The Brain Structures and Functions
description
Transcript of The Brain Structures and Functions
![Page 1: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
THE BRAINSTRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS
![Page 2: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
To learn features and functions of CNS
To understand the brain structure and function and how it relates to animal behavior.
OBJECTIVES
![Page 3: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 5: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
BRAIN LOBES
![Page 7: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CORPUS CALLOSUM
Deep bridge of nerve fibers
Connects L and R brain
Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood
![Page 8: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Largest part of brainContains many folds and bumbs
Sulci vs. gyriCorpus callosum is found b/t the L
and R Responsible for reasoning,
intellectual fxn and critical thinking
CEREBRUM
![Page 9: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain
Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS
Memory, attn, thought processes, language
CEREBRAL CORTEX
![Page 10: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What is the benefit of all the bumps and grooves??
![Page 11: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CEREBELLUM
Regulates balancebody positionPostureMuscle coordination
![Page 12: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MEDULLA OBLONGATA
Vital Reflex centerVisceral activities: blood pressure, respiratory
cardiac
Part of the brain stem
Injuries often fatal
![Page 13: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PONS
b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata
Regulates rate and depth of breathing
Homeostatic mechanisms
![Page 14: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
NEURON:BASIC UNIT OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
![Page 15: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ANIMAL BEHAVIOR
Behavior: an action or series of
actions performed by an organism in response to a stimulus
Response: The organism response
to the stimulus –(action or agent that causes or changes activity of organism) Noise frightens Bacteria causes an
immune response
![Page 16: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HOW DOES THE BODY RESPOND?
Sensory systems gather information about the environment
The info will trigger responses to the nervous system which a produces a response
![Page 17: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CUCKOO BEHAVIOR
European cuckoos exhibit brood parasitism Female lays eggs in a nest
of another bird Once the eggs hatch, it
reacts to any other object in the nest by pushing it out…thus it receives all the parental care from the surrogate parents
Soon, it becomes larger than the parent that is trying to fee it.
![Page 18: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR( INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL)
Genes (Nature)
May increase the likelihood that an organism will display a behavior
Tongue rolling, nocturnal activity, aggressiveness
Environment (Nurture)
Helps to determine what traits are displayed
![Page 19: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Natural selectionTraits are favored
that increase an individual’s reproductive success.
Over time, those beneficial traits become more and more common in the population
LionsMale lions will kill
all lion cubs after taking over a tribe.
Why?
EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR
![Page 20: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Innate Learned behavior
![Page 21: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ANIMAL BEHAVIORSBehavioral Cycles( responds to natural cyc les )
Social Behavior(Interactions with others thru)
Competition And
Aggression
Communication(Depends on senses)
SeasonalEx: Migration
DailyEx: Circadian rhythms
1. Courtship2. Building
homes3. Hunting4. Protection5. Fighting
rivals
Claim or protect territory
1. Visual signals
2. Chemical signals
3. Sound4. language
![Page 22: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Foraging Behavior
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: SURVIVOR
![Page 23: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sight
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: COMMUNICATION
![Page 24: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
![Page 25: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LABEL THE NEURON BELOWMYELIN, NUCLEUS, DENDRITE, AXON TERMINAL, SHWANN CELL , SOMA,
NODES OF RANVIER
1
5
43
26
7
![Page 26: The Brain Structures and Functions](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081512/56816611550346895dd95720/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1. Medulla oblongata located here.2. Regulates balance3. Cerebral cortex is located here4. Capacity for intellectual function resides here5. Breathing rate is regulated here6. Has folded layers with bumps and grooves7. Regulates posture8. Contains the corpus collosum9. Pons located here10. Leads to spinal cord
CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, OR BRAIN STEM