The Byzantine Empire The “New Rome”
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Transcript of The Byzantine Empire The “New Rome”
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*The Byzantine EmpireThe “New Rome”
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AD 476: Western Rome fell due to barbarian invasionsEastern Rome survived for 1000 years (capital – Constantinople)Preserved Greek & Roman culture
*Byzantine Empire
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*Constantinople: Where Europe & Asia Meet
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•Overlooked the Bosporus Strait•Richest & largest European city•Dominated economic life in the Mediterranean•Major center of trade between the east & west
*Constantinople
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Justinian - 6th century emperor (Eastern empire)Took power in 527ADOne of Byzantine’s greatest rulers
*Justinian & Theodora
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Justinian’s wife Theodora was VERY influential during his reignWanted to improve the social standing of women; urged Justinian to give women more rights
*Justinian & Theodora
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*Military Expansion
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Belisarius:Peasant with little military experienceFriend of Theodora’sEventually appointed general of the Byzantine army
*Belisarius
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*Nika RebellionViolent riot Occurred in Constantinople at the Hippodrome½ the city burned or destroyedThousands of people killed
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When the taxpayers revolted Justinian wanted to flee Theodora advised against this course of actionJustinian stayed & with the Belasarius’ help his army crushed the rebels
*Belisarius & Expansion
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In addition, Belisarius fought a series of wars against the Vandals, Ostrogoths & VisigothsThe Byzantines conquered these Germanic groups and extended their rule in the west
*War!!!!!
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*Conflict in the Church
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*Conflict in the ChurchDuring the 8th century a
church controversy arose over the use of icons (religious images) in worshipEastern church (Constantinople) vs. Western church (Rome)
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*Conflict in the Church
In AD 726 Emperor Leo III ordered the removal of all icons Believed that they encouraged superstition & the worship of idolsSupporters known as iconoclasts, or icon (image)breakers
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Church officials resisted the Emperor’s demands & were supported by the Roman PopeResulted in an argument over the true source of religious authorityEastern church or western church? *Conflict in
the Church
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*Conflict in the Church
The Pope, in Rome, claimed that he was the supreme leader of churchThe Patriarch, in Constantinople, claimed that he was the supreme leader of the church
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*Conflict in the Church
This controversy eventually resulted in a schism (separation) in 1054Roman Catholic Church in the West & Eastern Orthodox Church in the East
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*Byzantine Culture
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*Byzantine ArtByzantine art glorified religionIcons in homes, churches & shrinesMosaics:Tiny pieces of colored glass or flat stone set in plaster
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*Byzantine ArtSubjects of
Byzantine art appeared stiff & artificial with calm, meditative faces to inspire reverence
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*Byzantine ArchitectureGreatest form
of Byzantine artGreatest masterpiece: The Hagia Sophia (church), meaning “holy wisdom”
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Built in the shape of a Greek cross Includes murals, mosaics & insets of ivory, silver & jewels
*Byzantine Architecture
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*Byzantine Architecture
Capped by a huge dome that rests on massive columns
*Byzantine Architecture
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*Justinian’s CodeJustinian had Roman laws codified & classifiedPreserved Rome’s legal heritage & later became the basis for most European legal systems
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*And Finally…
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*Justinian’s Accomplishments
Expanded the EmpireJustinian’s CodeThe Hagia SophiaHelped spread ChristianityIncreased women's’ rights
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*Decline of Empire
*The Plague of Justinian: *In the worst year of the plague, 10,000 people died every day*Destroyed a huge % of the empire’s population
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*Decline of Empire
*Foreign Invasions:*Attacks from the Avars, Slavs, Bulgars and Persians*GREATLY weakened the empire
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*Fall of ConstantinopleOttoman Turks from central
Asia attacked the Eastern provincesAD 1453 - Ottomans laid siege to ConstantinopleConstantinople fell…