexico City
Cambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521572651
© Cambridge University Press 2001
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2001
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication DataThe Cambridge companion to Rousseau / edited by Patrick Riley.p. cm. - (Cambridge companions to philosophy)Includes bibliographical references and index.isbn 0-521-57265-7 - isbn 0-521-57615-6 (pbk.)1. Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 1712-1778. I. Riley, Patrick, 1941-II. Series.B2137 .C27 2001194 - dc21 2001018430
isbn 978-0-521-57265-1 Hardbackisbn 978-0-521-57615-4 Paperback
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments page ix
Contributors xi
I Introduction: Life and Works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) PATRICK RILEY I
2 A General Overview GEORGE ARMSTRONG KELLY 8
3 Rousseau, Voltaire, and the Revenge of Pascal MARK HULLIUNG 57
4 Rousseau, Fenelon, and the Quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns PATRICK RILEY 78
5 Rousseau's Political Philosophy: Stoic and Augustinian Origins CHRISTOPHER BROOKE 94
6 Rousseau's General Will PATRICK RILEY 124
7 Rousseau's Images of Authority (Especially in La Nouvelle HeloIse) JUDITH N. SHKLAR 154
8 The Religious Thought VICTOR GOUREVITCH 193
vii
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viii CONTENTS
9 Emile: Learning to Be Men, Women, and Citizens GERAINT PARRY 247
10 Emile: Nature and the Education of Sophie SUSAN MELD SHELL 272
II Rousseau's Confessions CHRISTOPHER KELLY 302
12 Music, Politics, Theater, and Representation in Rousseau C.N. DUGAN AND TRACY B. STRONG 329
13 The Motto Vitam impendere vero and the Question of Lying JEAN ST AROBINSKI 365
14 Rousseau's The Levite of EphraIm: Synthesis within A "Minor" Work THOMAS KAVANAGH 397
15 Ancient Postmodernism in the Philosophy of Rousseau ROBERT WOKLER 418
Bibliography 445
Index 451
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
My chief debt is to Terence Moore, senior Humanities Editor at Cambridge University Press (New York office), who asked me to edit The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau in 1995 and who has displayed an admirably long-suffering patience in waiting for the volume to materialize. It is a real joy to work with so understanding and helpful an editor. (I am particularly grateful to him for bending the rules of the Cambridge Companion series by permitting republication of celebrated Rousseau essays by the late Judith N. Shklar and George A. Kelly; I learned everything I know about Rousseau from them (and from John Rawls) and was determined to have them in the present Companion. ill health prevented Rawls himself from contributing what would have been a splendid chapter.)
I am of course grateful to all the other contributors to the Companion; many of them put aside pressing work to produce their contributions. No editorial uniformity was imposed on them: I simply asked each to do what he or she knows and loves best, and I think that the outcome justifies such faith and confidence.
I am grateful to my son, Professor Patrick Riley, Jr., of the Department of French at Colgate University, for undertaking his fine translation of Jean Starobinski's remarkable chapter, "The Motto Vitam Impendere Vero and the Question of Lying."
For typing and other technical help I am grateful to Ms. Laura Weeks, who has taken on more than a fair share of labor for this Companion. Without her constant effort the book would not exist.
I am grateful to the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, for kindly permitting the reproduction of the Ramsay portrait of Rousseau that adorns the Companion's cover.
ix
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X ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Finally I acknowledge my own companion, Joan A. Riley, who for 35 years has made all of my work possiblej without her support I would have achieved little indeed.
Patrick Riley Cambridge, Massachusetts October, 2000
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CONTRIBUTORS
CHRISTOPHER BROOKE is Senior Tutor in Political and Moral Philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford University. His work is on early-modern Stoicism and on 17th-century Augustinianism.
C.N. DUGAN isa Tutor at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland. His dissertation was on political education in Plato's Laws, and he is presently preparing a version of this work for publication.
VICTOR GOUREVITCH is Professor (Emeritus) of Political Philosophy at Wesleyan University. He is the editor of the Rousseau volumes in the Series, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought, and the author of numerous chapters and articles on Rousseau.
MARK HULLIUNG is Professor of History at Brandeis University. He is the author of Rousseau: The Autocritique of Enlightenment (Harvard University Press) and of a book on Machiavelli.
THOMAS KAVANAGH is Professor of French Literature at the University of California, Berkeley. He is the author of Writing the Truth: Authority and Desire in Rousseau (University of California Press).
CHRISTOPHER KELLY is Professor of Political Science at Boston College. He is the author of Rousseau's Exemplary Life: The Confessions as Political Philosophy (Cornell University Press) and is coeditor (with Roger D. Masters) of Rousseau's Collected Writings (University Press of New England).
THE LATE GEORGE ARMSTRONG KELLY was Visiting Professor of Political Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. He was the author of Idealism, Politics and History (Cambridge University
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xii CONTRIBUTORS
Press), Hegel's Retreat from Eleusis (Princeton University Press), and many chapters and articles.
GERAINT PARRY is Professor of Government at the University of Manchester, England. He is the author of numerous works on the philosophy of education (especially on Rousseau).
PATRICK RILEY is Oakeshott Professor of Political and Moral Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin (Madison). He is the author of The General Will before Rousseau (Princeton University Press) and of Leibniz' Universal Jurisprudence: Justice as the Charity of the Wise (Harvard University Press).
SUSAN MELD SHELL is Professor of Political Science at Boston College. She is the author of several books on Kant (Toronto and Chicago) and is at work on a book on Punishment.
THE LATE JUDITH N. SHKLAR was Professor of Government at Harvard University. She was the author of Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau's Social Theory (Cambridge University Press), of Ordinary Vices (Harvard University Press), and of a study of Hegel's Phenomenology (Cambridge).
JEAN ST AROBINSKI is Professor in the Department of Modern French Language and Literature at the University of Geneva, Switzerland. He is the author of Transparence et l'Obstacle, a psychological and even psychoanalytical study of Rousseau.
TRACY STRONG is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He is the author of Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Politics of the Ordinary (Sage) and of numerous Nietzsche studies. He was for many years the editor of Political Theory.
ROBERT WOKLER is Senior Lecturer at the University of Exeter, England. He is the author or editor of four books on Rousseau, including Rousseau (Oxford Unviersity Press) and Rousseau and Liberty (University of Manchester Press).
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