The Business Guys October Newsletter LC Business · Past Paper Questions Broken Down By Chapter...

Gavin Duffy www.thebusinessguys.ie

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The Business Guys

October Newsletter

LC Business

LC HL PP Q’s by

Chapter

Sick and tired going hunting for PP Q’s for each chapter or spending time on Study Clix or similar?

This newsletter is intended to make it much easier for both student and teacher to review chapters studied, e.g. putting together a class exam or

revising for an exam on a certain chapter. All of the past paper questions featured since 2009 are included in the pack

(both short and long questions), and are broken down by chapter.

Send on any feedback and suggestions for future newsletters to [email protected]


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Past Paper Questions Broken Down By Chapter 2009-2016 LC Business - Gavin Duffy - www.thebusinessguys.ie

Unit 1 People In Business Consumer Conflict Industrial Relations Conflicts Unit 2 Enterprise Unit 3 Management & M. Skil ls Communications Management Activities Unit 4 Human Resource Management Managing Change Ratios Insurance and Tax Finance Unit 5 Business Ideas Business Start Up Marketing #1 Marketing #2 Business Expansion Unit 6 Business Organisations Categories of Industry Business, The Economy and Government Community Development Social Responsibil ity Unit 7 International Trade European Union Global Business

Page 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 19 20 22 26 29 31 33 35 40 42 44 46 47 49 50 51 53 55


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Exam Structure & Timing

Shorts - 8/10 (80 marks) - 20 minutes - Answer ALL questions

ABQ - 80 marks - 40 minutes - From 3 Units each year - Compulsory Question to Answer

Section 1 - 3 Questions, you must answer 1 and can choose to answer 2. Units examined are Unit 1, Unit 6 and Unit 7 - 30 mins per Q / 60 marks each

Section 2 - 4 Questions, you must answer 2 and can choose to answer 3. Units examined are Unit 2, Unit 3, Unit 4 and Unit 5 - 30 mins per Q / 60 marks each

Exam Answer Layout

S.E.R. - How to Answer every question

State: Give a heading for every point

Explain: Each point much be explained, using keywords from the LC text and also showing understanding of the concepts dealt with in the course

Relate: Link the question back to whatever the question has asked you. E.g. “impact on the Irish economy”.


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Chapter 1 – People In Business - Stakeholders, Relationships, Contract (Elements, Termination, Remedies) 2014 Q1 (B) Describe the role of any two ‘Interest Groups’ in business. (15 marks) 2009 Q1 (A) Outline, using an example, the role of interest groups in the business world. (10 marks) 2015 Q1 (A) Describe one example of a co-operative relationship and one example of a source of conflict that could arise between the following stakeholders: (i) Investor and Entrepreneur (ii) Supplier and Purchasing Manager. (20 marks) 2011 Q1 (A) Outline, using examples, the relationship that can exist between ‘Investors’ and ‘Entrepreneurs’ in business. (15 marks) 2009 Q1 (B) Discuss how consumers may benefit from the existence of a competitive relationship between producers. (15 marks) 2008 Q1 (A) Describe a competitive relationship and a co-operative relationship between two producers in the same line of business. Use appropriate examples to support your answer. (15 marks) 2016 Q1 (B) A legal contract can be terminated by performance, whereby parties to the contract fulfil their obligations as agreed. Outline three other methods for terminating a legal contract. (20 marks) 2013 Q1 (C) Illustrate your understanding of the following terms, in relation to a valid contract: agreement; legality of form; and consideration. (20 marks)


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2010 Q1 (C) In relation to the Law of Contract, illustrate your understanding of Capacity to Contract. (10 marks) 2009 Short Q (a) Explain the legal term ‘consideration’. (b) Outline two other elements of a legally binding contract. (10 marks) 2012 Q1 (B) A legal contract can be terminated by breach, frustration or agreement.

Illustrate your understanding of the underlined terms. (20 marks) 2015 Q1 (B) Illustrate your understanding of the term specific performance in relation to contract law. (10 marks)


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Chapter 2 – Consumer Conflict - Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980, Consumer Protection Act 2007 & National Consumer Agency (now the CCPC), Small Claims Court & Ombudsman for Public Services 2014 Q1 (C) Outline a consumer's legal rights under the terms of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980 with reference to any three of the following: (i) Merchantable Quality (ii) Guarantees (iii) Signs limiting consumer rights (iv) Unsolicited Goods 2011 Q1 (B) (i) Discuss the rights of consumers under the terms of the Sale of Goods and Supply of Services Act 1980. (ii) Illustrate two forms of redress available to consumers for breach of the Act. (30 marks) 2016 Q1 (C) Read the information supplied and answer the question The National Consumer Agency (NCA) now known as the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC), launched an investigation into the motor vehicle emissions scandal at the car manufacturer Volkswagen.

Evaluate the functions of the NCA (CCPC) with regard to protecting the interests of consumers. (20 marks) 2013 Q2 Short (a) What do the letters NCA stand for? (b) Outline two functions of the NCA. (10 marks) 2012 Q1 (C) Evaluate the role and functions of the National Consumer Agency (NCA) in protecting consumers. (20 marks) 2010 Q1 (B) Evaluate the role of each of the following in protecting consumers: ( i ) The Small Claims Court; ( i i ) The Office of the Ombudsman for Public Services. (20 marks)


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2013 Q1 (B) (i) Evaluate any two of the following legislative approaches to solving conflict: ( i ) Small Claims Court


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Chapter 3 – Industrial Relations Conflict - Pay Claims and Industrial Action, Non Legislative Resolution of Conflict ( including Trade Unions), Industrial Relations Act 1990, Labour Relations Commission & Labour Court, Unfair Dismissals Act 1977/2007, Employment Equality Act 1998 & Director Of Equality Tribunal 2011 Q1 (C) Describe how conflict between an employer and an employee could be resolved in a non-legislative manner. (15 marks) 2014 Q1 (A) (i) Outline three factors that can lead to industrial disputes in business. (ii) Discuss two types of official industrial action available to employees involved in an industrial dispute with their employers. (25 marks) 2015 Q9 Short Distinguish between primary picketing and secondary picketing as types of industrial action available to employees. 2016 Q2 Short (a) Define the term trade dispute. (b) Outline two types of official industrial action available to employees involved in an industrial dispute with employers. 2011 Q7 Short Outline two types of industrial action that employees could take in an attempt to get employers to meet their demands (10 marks) 2014 Q8 Short Outline two functions of the Labour Relations Commission 2008 Q1 (C) Evaluate the role of the Labour Court in dealing with industrial disputes. (20 marks) 2016 Q1 (A) (i) Outline two reasons for fair dismissal, as set out under the Unfair Dismissals Acts 1977-2007


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(ii) Explain the term constructive dismissal, providing an example to support your answer. (20 marks) 2013 Q7 Short Explain the term ‘Constructive Dismissal’ (10 marks) 2010 Q9 Short Outline three grounds for fair dismissal under the terms of Unfair Dismissals Act 1977/93 2012 Q1 (A) Outline the procedures an employer should follow under the Unfair Dismissals Acts of 1977-2007, before dismissing an employee. (20 marks) 2015 Q1 (C) The Director of the Equality Tribunal (previously known as the Director of Equality Investigations) published 22 decisions during September 2013 in areas of discrimination that included gender and disability. (i) Define employment discrimination as set out in the Employment Equality Act 1998. (ii) List three grounds other than gender and disability on which discrimination is outlawed under this Act. (iii) Evaluate the role of the Director of the Equality Tribunal in dealing with discrimination under this Act. (30 marks)


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Chapter 4 – Enterprise - Role; Characteristics/Skil ls; Intrapreneur; Importance 2016 Q4 (A) The Mayfair Hotel is a five-star city centre hotel which is celebrating 100 years in business. To celebrate this centenary, the management of the hotel is planning various events. The General Manager, Ann Johnson, has suggested organising staff into various project teams, with a project leader to plan for this centenary celebration. (A) Discuss how the hotel staff could apply entrepreneurial characteristics/skills to develop the various centenary events. (20 marks) 2015 Q10 Short Outline two methods of promoting intrapreneurship 2013 Q4 (A) EducaPrint Ltd is a business publishing schoolbooks in Ireland. John O’Leary, the Production Manager, suggested introducing some of its traditional print books in eBook format. He wanted to tap into the improvements in broadband speed and the major developments in mobile devices. The eBooks were launched onto the market in 2013 to great success. EducaPrint Ltd operated a matrix organisation structure for the development of the eBook products. ( i ) Explain the term ‘intrapreneurship’ ( i i ) Outline methods of promoting intrapreneurship in EducaPrint Ltd. (20 marks) 2012 Q1 Short Illustrate your understanding of the term enterprise. 2011 Q4 (A)

Colm has decided to form a tidy towns committee in his local village and enter the ‘tidiest village’ category of the National Tidy Towns competition in 2013. Discuss four entrepreneurial skills that Colm will require in developing this local community initiative. 2009 Q7 Short


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Illustrate the difference between ‘enterprise’ and ‘management’. 2008 Q1 Short (a) Intrapreneurship is: (b) State two examples of intrapreneurship


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Chapter 5, 6 & 7 – Management Skil ls (Leading, Motivating & Communicating) Leading 2014 Q7 Short (a) Name one leadership style. (b) Illustrate how a manager adopting this leadership style might manage the process of change in a business. 2012 Q4 Short Define the term delegation. Outline two benefits of delegation within a business 2012 Q4 (C) Outline two styles of leadership and illustrate how each of these styles may be appropriate in different business situations. (20 marks) 2009 Q4 (A) (i) Explain the term ‘delegation’. (ii) Describe the benefits of delegation for a manager.


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Motivating Read the information supplied and answer the question which follows. 3 Dimension Ltd offers competitive salaries to its employees and a benefits programme that includes healthcare insurance. It is committed to providing a safe and healthy work environment. Its holds weekly team meetings, enhancing the workers’ sense of belonging. It recognises and rewards staff achievement and provides opportunities for staff to develop new skills and experience new challenges.

2014 Q4 (C) Outline the different stages in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and illustrate how 3 Dimension Ltd applies this theory to motivate its employees. 2013 Q10 Short Outline two possible implications for a business if a manager adopts McGregor's Theory X approach to managing 2011 Q4 (B) (i) Explain Maslow’s Theory of Motivation. (ii) Illustrate how a manager could motivate workers by applying Maslow’s Theory in the workplace. 2009 Q4 (B) Analyse the implications for a business of a manager adopting a Theory X approach to managing. (20 marks)


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Communicating 2015 Q4 (A) Paul O’Brien is the Sales Manager with Water Solutions Ltd, a business which has recently developed a new water conservation product. Paul is due to make a presentation to the board of directors on the potential of this product. He will present the following projected sales data for the product for the next six months.

Month: July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sales in €: 50,000 60,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000

(i) Illustrate the above data by means of a bar chart or a line graph. (ii) Outline the principles Paul should consider to ensure he communicates his message effectively to the board of directors. (25 marks) 2014 Q4 (A) Describe the functions of the different meetings held by limited companies. (20 marks) 2014 Q4 (B) Outline how developments in technology have benefited business communications. (20 marks) 2012 Q4 (A) Illustrate the factors that a business needs to consider when communicating with its various stakeholders. (20 marks) 2012 Q4 (B) Distinguish between the duties of a chairperson and a secretary in the organising and running of an Annual General Meeting. (20 marks) 2011 Q3 Short Distinguish between two types of meetings which are common in a business. Outline two benefits of meetings as a method of communication.


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2009 Q4 (C) “There is often a legal requirement for members of the public to hand over their personal information to public bodies.”

Discuss the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1988 in relation to: (i) The Rights of Data Subjects (ii) The Obligations of Data Controllers.


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Chapter 8 – Management Activities (Planning, Organising & Controll ing) Planning 2016 Q4 (B) The Mayfair Hotel The Mayfair Hotel is a five-star city centre hotel which is celebrating 100 years in business. To celebrate this centenary, the management of the hotel is planning various events. The General Manager, Ann Johnson, has suggested organising staff into various project teams, with a project leader to plan for this centenary celebration. Evaluate how different types of planning contribute to business success. Relate your answer to the Mayfair Hotel, making any appropriate assumptions. (20 marks) 2013 Q4 (C) EducaPrint Ltd is a business publishing schoolbooks in Ireland. John O’Leary, the Production Manager, suggested introducing some of its traditional print books in eBook format. He wanted to tap into the improvements in broadband speed and the major developments in mobile devices. The eBooks were launched onto the market in 2013 to great success. EducaPrint Ltd operated a matrix organisation structure for the development of the eBook products.

Discuss the importance of the management activity of 'planning' for EducaPrint Ltd. (20 marks) 2010 Q4 (A) (i) What is meant by the term SWOT analysis? (ii) Conduct a SWOT analysis on a business of your choice. (Include two points under each heading) (20 marks) 2010 Q4 (B) Analyse the contributions that strategic and tactical planning can make to the successful management of a business. Use examples in your answer. (20 marks)


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Organising 2016 Q4 (C) (See previous page for blurb about Mayfair Hotel) Discuss the benefits and challenges for a business of developing a matrix organisation structure (team structure) to complete specific projects in a business. (20 marks) 2015 Q1 Short Explain the term span of control and outline a situation where a narrow span of control may be appropriate. 2015 Q4 (B) Outline the benefits to a business of a functional organisational structure. (15 marks) EducaPrint Ltd is a business publishing schoolbooks in Ireland. John O’Leary, the Production Manager, suggested introducing some of its traditional print books in eBook format. He wanted to tap into the improvements in broadband speed and the major developments in mobile devices. The eBooks were launched onto the market in 2013 to great success. EducaPrint Ltd operated a matrix organisation structure for the development of the eBook products.

2013 Q4 (B) Outline the benefits and challenges for EducaPrint Ltd of a matrix organisation structure (team structure) for the development of the eBook products. (20 marks) 2012 Q5 Short Outline two features of a matrix organisation structure 2011 Q4 Short Explain the term ‘span of control’. Outline two factors that affect the width of the span of control in a business 2010 Q4 (C) Discuss the benefits of a functional organisational structure in a business. (20 marks) Refer to the Chain of Command and Span of Control in your answer.


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Controll ing 2015 Q4 (C) Explain the methods a business could consider to minimise the risk of bad debts as part of its credit control system. (20 marks) 2011 Q4 (C) Describe how ‘stock control’ and ‘quality control’ achieve efficiencies in business. (20 marks)


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Chapter 9 - Human Resource Management (Function: Manpower Planning, Recruitment and Selection, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal, Pay and Rewards and Employer/Employee Relations) 2016 Q5 (A) SuperSave, a supermarket chain located in the south west, is considering updating its IT system to link all its stores and to modernise all its operations. It intends to implement a new Quality Assurance programme throughout all its stores. It is also considering a major recruitment campaign. Discuss the benefits of both internal and external recruitment for management positions for a business such as SuperSave. (20 marks) 2015 Q6 (B) Outline the benefits of performance appraisal for employees in a business. (15 marks) 2014 Q5 (A) Outline the stages in a ‘recruitment and selection’ process, using the following headings: (i) Internal and External Recruitment (ii) Job Description and Person Specification (iii) Job Interview. 2013 Q5 (B) Explain the different types of financial and non-financial rewards for employees in a business. (20 marks) 2011 ABQ (B) Evaluate the effectiveness of the Human Resource department at Clothes-4-Us Ltd. (30) 2010 Q5 (A) Performance appraisals are a valuable way to communicate with employees and may boost business productivity in difficult times. ( i ) Explain what is meant the term performance appraisal. ( i i ) Outline the benefits of performance appraisal for a business.


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Chapter 10 – Change - (Changing role of manager; Employee Empowerment; Teamwork; Total Quality Management; Impact of Technology; Strategies for Managing Change) 2016 Q5 (B) (See previous page for blurb on SuperSave) Analyse the impact of new technology on business costs and on business opportunities. Provide examples to support your answer. (20 marks) 2016 Q5 (C) (See previous page for blurb on SuperSave) (i) Explain the term quality assurance as part of Total Quality Management (TQM). (ii) Describe the benefits to a business of achieving a recognised quality mark standard. (20 marks) 2015 Q6 - Short Forming, storming, norming and performing are stages in team development.

Outline your understanding of storming and norming. 2012 Q6 (A) Discuss the benefits and risks of empowering employees within a business. (20 marks) 2011 – Short Q10 Outline 2 strategies management could use to help employees adapt to change. 2011 Q5 (A) Outline the benefits of teamwork for the employees in a business. (15 m) 2009 Q6 (A) Illustrate how the following developments in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) have impacted on business: (i) Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) (ii) The Internet and the World Wide Web (iii) Video-conferencing.


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2009 Q6 (B) Discuss the benefits of Total Quality Management ‘TQM’ to a manufacturing business. (20 marks)


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Chapter 11 – Accounting - (Ratio Analysis – Profitabil ity, Liquidity, Debt/Equity) 2015 Q3 - Short Using the figures below, calculate the Net Profit Percentage (Margin) of Auburn Publishing Ltd for 2014: Sales Gross Profit Expenses €50,000 €22,000 €12,000 (b) If the Net Profit Percentage for 2013 was 25%, outline how management could use this information in making decisions. 2014 Q5 (B) The following figures are taken from the final accounts of Flame Ltd for 2013. Flame Ltd 2013 € Authorised Share Capital 900,000 Issued Share Capital 450,000 Long Term Loan 200,000 Retained Earnings 150,000 (i) Explain the term 'Debt/Equity Ratio'. (ii) Calculate the Debt/Equity Ratio for 2013. Show your workings. (iii) Discuss the importance of the Debt/Equity Ratio when deciding on new sources of finance for Flame Ltd. (20 marks) 2013 Q3 - Short (a) Using the figures below calculate the Current Ratio for ‘Sentry Ltd’. Debtors €12,000 Bank Overdraft €20,000 Cash €15,000 Creditors €50,000 Closing Stock € 8,000 (b) Comment on the liquidity position of Sentry Ltd:


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2012 Q5 (B) The average performance of companies in the same industry as Bianua Ltd for 2011 is detailed in the table as follows: Industry Average Results 2011 ROI 11% Current Ratio 2:1 Acid Test Ratio 1.2:1 Debt/Equity Ratio 0.3:1 The following figures are taken from the final accounts of Bianua Ltd for 2011. Bianua Ltd figures for 2011 € Net Profit 50,000 Sales 975,000 Current Assets (including closing stock) 155,000 Long Term Loan 300,000 Ordinary Share Capital 500,000 Current Liabilities 85,000 Retained Earnings 100,000 Closing Stock 80,000 (i) Calculate the following for 2011 for Bianua Ltd:

• Return On Investment (ROI) • Current Ratio • Acid Test Ratio • Debt/Equity Ratio. (20 marks)

(ii) Analyse the profitability and liquidity of Bianua Ltd for 2011, with reference to the industry average results shown in the box above, and make recommendations for Bianua Ltd. (20 marks)


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2011 – Short Q2 (a) Explain the term ‘Return on Investment’ (ROI). (b) Using the figures below calculate the ROI for ‘Natural Options Ltd.’. (Show your workings.) Net Profit € 57,000 Ordinary Share Capital € 140,000 Reserves € 56,000 Long Term Loan € 24,000 2010 Q5 (B) From the figures given below for 2009 calculate the following for CES Ltd.: ( i ) Net profit margin; ( i i i ) Acid Test ratio; ( i i ) Current ratio; ( iv) Debt Equity ratio. Information for 2009 Sales €135,000 Net profit €33,750 Current Assets ( including closing stock) €84,500

Current Liabilities €65,000 Closing Stock €39,000 Ordinary Share Capital €300,000 Long Term Debt €192,000 Retained Earnings €20,000 RESULTS 2008 Net profit margin 32% Current ratio 2:1 Acid test ratio 1.1:1 Debt Equity Ratio 0.4:1


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2010 Q5 (C) Analyse the significance of the trends over the two years (2008/2009) for the following stakeholders: ( i ) Investors/shareholders; ( i i ) Suppliers; ( i i i ) Employees. 2009 Q5 (C) Using the figures given below calculate the Debt/Equity ratio of SES Ltd for the years 2006 and 2007 2006 2007 Long Term Loans 300,000 364,000 Ordinary Share Capital 450,000 450,000 Retained Earnings 50,000 70,000 Comment on the significance of the trend in the Debt/Equity ratio over the two years for the existing shareholders (20 marks)


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Chapter 12 – Insurance and Tax - (Insurance: Risk Management; Principles (Utmost Good Faith, Insurable Interest, Indemnity, Contribution, Subrogation; Premiums; Business vs Household. Tax: Household/Business types; Effects of Tax) 2015 Q2 - Short (a) What do the letters PAYE stand for? Write the answer in the space provided. (b) Outline two main features of the PAYE tax system: 2015 Q6 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow.

PRIVATE MOTOR INSURANCE PROPOSAL FORM DECLARATION

I/We declare to the best of my/our knowledge and belief that the information given on this form is true and complete in every respect. (i) Outline the function of an insurance proposal form. (ii) Explain the principle of insurance, referred to in the extract from the above private motor insurance proposal form. (iii) Outline two other principles of insurance that apply to insurance contracts. (20 marks) 2014 Q5 (C) Explain what it means to be ‘underinsured’ and outline one possible effect of being underinsured on a business. (15 marks)


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2013 Q5 (A) Calculate Audrey Stapleton’s net monthly take-home pay. Audrey Stapleton is an employee at BAT Resources Ltd and earns a gross annual salary of €78,000. Her employer provides her with a holiday voucher worth €2,000. This is treated as a benefit-in-kind for tax purposes and is taxed accordingly.

The standard rate band for a single taxpayer is €32,800. (This means that the first €32,800 is taxed at the 20% standard tax rate, and the remainder is taxed at the higher tax rate of 41%.)

Audrey has the following tax credits: Single Person Tax Credit €1,650, PAYE Tax Credit €1,650 and Rent Tax Credit €320.

The Universal Social Charge (USC) rates on Audrey’s gross income are 2% on the first €10,036, 4% on the next €5,980 and 7% on the balance of her gross income. Audrey pays employee PRSI at 4% of her gross income.

2012 Q3 - Short Explain the difference between the terms tax rates and tax credits. 2012 Q5 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow. Bianua Ltd, a medium size company, operating in the agrifood sector, supplies quality prepared food products in Ireland and in the UK market. Draft a business letter from EXON Insurance PLC to Bianua Ltd, using today’s date, identifying the possible business risks and the appropriate types of insurance for Bianua Ltd. Use fictitious names and addresses. (20 marks) 2011 Q5 (B) Pay As You Earn (PAYE), Value Added Tax (VAT), and Corporation Tax are examples of taxes relevant to a business.

1. (i) Explain each tax underlined above. 2. (ii) Evaluate the implications of each tax for a business. (25 marks)

2011 Q5 (C) (i) Illustrate your understanding of the term ‘risk management’. (ii) Describe three methods a manager might consider to minimise risk within a business. (20 marks)


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2010 – Short Q7 Illustrate the difference between the insurance principles ‘Insurable Interest’ and ‘Indemnity’. 2010 – Short Q10 From the following figures calculate the net pay of Hazel Dunne. Gross Pay €50,000 Tax Credits €6,000 Standard Tax Rate 20% Higher Tax Rate 41% Cut-off Point €36,400 State two tax credits a person may be entitled to. 2009 – Short Q1 Distinguish between the following taxation forms: Form P45 and Form P60. 2009 – Short Q3 Distinguish between ‘Public Liability’ and ‘Fidelity Guarantee’ as types of insurance.


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Chapter 13 – Finance - (Budgeting/Cash Flow Forecasts; Sources of Finance – Short, Medium and Long Term; Qualifying for a Loan; Business vs Household)

2015 Q6 (C) (i) Explain the reasons Amrod Ltd would prepare a cash flow forecast. (ii) Calculate the figures represented by the letters A, B and C on the cash flow forecast. (Show your workings in your answer book.) (iii) Explain how Amrod Ltd might deal with the financial problem identified in this cash flow forecast. (25 marks) 2014 Q6 (C) (i) Explain the term ‘short-term finance’ (ii) Outline two sources of short-term finance Sarah may consider to meet her working capital needs. (20 marks) 2013 Q5 (C) ( i ) Outline two reasons why a household should prepare a cash flow forecast. ( i i ) Illustrate how a household can overcome cash flow problems. (20 marks) 2010 Q6 (C) ( i ) Discuss the factors that should be considered when choosing between different sources of finance. ( i i ) Analyse two appropriate sources of finance for acquiring an additional delivery van at ‘Marie’s Pizzas’. (30 marks)

Cash Flow Forecast for Amrod Ltd for the 4th Quarter of 2015

October €

November €

December € Total €

Total Receipts 70,000 180,000 90,000 340,000 Total Payments 100,000 165,000 120,000 385,000 Net Cash -30,000 15,000 B -45,000 Opening Cash 20,000 A 5,000 C Closing Cash -10,000 5,000 -25,000 -25,000


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2009 Q6 (C) “Cash Flow is the lifeblood of any business and its management is critical to business survival.” In September 2008, Buttercup Garden Centre prepared the following Cash Flow Forecast.

Cash Flow Forecast of Buttercup Garden Centre

October November December Total € € € Receipts Cash Sales 12,500 9,500 10,000 32,000 Credit Sales 2,000 1,500 3,500 7,000 Total Receipts 14,500 11,000 13,500 39,000 Payments Cash Purchases 1,000 2,500 4,000 7,500 Credit Purchases 5,000 2,000 1,000 8,000 Wages 6,000 6,000 7,500 19,500 Equipment 12,000 - - 12,000 Total Payments 24,000 10,500 12,500 47,000 Net Cash (9,500) 500 1,000 (8,000) Opening Cash 3,000 (6,500) (6,000) 3000 Closing Cash (6,500) (6,000) (5,000) (5,000) (i) Explain the benefits to Buttercup Garden Centre of preparing a Cash Flow Forecast. (ii) Based on the information provided above, outline how Buttercup Garden Centre could improve the Cash Flow position of its business. (20 marks)


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Chapter 14 – Business Ideas - (Internal/External Sources; New Product Development) 2016 Q6 (A) Outline the reasons why businesses engage in prototype development. (15marks) 2015 Q5 (B) Feasibility Study, Test Marketing, Product Screening and Prototype Development are stages in the new Product Development Process. (i) List the four stages above in the correct order. (ii) Outline your understanding of any three of these stages. (20 marks) 2014 Q4 – Short Column1 Business Terms

Column 2 Explanations

1. Idea Generation A. It involves developing a sample or 'mock-up' of a product.

2. Concept Development B. Brainstorming is one of the methods used.

3. Product Launch C. Is carried out to assess if a product has profit potential.

4. Prototype Development D. The product is made available to the market. 5. Feasibility Study E. Unworkable ideas are dropped. F. A unique selling point (USP) is identified.

2013 Q6 (A) Google’s ‘20 Percent Time’ strategy gives engineers time and space to work on their own projects. Outline the internal and external sources of new product ideas for technology companies like Google. (20 marks)


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2012 Q6 (B) “The process of introducing new products on a consistent basis is important to the future success of businesses.” Idea Generation and Feasibility Study are important stages before a new product or service is launched onto the market. Discuss the stages underlined above, referring to a product or service of your choice. (20 marks) 2011 Q6 (C) Outline internal and external sources of product innovation for Kilronan Ltd. (20 marks) 2010 – Short Q2 Distinguish between ‘Prototype Development’ and ‘Test Marketing’ as stages in the development process of a new product. 2009 Q7 (A)

Olympian Ltd is a company that produces a range of high quality branded sportswear. Following a lengthy market research process, the firm is now expanding its business to include a new range of Hoodie Tracksuits, aimed at the teenage market. Outline the stages involved in the development process of the new range of Hoodie Tracksuits. (20 marks)


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Chapter 15 – Business Start Up - (Organisational Options; Production Options (Job, Batch, Mass); Finance Options; Business Plan) 2015 Q5 (C) Read the information supplied and answer the question which follows. Having been made redundant, Lia O’Brien has decided to set up her own enterprise manufacturing individually designed disposable tableware and paper cups for small coffee shops and restaurants. She recognises, however, that having an idea and having the will to succeed will not be enough to ensure success.

Discuss the key issues Lia will have to address before setting up her business enterprise. (15 marks) 2014 Q6 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow. Sarah Fleming is a wedding dress designer and has worked for over 20 years in the bridal and clothing industry. She specialises in creating unique wedding dresses with an emphasis on personal service. Business is good and Sarah has applied for a bank loan of €10,000 to finance expansion.

(i) Name the type of production process used by Sarah. (ii) Outline two challenges for Sarah of this type of production process. (iii) Discuss two implications for Sarah of changing to another type of production process. (25 marks) 2014 Q6 (B) Outline three factors that Sarah’s bank may consider when assessing her bank loan application. (15 marks) 2014 Q7 (C) Discuss three challenges facing business start-ups. (15 marks)


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2012 Q6 (C) Read the information supplied below and answer the questions which follow. Zac Computing Ltd, an innovative new technology business, considers its business plan to be an essential document in the context of a business start-up and future growth. (i) Explain the term “business plan”. (ii) Evaluate the importance of a business plan to an innovative new technology business. (20 marks) 2011 Q7 (A) Discuss two possible challenges associated with starting a new business. (10 marks) 2010 Q6 (B) Outline two benefits to ‘Marie’s Pizzas’ of preparing a business plan. (10 marks) 2009 – Short Q9 Contrast ‘job production’ and ‘batch production’, giving one appropriate example in each case.


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Chapter 16 – Marketing #1 - (Market Research (Desk & Field); Market Segmentation; Product (4Ps) – Own brand, brand name, product design, packaging, Product Life Cycle; Price (4Ps) – Factors, Strategies, Break-Even Charts) 2016 Q6 (B & C) Medron plc has supplied the following financial information for the new medical device: Forecast Output (Sales) 60,000 units Selling Price per unit €30 Fixed Costs €400,000 Variable Costs per unit €20 (B) Illustrate the following by means of a breakeven chart: (i) Breakeven point (ii) Margin of safety at the forecast output (iii) Profit at forecast output. (25 marks) (C) Following a review of costs, Medron plc decreased its variable costs per unit to €10. (i) Calculate the new breakeven point and illustrate on your breakeven chart the new total cost line (TC2) and the new breakeven point (BE2). (ii) Outline one limitation of a breakeven analysis when making business decisions. (20 marks) 2016 Q7 (A) Stitch Express is a business set up by Alex Dunne originally offering clothing alterations, dress restyling and repairs. The business has grown and Alex believes it is time to update his marketing strategy. Following market research, Alex introduced a dry cleaning service. There are a few competitors in the market, so Alex decided to review his pricing and promotion policies. Alex believes he will need to rebrand the business, as a result of introducing the dry cleaning service. (i) Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using secondary (desk) research techniques for collecting information on a market. (ii) Illustrate one source of desk research and one source of field research that Stitch Express might use, giving a reason for your answer in each case.


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2016 Q7 (C) Discuss the benefits of branding as a marketing tool for business, providing examples to support your answer from Stitch Express (20 marks) 2015 Q5 (A) (i) Draft and label a product life cycle. (ii) Describe one characteristic of each stage of the product life cycle with reference to a product of your choice. (25 marks) 2015 Q7 (C) (i) Define the term market segmentation (ii) Illustrate two methods a business could consider to segment its market. (15 marks) 2014 Q10 – Short The following information is supplied by Canon Ltd. - Forecasted Output (Sales) 60,000 units - Fixed Costs €48,000 - Selling price per unit €5 - Variable Costs per unit €2 Using the information provided calculate the following: (a) Total Revenue at forecasted output (b) Total Costs of production at forecasted output (c) Profit at forecasted output (d) Breakeven point (BEP) in units 2013 Q6 – Short In break-even analysis a distinction is made between ‘Fixed Costs’ and ‘Variable Costs’. Explain these terms, and give one example in each case. 2013 Q7 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow. An Irish company, 'All-Weather Wellies Ltd' identified a niche market for colourful wellington boots of all sizes. The wellington boots are sold mainly on-line to people who enjoy the 'great outdoors' and festival-goers. The company wishes to expand and add accessories, such as, umbrellas, scarves and hats to the product range.


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Outline the market research techniques available to 'All-Weather Wellies Ltd' for developing its product range. (20 marks) 2013 Q7 (B) ( i ) Explain the term ‘market segmentation’ with reference to ‘All-Weather Wellies Ltd’. ( i i ) Discuss the reasons why the marketing department of ‘All-Weather Wellies Ltd’ might engage in market segmentation. (20 marks) 2013 Q7 (C) Outline the factors a marketing manager might consider in determining the selling price of products at ‘All-Weather Wellies Ltd’. (20 marks) 2012 Q10 – Short Answer the following questions in the Answer Box below.

( i ) Break-even point (BEP) in units and in euros ( i i ) TheProfit at Forecast Sales (15,000 units) in euros. ( i i i ) Explain the term Margin of Safety. 2012 Q7 (B) Within the product element of the marketing mix, evaluate “product design” and “product packaging.” (20 marks) 2011 – Short Q1

(a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘Own - brand products’. (b) Outline two reasons why retailers use ‘Own - brand products’ 2011 Q7 (B) (i) Draw and label the ‘product life cycle’ diagram. (ii) Illustrate the methods a business could use to extend a product’s life cycle. (25 marks)


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2011 Q7 (C) As part of its feasibility study for a new product, Moore Ltd supplies the following financial information: Forecast Output (Sales) 40,000 units

Selling Price per unit €20

Fixed Costs €300,000

Variable Cost per unit €10 (i) Illustrate by means of a breakeven chart the following: (a) The Breakeven Point; (b) Profit at forecast output; (c) The Margin of Safety at forecast output. (ii) Outline one other function of a feasibility study for Moore Ltd. (25 marks) 2010 – Short Q6 Study the break-even chart below and answer the following questions: ( i ) Break-even point (BEP) in units and in euros ( i i ) The Profit at Forecast Sales (10,000units) in euros. ( i i i ) Margin of safety (MOS) in units. 2010 Q7 (A) Companies which invest in marketing in downtimes benefit more when market conditions begin to pick up. Discuss the reasons why businesses carry out market research. (15 marks) 2010 Q7 (C) ‘Many businesses spend large sums of money developing a brand name’. Illustrate the benefits of branding for the business and the consumer. (25 marks) 2009 – Short Q4


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Explain the terms ‘desk research’ and ‘field research’. Use one example of each to support your answer. 2009 Q7 (B) (i) Explain the term ‘market segmentation’, illustrating your answer with reference to Olympian Ltd. (ii) Outline two benefits to Olympian Ltd of segmenting the market. (20 marks) 2009 Q7 (C) Describe the factors that the Marketing Manager of Olympian Ltd should consider when deciding on the selling price of their new range of Hoodie Tracksuits. (20 marks)


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Chapter 17 – Marketing #2 - (Promotion (4Ps) – Advertising, Sales Promotions, Personal Sell ing, Public Relations; Place (4Ps) – Channels of Distribution, Choosing a Location) 2016 Q7 (B) Stitch Express is a business set up by Alex Dunne originally offering clothing alterations, dress restyling and repairs. The business has grown and Alex believes it is time to update his marketing strategy. Following market research, Alex introduced a dry cleaning service. There are a few competitors in the market, so Alex decided to review his pricing and promotion policies. Alex believes he will need to rebrand the business, as a result of introducing the dry cleaning service. Evaluate the effectiveness of sales promotion techniques Alex could consider to boost sales. (15 marks) 2015 Q7 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the question which follows. Kurve Ltd provides broadband, phone and television services to homes in the Irish market. In January 2015 it launched its new digital television service ‘VISION’, providing different bundles of channels at different prices. It charges a reduced subscription for the first six months to new customers. Orders can be placed directly online. The business operates in a highly competitive market and plans to increase its sales revenues by 20 % over the next two years.

Explain the product, price and place elements of the marketing mix. Relate your explanations to Kurve Ltd. (25 marks) 2015 Q7 (B) (i) Explain the term Public Relations (PR) (ii) Discuss methods a business could consider to generate good Public Relations (20 marks) 2014 Q7 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow. Maria Noone is the entrepreneur who owns Sensible Foods Ltd. This new company intends to manufacture a range of low calorie confectionery


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products. Initially consumers will be tempted by special offers. There will also be frequent coverage on national and local radio. Goodbuys, a leading supermarket chain, has agreed to stock the range, while wholesalers will distribute them to small independent shops.

Evaluate the role of advertising and sales promotion as elements of the promotional mix at Sensible Foods Ltd. (25 marks) 2014 Q7 (B) (i) Describe two factors Sensible Foods Ltd should consider when choosing a suitable channel of distribution for its products. (ii) Outline one positive and one negative implication for Sensible Foods Ltd of using a leading supermarket chain such as Goodbuys to sell its products. (20 marks) 2012 Q7 (A) Outline the factors a business should consider when choosing a suitable Channel of Distribution. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. (20 marks) 2010 Q7 (B) Evaluate ‘Sales Promotion’ and ‘Public Relations’ as forms of promotion. (20 marks)


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Chapter 18 – Expansion - (Strategies - Organic and Inorganic Growth; Reasons – Offensive, Defensive, Psychological; Finance for Expansion; Short and Long Term Implications) 2015 – Q5 Short Illustrate the difference between a merger and a strategic alliance. 2014 Q9 – Short Illustrate the difference between a ‘strategic alliance’ and a ‘takeover’ as methods of business expansion. 2013 Q6 (B) ‘For a business to survive it needs to grow and expand.'

Evaluate two methods of business expansion. (20 marks) 2013 Q6 (C) Discuss the short-term and long-term implications of business expansion using the following headings: Organisation Structure; Product mix; Profitability; Employment. (20 marks) 2012 Q7 - Short Distinguish between a merger and a franchise as methods of business expansion. 2012 Q7 (C) Read the information supplied below and answer the question which follows. SuperToys Ltd, a large retail chain with 45 shops throughout Ireland, had sales of €100 million in 2011. It has just commissioned a firm to design and manufacture a new range of soft toys for babies. These will be available for sale in its shops from Summer 2013. SuperToys Ltd plans to open its first shop in the UK in 2014. Discuss the possible reasons for business expansion and growth at SuperToys Ltd. (20 marks)


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2011 Q6 (A) Read the information supplied and answer the questions which follow. Kilronan Ltd produces a range of chilled food products. Made from natural ingredients, the firm’s award winning products have become household names. It is now one of the leading brands in Ireland and supplies all the major supermarket chains. Kilronan Ltd is considering either a ‘merger’ or a ‘takeover’ as a method of expansion within the Irish market. It is also considering how it will finance growth. (i) Illustrate the difference between a merger and a takeover as methods of business expansion. (ii) Discuss the benefits and risks of a merger as a method of expansion for Kilronan Ltd. (25 marks) 2011 Q6 (B) Distinguish between debt capital and equity capital as sources of finance for the expansion of Kilronan Ltd. (15 marks) 2010 Q6 (A) Read the information supplied below and answer the questions which follow. Marie Nolan is the owner of ‘Marie’s Pizzas’ a successful pizza restaurant with a home- delivery service. Demand for take-aways has increased, as more people are eating at home due to the economic downturn. Marie is planning on expanding her business through franchising and her accountant recommends that a business plan should be prepared before going ahead.

Evaluate franchising (benefits and risks) as a method of expansion for the Pizza business. (20 marks) 2009 Q5 (A) (i) Explain the term ‘business alliance’. (ii) Illustrate the advantages of an alliance as a form of business expansion. (20 marks) 2009 Q5 (B) Evaluate Debt and Equity Capital as sources of finance for business expansion. (20 marks)


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Chapter 19 - Business Organisations - (Sole Trader, Partnership, Private Limited Company (Ltd), Public Limited Company (PLC), Co-operative, State-Owned Enterprise, Franchise, All iance, Transnational Companies, Indigenous Firms; Changing organizational structures/trends) 2016 Q2 (B) Analyse the benefits and drawbacks of franchising as a business start-up option for a potential franchisee. (20 marks) 2015 Short – Q8 Column 1 – Business Organisations Column 2 – Explanations 1. Public Limited Company (PLC) A. Has unlimited liability.

2. Franchise

B. Is owned by between two and twenty people generally, and is common in professions such as the accountancy and the legal professions.

3. Co-operative C. Owned, financed and controlled by the Government.

4. Sole Trader D. A licence granted by a business to another to sell its products or services in return for a fee.

5. State-owned enterprise E. Shares are quoted/traded on the Stock Exchange.

F. Democratically controlled and jointly owned by its members.

2015 Q2 (A) Outline the advantages of a private limited company as a form of business ownership for a start-up business. (20 marks) 2014 Q2 (A) Outline the opportunities and challenges for the Irish economy of the privatisation of state owned enterprises. (20 marks) 2014 Q2 (B) ‘There are currently over 315 active franchise systems in Ireland, employing more than 42,000 people.' (The Irish Franchise Association, 2013)


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Outline the reasons why a person who wishes to open a business might choose the franchise model of business. (20 marks) 2013 Q1 - Short Outline two characteristics of a private limited company 2013 Q2 (A) Choosing the most appropriate type of business structure is very important when setting up a business.

Discuss the opportunities and challenges of Partnership as a form of business ownership. (20 marks) 2012 Q2 (A) “Choosing an appropriate business structure is a key element of a business plan.” Discuss Co-operatives and Private Limited Companies as forms of business ownership, using the following headings: Formation; Liability; Finance; Control (25 marks) 2011 Q2 (B) Describe the steps involved in the formation of a ‘Private Limited Company’. (20 marks) 2010 Q1 – Short (a) Illustrate your understanding of the term ‘Indigenous firm’. (b) State two benefits of promoting the development of ‘Indigenous firms’ for the Irish economy. 2010 Q2 (B) Outline the reasons why a business may change its organisational structure from a ‘Sole Trader’ to a ‘Private Limited Company’. (20 marks) 2009 Q2 (A) Evaluate ‘franchising’ as a form of business ownership for a new enterprise. (20 marks)


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Chapter 20 – Categories of Industry - (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary – importance and trends) 2015 Short – Q4

Sentence True/ False

1. Factors of production refer to the resources required for the generation of goods and services.

2. The secondary sector refers to the construction and manufacturing industries.

3. Service industries manufacture physical products for sale to consumers.

4. Industries such as agriculture, fishing and forestry are based on a country’s natural resources.

5. Indigenous firms are foreign owned firms located in Ireland. 2013 Q2 (C) Discuss current trends affecting businesses in the services sector of the Irish economy. Provide examples to support your answer. (20 marks) 2012 Q8 – Short (a) Define the term primary sector. (b) Outline two current trends affecting this sector in Ireland: 2009 Q6 – Short Define the ‘secondary sector’ and outline two current trends affecting this sector in Ireland.


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Chapter 21 – Business, the Economy and Government - (Impact of Economic Variables – Inflation, Interest Rates, Unemployment, Exchange Rates, Taxation; Impact of Business; Governments Role/Regulation/Labour Force) 2016 Q2 (A) In the Government’s Budget 2016, the national minimum wage was increased from €8.65 to €9.15, an increase of 50 cent per hour.

Discuss the different ways in which the Irish Government affects the labour force in Ireland. (20 marks) 2015 Short – Q7 (a) Explain the term exchange rate. (b) Describe two possible risks which exchange rates could present for businesses in Ireland 2015 Q2 (B) Discuss the economic effects on the Irish economy of the growth in employment in recent times. (20 marks) 2014 Q5 - Short (a) Explain the term ‘interest rate’. (b) Outline two possible economic impacts of low interest rates for Irish businesses. 2013 Q8 - Short Column 1 - Terms Column 2 - Explanations

1. Exchange Rate A. The increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy from one year to the next.

2. Interest Rate B. Is measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI). 3. Taxation C. Is measured by the live register. 4. Economic Growth D. Can be progressive or regressive.

5. Inflation E. The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency.

F. The cost of borrowing money.


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2013 Q2 (B) Outline the role of the Irish Government in encouraging and in regulating business in Ireland. (20 marks) 2012 Q2 (B) Outline how the Irish Government’s policy of increased taxation and decreased public expenditure is impacting on business. (20 marks) 2011 Q6 – Short Outline two ways the Government could encourage business activity in Ireland. 2011 Q2 (A) The unemployment rate in the Irish Labour market increased from 4.3% in January 2005 to 14.7% in March 2011. Discuss the effects of increasing unemployment on the Irish economy. (20 marks) 2010 Q2 (C) Discuss the different ways in which the Irish Government affects the labour force in Ireland. (20 marks) 2009 Q2 (C) Discuss how the Irish Government could use the tax system to create a positive climate for business in Ireland. Use examples to illustrate your answer. (20 marks)


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Chapter 22 – Community Development - (Importance; Organisations) 2014 Q2 (C) Discuss the current role of the Industrial Development Authority (IDA Ireland) and Enterprise Ireland in the development of the Irish economy. (20 marks) 2011 Q2 (C) (i) Explain the term ‘Community Development’. (ii) Evaluate the services provided by ‘County and City Enterprise Boards’ (CEBs). (20 marks) 2009 Q5 – Short (a) Explain the term ‘Community Development’. (b) Describe two benefits of community development.


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Chapter 23 – Social Responsibil ity - (Investors/Employees /Suppliers/Customers/Government/Local Communities; Business Ethics; The Environment; Effects on Costs and Revenues) 2016 Q2 (C) Corporate Social Responsibility refers to how businesses interact with their stakeholders on a daily basis including investors, employees, suppliers, customers, and government. Discuss the social responsibilities of a business to any four stakeholders referred to above. (20 marks) 2015 Q2 (C) Protecting and managing Ireland's environment is a shared responsibility. It involves Government and public bodies; businesses and industry; as well as members of the public, working in partnership.” Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Discuss how a business could operate in an environmentally conscious way. (20 marks) 2012 Q2 (C) (i) Define the term ‘Business Ethics’. (ii) Outline how ethical behavior in business can be encouraged. (15marks) 2010 Q3 – Short (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘Exchange rate’. (b) Outline two impacts on Irish Exporters to the UK market, if the euro (€) increases in value relative to the UK pound sterling (£). 2010 Q2 (A) Illustrate the characteristics of an environmentally conscious business. (20 marks) 2009 Q2 (B) “Business is not only about doing things right, it is also about doing the right things.”

Discuss the social responsibilities that a business has to its various stakeholders. (20 marks)


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Chapter 24 – International Trade - (Exports and Imports - Visible and Invisible; Balance of Trade/Balance of Payments; Why Countries Trade; Barriers to Trade; Opportunites/Challenges in changing economy; ICT in trade; Government help for Irish Exporters) 2016 Q3 (A) It’s time to stop relying on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) – and grow our own indigenous businesses instead. Source: Sunday Independent, November 2015 To what extent do you agree with the above statement? Outline reasons for your answer. (20 marks) 2016 Q3 (C) Explain the following international trade terms. (i) Open economy (ii) Trading bloc (iii) Protectionism (iv) Deregulation 2014 Q3 - Short “The goal of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is to reduce protectionism and allow free trade.” Illustrate your understanding of the underlined term. 2013 Q3 (A) Balance of Trade Balance of Invisible Trade €m €m Quarter 2, 2012 10,004 (6,769) deficit Quarter 2, 2011 9,660 (9,192) (i) Explain the terms ‘Balance of Trade’ and ‘Balance of Payments’. (ii) Calculate the Balance of Payments figures for both years from the above data. (iii) Illustrate what is meant by the term ‘invisible exports’ with reference to the Irish economy. (20 marks) 2013 Q3 (B) Discuss the opportunities and challenges for large indigenous companies, such as Kerry Group plc, in exporting to non EU countries. (20 marks)


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2012 Q9 – Short Illustrate your understanding of the term Trading Bloc. 2012 Q3 (B) “Protectionism is a Government policy of placing barriers on free trade.” Describe, using examples, barriers to free trade between countries. (20 marks) 2011 Q5 – Short (a) Illustrate what is meant by the term ‘invisible imports’, with reference to the Irish economy. (b) Using the following data, calculate (i) Balance of Trade (ii) Balance of Payments. Visible Exports €50bn

Invisible Imports €40bn

Visible Imports €30bn

Invisible Exports €35bn

State in each case whether it is a surplus or deficit. (Show your workings.) 2011 Q3 (A) A significant improvement in export performance is critical to the recovery of the Irish economy. Discuss how the changing nature of the international economy affects Irish exporters. (20 marks) 2010 Q8 - Short Distinguish between a Quota and a Tariff as barriers to free trade between countries. 2010 Q3 (A) Ireland is ranked the third most globalised nation behind Singapore and Hong Kong. ( i ) Illustrate your understanding of the terms, ‘Balance of Trade’ and ‘Balance of Payments’. (ii) Explain what is meant by the term ‘Open Economy’. (20 marks)


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Chapter 25 – European Union - (EU Institutions – Commission, Parliament, Council, Court of Auditors, Court of Justice, European Council; Decision Making; Interest Groups; Directives/Regulations; Policies – CAP, CFP, EU Social Charter, Competition Policy, Single European Market (SEM); The Euro) 2015 Q3 (C) Examples of an EU Directive and a Regulation affecting Ireland Waste Framework Directive, 2008/98/EC, requires member states to adopt waste management plans and waste prevention programmes. Regulation (EU) No.1169/2011, which came into effect on December 14th 2014, includes new requirements for the way in which allergen information must be displayed in restaurants, delis, canteens, takeaways, cafés and retail outlets. Outline how EU directives and regulations are formulated and implemented. (20 marks) 2014 Q3 (B) Describe the legislative process within the European Union. (20 marks) 2014 Q3 (C) Evaluate the impact that any two of the following EU policies have on Irish businesses: (i) European Monetary Union (EMU) (ii) European Union Competition Policy (iii) European Social Charter. (20 marks) 2013 Q9 - Short Distinguish between a ‘Directive’ and a ‘Regulation’ as legislative instruments within the EU. 2013 Q3 (C) Ireland’s Presidency of the Council of the European Union is an opportunity to play an active part in shaping Europe's future.

Discuss the benefits for the Irish economy of on-going membership of the EU. (20 marks) 2012 Q3 (C)


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Discuss the role of the Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers) and the European Commission in the (EU) decision making process. (20 marks) 2011 Q3 (C) Evaluate the role of ‘special interest groups’ in the decision making process of the European Union (EU). Use examples to support your answer. (15 marks) 2010 Q4 - Short Column 1 – Terms Column 2 – Explanations 1. European Parliament A. Draws up proposals for new EU law.

2. European Commission B. Most important decision-making body in the EU.

3. European Court of Justice C. Ensures the EU budget is spent efficiently.

4. Courtof Auditors D. Is responsible for ensuring the correct interpretation and application of EU laws by member states.

5. Council of the European Union (Council of Ministers)

E. Is responsible for managing the euro currency and the EUs monetary policy.

F. Directly elected by EU citizens. 2010 Q3 (C) Discuss the importance for Ireland of any two of the following EU policies: ( i ) Competition Policy; ( i i ) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP); ( i i i ) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). (20 marks) 2009 Q10 – Short (a) Explain the role of the Council of Ministers in EU decision-making. (b) Name two other EU decision-making institutions. 2009 Q3 (A) “The EU is less than half the size of the United States, but its population is over 50% larger. In fact the EU population is the world’s third largest, after China and India.” Evaluate the opportunities and challenges for Irish business in the EU Market. (30 marks)


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Chapter 26 – Global Business - (Transnational Companies; Global Companies; Global Marketing (4Ps)) 2016 Q3 (B) Discuss the marketing challenges an Irish business may face when trading globally, providing examples to support your answer. (20 marks) 2015 Q3 (A) Discuss reasons why multinational companies (MNCs) may choose to locate in Ireland. Provide examples to support your answer. (20 marks) 2015 Q3 (B) Illustrate your understanding of the terms standardised marketing mix and adapted marketing mix in relation to global marketing. (20 marks) 2014 Q3 (A) (i) Explain the term ‘global business’. (ii) Discuss the effects of ‘globalisation’ on the Irish economy. Provide examples to illustrate your answer. (20 marks) 2012 Q3 (A) “Globalisation refers to the increasing interdependence of the world’s economies.” Outline four developments in technology that have facilitated the growth in globalisation. (20 marks) 2011 Q3 (B) Illustrate how foreign transnationals (i.e. foreign direct investment (FDI) companies) have impacted on the Irish Economy. (25 marks) 2010 Q3 (B) Analyse how the changing trends in the international economy have impacted on Irish businesses. (20 marks) 2009 Q3 (B) (i) Explain the term ‘global marketing’ and name two global businesses. (ii) “A business involved in global markets faces additional marketing challenges.” Discuss these challenges, using examples to support your answer. (30 marks)

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