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RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic species classification of microorganisms across time, abiotic and biotic environments—A sliding window approach Frank Pennekamp 1 *, Jason I. Griffiths 2 , Emanuel A. Fronhofer 1,3 , Aure ´ lie Garnier 1 , Mathew Seymour 3,4 , Florian Altermatt 1,3 , Owen L. Petchey 1 1 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland, 2 Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom, 3 Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, U ¨ berlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Du ¨ bendorf, Switzerland, 4 Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, United Kingdom * [email protected] Abstract The development of video-based monitoring methods allows for rapid, dynamic and accu- rate monitoring of individuals or communities, compared to slower traditional methods, with far reaching ecological and evolutionary applications. Large amounts of data are gen- erated using video-based methods, which can be effectively processed using machine learning (ML) algorithms into meaningful ecological information. ML uses user defined classes (e.g. species), derived from a subset (i.e. training data) of video-observed quanti- tative features (e.g. phenotypic variation), to infer classes in subsequent observations. However, phenotypic variation often changes due to environmental conditions, which may lead to poor classification, if environmentally induced variation in phenotypes is not accounted for. Here we describe a framework for classifying species under changing envi- ronmental conditions based on the random forest classification. A sliding window approach was developed that restricts temporal and environmentally conditions to improve the clas- sification. We tested our approach by applying the classification framework to experimental data. The experiment used a set of six ciliate species to monitor changes in community structure and behavior over hundreds of generations, in dozens of species combinations and across a temperature gradient. Differences in biotic and abiotic conditions caused sim- plistic classification approaches to be unsuccessful. In contrast, the sliding window approach allowed classification to be highly successful, as phenotypic differences driven by environmental change, could be captured by the classifier. Importantly, classification using the random forest algorithm showed comparable success when validated against traditional, slower, manual identification. Our framework allows for reliable classification in dynamic environments, and may help to improve strategies for long-term monitoring of species in changing environments. Our classification pipeline can be applied in fields PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176682 May 4, 2017 1 / 22 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Pennekamp F, Griffiths JI, Fronhofer EA, Garnier A, Seymour M, Altermatt F, et al. (2017) Dynamic species classification of microorganisms across time, abiotic and biotic environments—A sliding window approach. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176682. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0176682 Editor: Zhong-Ke Gao, Tianjin University, CHINA Received: February 3, 2017 Accepted: April 14, 2017 Published: May 4, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Pennekamp et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: data is available on figshare at https://figshare.com/s/ 7534863cecace2756cfc. Funding: This work was supported by Swiss National Science Foundation 31003A_159498 to OLP and Swiss National Science Foundation 31003A_135622 and PP00P3_150698 to FA. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Transcript of The Caldecott Medal - Home | Daniel Boone Regional Library · 2020. 6. 29. · The Caldecott Medal...
The Caldecott Medal
2020 Medal Winner
Medal Winners 1938-2020 The Caldecott Medal was named in honor of 19th century English
illustrator Randolph Caldecott. It is awarded annually by the
Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American
Library Association, to the artist of the most distinguished American
picture book for children.
1963 The Snowy Day by Ezra Jack Keats
1962 Once a Mouse retold and illus. by Marcia Brown
1961 Baboushka and the Three Kings illus. by Nicolas Sidjakov,
text by Ruth Robbins
1960 Nine Days to Christmas illus. by Marie Hall Ets,
text by Marie Hall Ets and Aurora Labastida
1959 Chanticleer and the Fox illus. by Barbara Cooney,
adapted from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales by Barbara Cooney
1958 Time of Wonder by Robert McCloskey
1957 A Tree Is Nice illus. by Marc Simont, text by Janice Udry
1956 Frog Went A-Courtin’ illus. by Feodor Rojankovsky,
retold by John Langstaff
1955 Cinderella, or the Little Glass Slipper illus. by Marcia Brown, translated from
Charles Perrault by Marcia Brown
1954 Madeline’s Rescue by Ludwig Bemelmans
1953 The Biggest Bear by Lynd Ward
1952 Finders Keepers illus. by Nicolas, pseud. (Nicholas Mordvinoff),
text by Will, pseud. [William Lipkind]
1951 The Egg Tree by Katherine Milhous
1950 Song of the Swallows by Leo Politi
1949 The Big Snow by Berta & Elmer Hader
1948 White Snow, Bright Snow illus. by Roger Duvoisin,
text by Alvin Tresselt
1947 The Little Island illus. by Leonard Weisgard,
text by Golden MacDonald, pseud. [Margaret Wise Brown]
1946 The Rooster Crows by Maud & Miska Petersham
1945 Prayer for a Child illus. by Elizabeth Orton Jones, text by Rachel Field
1944 Many Moons illus. by Louis Slobodkin, text by James Thurber
1943 The Little House by Virginia Lee Burton
1942 Make Way for Ducklings by Robert McCloskey
1941 They Were Strong and Good by Robert Lawson
1940 Abraham Lincoln by Ingri & Edgar Parin d’Aulaire
1939 Mei Li by Thomas Handforth
1938 Animals of the Bible, A Picture Book illus. by Dorothy P. Lathrop,
text selected by Helen Dean Fish
Daniel Boone Regional Library www.dbrl.org
2020 The Undefeated illus. by Kadir Nelson, text by Kwame Alexander
2019 Hello Lighthouse by Sophie Blackall
2018 Wolf in the Snow by Matthew Cordell
2017 Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat
by Javaka Steptoe
2016 Finding Winnie: The True Story of the World's Most Famous Bear
illus. by Sophie Blackall, text by Lindsay Mattick
2015 The Adventures of Beekle: The Unimaginary Friend by Dan Santat
2014 Locomotive by Brian Floca
2013 This Is Not My Hat by Jon Klassen
2012 A Ball for Daisy by Chris Raschka
2011 A Sick Day for Amos McGee illus. by Erin E. Stead, text by Philip C. Stead
2010 The Lion & the Mouse by Jerry Pinkney
2009 The House in the Night illus. Beth Krommes, text Susan Marie Swanson
2008 The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick
2007 Flotsam by David Wiesner
2006 The Hello, Goodbye Window illus. by Chris Raschka, text by Norton Juster
2005 Kitten’s First Full Moon by Kevin Henkes
2004 The Man Who Walked Between the Towers by Mordicai Gerstein
2003 My Friend Rabbit by Eric Rohmann
2002 The Three Pigs by David Wiesner
2001 So You Want to Be President? illus. by David Small, text by Judith St. George
2000 Joseph Had a Little Overcoat by Simms Taback
1999 Snowflake Bentley illus. by Mary Azarian, text by Jacqueline Briggs Martin
1998 Rapunzel by Paul O. Zelinsky
1997 Golem by David Wisniewski
1996 Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann
1995 Smoky Night illus. by David Diaz, text by Eve Bunting
1994 Grandfather’s Journey by Allen Say, text edited by Walter Lorraine
1993 Mirette on the High Wire by Emily Arnold McCully
1992 Tuesday by David Wiesner
1991 Black and White by David Macaulay
1990 Lon Po Po: A Red-Riding Hood Story from China by Ed Young
1989 Song and Dance Man illus. by Stephen Gammell, text by Karen Ackerman
1988 Owl Moon illus. by John Schoenherr, text by Jane Yolen
1987 Hey, Al illus. by Richard Egielski, text by Arthur Yorinks
1986 The Polar Express by Chris Van Allsburg
1985 Saint George and the Dragon illus. by Trina Schart Hyman,
retold by Margaret Hodges
1984 The Glorious Flight: Across the Channel With Louis Bleriot by Alice & Martin Provensen
1983 Shadow translated and illus. by Marcia Brown,
original text in French by Blaise Cendrars
1982 Jumanji by Chris Van Allsburg
1981 Fables by Arnold Lobel
1980 Ox-Cart Man illus. by Barbara Cooney, text by Donald Hall
1979 The Girl Who Loved Wild Horses by Paul Goble
1978 Noah’s Ark by Peter Spier
1977 Ashanti to Zulu: African Traditions illus. by Leo & Diane Dillon,
text by Margaret Musgrove
1976 Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People’s Ears illus. by Leo & Diane Dillon,
retold by Verna Aardema
1975 Arrow to the Sun: A Pueblo Indian Tale by Gerald McDermott
1974 Duffy and the Devil illus. by Margot Zemach, retold by Harve Zemach
1973 The Funny Little Woman illus. by Blair Lent, retold by Arlene Mosel
1972 One Fine Day retold and illus. by Nonny Hogrogian
1971 A Story, a Story: An African Tale retold and illus. by Gail E. Haley
1970 Sylvester and the Magic Pebble by William Steig
1969 The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship illus. by Uri Shulevitz,
retold by Arthur Ransome
1968 Drummer Hoff illus. by Ed Emberley, text adapted by Barbara Emberley
1967 Sam, Bangs & Moonshine by Evaline Ness
1966 Always Room for One More illus. by Nonny Hogrogian,
text by Sorche Nic Leodhas, pseud. [Leclair Alger]
1965 May I Bring a Friend? illus. by Beni Montresor,
text by Beatrice Schenk de Regniers
1964 Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak
Caldecott Medal Winners, 1938-2020
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