LIBRARY OF PRINCETON

SEP 1 3 2004

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

8^1601 1857ible.

The book of Jonah in fourOriental versions, namely

THE BOOK OF JONAHIN

CHALDEE, SYRIAC, AETHIOPIC AND ARABIC.

THE BOOK OF JONAH

FOUR ORIENTAL VERSIONS,

NAMELY

CHALDEE, SYRIAC, AETHIOPIC AND ARABIC,

WITH GLOSSARIES.

EDITED BY

W. WRIGHT.

WILLIAMS AND NORGA'I'ELONDON 14HKNHIETTA STREKT COVENT GAKDEN, AND EIHNBtlRGH 20 SOUTH

FREDERICK STREET

LEIPZIG: F. A. BROCKHAUS.

MDCCCLVII.

LIBRARY OF PRINCETON

SEP 1 3 2004

THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

LEIPZIG: PRINTED BY FR. NIES.

PREFACE.

The airn of tlie little work now offered to (he Public,

is to be useful to tliose Students at our Universities, who,

after having made some progress in Hebrew, may be an-

xious to gain at least a slight knowledge of the principal

cognate dialects. On (he advantage of such knowledge to

the Theologian I need not here enlarge. Our Authorised

Version of the Hebrew Scriptures is now generally acknow-

ledged to be an indifferent one, and the call for a revised

translation is daily becoming more urgent. The Masoretic

Text itself is in many places obscure, in some to all ap-

pearance corrupt ; and the only means of getting over at least

a part of these difficulties is the study of the other Semitic

languages and the comparison of the Translations that exist

in them, more especially the Aramaic and Arabic.

This volume presents to the Student one of the short-

est and simplest of the Biblical Books in four of the old

Oriental Versions — viz. ihe Chaldee, Syriac, Aethiopic,and Arabic — accompanied by Glossaries, which give notonly the meaning of every word in each of the texts, bu(

also the principal cognate vocables in the other dialects; so

— VI —that a careful study of the work — brief though it be —will enable the reader to arrive at a tolerably accurate com-

prehension of some of the principal points of resemblance

and difference in the Semitic languages.

It remains for me to add a few remarks as to the

manner in which I have constituted the several texts.

The Chaldee is based upon a collation of the principal

Polyglots and early editions — such as the Parisian andLondon, the Bomberg or Venetian, and Buxtorf's Rabbinic

Bible —• the most important variants being given at the footof the page.

The Syriac text is taken from Lee's edition, recollated

with two Mss. in the Bodleian Library and two in the British

Museum. It was my endeavour to exhibit here the different

modes of indicating the vowels etc. in Syriac; an endeavour

in which, however, I have not succeeded very well, owing

chiefly to the imperfections of the type. For instance in the

word cL^A^zjo (p. 48, 1. 8), the large point above the ^(it should have been still larger in proportion to the rest)

belongs to the oldest system of punctuation, and shows that

it is of the fourth conj. or Ethpa"al; whilst the small points

under the first z and over the ^ and the second z, indi-cate respectively the aspirated and unaspirated pronunciation

of those letters (ethkatash, or more correctly ethkat-

tash). So again in the word wsj^z]© (p. 50. 1. 13) the

small dot between the z and the ^ indicates the imaspirated

sound of the former, or rather the assimilation of the two

letters (ettarraf instead of ethtarraf); whilst the large

dot over the syllable y, is the mark of the fourth conj.

— VII —In LSf4jL\ (p. 49, 1. 3) tlie two large points under the final

z are one way of indicating the 3. p. sing, fem., another

being exemplified in iuj^o (p. 49, 1. penult.). In the noun

p^-> (p. 49, 1. 2), the large dot over the ws gives a clue

(o the pronunciation (khebhälä or khebholo), which

was afterwards rendered more distinct by substituting or

appending the later vowel -sign _ or 1, Some information

on this subject may be found in the larger Syriac Gram-

mars; more in Ewald's Abhandlungen zur orientali-

schen und biblischen Literatur (Gottingen 1832) and

Bernstein's Preface to his edition of the Gospel of St. John

(Leipzig 1853), which latter work is printed in a remarkably

clear and beautiful type. I should mention that 1 have

inserted the points riikäch (^o?) and kCishai {^ol) only

when they were found in one or other of the Mss. that I used.

The Aethiopic text is from the edition of Petraeus (P. in

the variants), collated with one Ms. in the Bodleian Library

and one in the British Museum.

Finally, the Arabic version is taken from a Ms. in the

Bodleian, and is, so far as I am aware, now published for

the first time. The Ms. is unfortunately rather carelessly

written, so that I have been obliged in one or two instances

to have recourse to conjectural emendation, a remedy which

I am always reluctant to employ.

Subjoined is a list of errata, which the reader is

requested to correct before making use of the book.

Trinity Coll eg- e, Dul)lln.

November 1856. -yy^ Wright.

ERRATA.

2. 1. 2. n:i

.

4. last line, note h) 5

CHALDEE VERSION.

nD'oS ir.as -i3 roi' cy " dip id nNiij cans nini iT •• : - • —

.

- T • t: tit: I • t : - : • t-;-

)inn'^>3 npi^p nx nbj? ^^jpni nh^'i «n-ip. rn;^:^ ^m Dip 2

T- T : • •-:•: tIt: 1 • t" : I - : v : t It: t tI: •

"2 nn:i nns^? 2m^) nq^^ '') n^int t^p'^N n?ii''Ni %ib nn:i

"•^1'.'•n ^?^T ^?^ri^i ^IR. i^ ^?-r ]"insj? Spd'? 4

••-: -:- •• : - : l • - : ^ : t- t - • : ' tt : • :

•')]"*n3?? t

~ 2 —9 ny^, ]^^ ^*;^? V^^n^ ])nh -icn'i :nx ^sj; pip \si "^Pfia

ni'^it^rai St« tp> t^^i Nn^''2ib ^f^rN^ ")^'^r-T^

14 jyD i6 ;^ N^niys ^^sp nj:^! j] d-Ji"^. ^')i^*%] •.]in^':'.v '")np.^

D"] nzin j^j^^i? |nn ^b) ]nn ?

— 3 —

NJN1 :pyn> p2N r^^^ nn^ 2JoinN'-i Oin^xDi sfmyt: lO

Q^t^'N* ^)nn-iji rpip ^^'ipii >:3"np n^ilx nnsi^'ina• - _; ' .. - . . 1 T T It: ••! : - 't : I t t - : :nJi^ ni iDhp) i>

2 1 b^p ^?2j ^pxi :^)^ni^-D rn^?2\s-?. 21d

5 ]isr) n^b -ipj?! Nrn.p':) n^nan 2^71 i^ni.p ]?2 n^i^

I . ... - ....... r-- ^ . ^ . . . ' - . _ .

6 ^ID^^ ™^ ")p '^^J^ p^^pi p'iTR c^n^.!!< ^,? r^n -^^.Ip

7 '*')NDi>3 s?"iDii pp^2 Nn^f'^in n> ^^^ pan ^^^*I Kl"n8 ^Tzp m-ipp nin.i :^)tj''2n, ]i'p>p n: ^)nm ''j^nhnDiK^n ^j; N-^'pti^ "jnriDJii *)^'npw' N?:i-p nn ^^ pan

9 "11?.^] ]"i^p^p "^V. i^ 1 ^pn Nnn^n n:)i^^ ^> ncN'i : '') ^m'12

lO|'i^p>p hv_ O^npn njsi >;. ic}

GLOSSARY.

»

"I?!*? if^pf- "?^*S l?^S perish. V. iDin (l'2-, "i?")

destroy, and intrans. pe7ish. In bibl. Chald. a Hof al

"I2in occurs, Dan. VII. 11. •— Heb. T2N, Syr. j^l,Sam. T^A; Aeth. A-flJ?: be jnad [corn^. "^en"^';' "1DX>Jerem. IV. 9). The original signif. is simply go; Ar.

t>L, impf. cWj, ^^ away, perish; Jot ^^/^ away; J^jI

eternity (comp. or^wz^, aeviim , from the Sanskrit rad.

«. go).

-13N A?>-^. — Ar. ^t, Syr. j^j."i:n:, nTjIJ^, /'^:, wages, 7'C7vard. — Ar. ^a.!, Syr.1^1 , Sam. -^'^tA.

'pTK, impf. 'tt;;', imper. t'TN, inf ^PD, go. — Heb. ':'IN, Syr.Vll , Sam. 2,^A; At. JIv, impf. J.vj, w

]"jnN and pniNS ^ll'') olhe7' , another, f. N*ri^"i~;

pl. m.I"":")", f. ]^n"- I" t'^6 dialect of Jerusalem

• pjn, Sam. ^'^t^ (V); Ar. Lb-F, Heb. in«, Syr.

'N note of interrogation pref, to pron. and adv., as |"'"l\s*,

f. N'l'^N, which? |">-D "IN whence? inc ""N when? etc. —s ^

Ar. (^t, Aeth. Af." ;y^o, which, what? Heb. in, rp>x,

Sam. rHA, with sufT. pron. ;^'A^r6?.'* HT iN which? n.Tp \S*

whence? ^i'^A where? Syr. Jj^ | , in ^L"] ivhere?

)Äi(L,f whence? ^z^Io] 7vheu? etc.

n^N //^^;-, etc. with pron. suff. ""niN, "?]^n''Js* , ""riln^N,

/ «/??, /i^

— 7 —As to tlie derivat. of (he word (aJI, ivorship, being a

denom. from ill, and xJ!, ^

«1-1-. Also used to denote self, partic. in referenceT -

to God, e. g. II, 5. — Syr. Tr^^^^ Sam. ^^'iim^.)i:^ where? whither? |N3d, j3C, 7vhence?— Ar.^jjf, ^.t^jjo;

Heb. ]\S% l^xc, ]ND (2 Kings V. 25, ktih)\ Sam.

t

— 9 —ICN, imperf. TiD^^ tie, hind, gird on. — Ar. ^t . Aeth. MUZ,

:

Hebr. ICN, Syr. •la\^ Sam. "^^A-

m.N 7valk, go. — Heb. ni.X.nniN, ni^N, Nnix, f. « wag, road, custom, conduct

(comp. "^"11, J^AA^, 8\ju*;); pi. in^N, ^rin~. Heb. n-)'t

— 10 —%'\hN' Hence nr>3, "in^, iLL, '^AS, yi\^ or JjL?

(vulg, jib hatha?'), after; in Syr. it fakes the pron.

suff. in the sing., in Chald. either in the sing, or plur.;

at least we find ^nnD, "^jin^, as well as nn2, '•nilJia,

3 in, at or near, by, ?vith, on account of, etc. Ar. i^, Aeth.

n: Heb. Phoen. 2, Syr. ^^ Sam. %li'XS, impf. •i^'ND"', 1)c 1)ad, unpleasant , wicked ; '•n'i^J^ t^X3 or

n'?, he, was displeased. Another form is t5'j;3. — Heb.li'J^S smell hadbj ; Aeth. -d'hA: ^i" had, 7vicked , diffi-

cult; Ar. ^^^aj

— 11 —*ilj, the ivall is yoing to fall; and even iti the

. ^ > ^ * ^ ^*classical dialect c^^ /jt c>Lt;, he tvas yoing to die

(o!J ivisli), where later writers omit ^\ (see the Z. d.

D. M. G. vol. VI. p. 210); so in Pers. and modern

Greek the Fiit. with l^Si^s^ and S-eXo), I tvish, and in

our own lang. with 7vilL

lyz, niyi!, ^rr , petition, ent?'ealy ; Syr. ]za^. Hence ij723

pray (quaeso, obsecro); Syr. oLLs, Sam, 'tV33, gen.

tV^andjTlVS (Geseniiis, Carmina Samarit. 111.22. 1),

Heb. 13 for ">j?2 (this derivat. is confirmed both by the usage

of the other dialects, and by the analogy of the vulg.

Arab., since in the mouth of the Badawfn ^^uä tabyhi

has become lahi, Z. d. D. M. G. vol. VI. p. 210).

T'JJS, X"}", a least of burden, and collect, cattle; pi. ]"'*l''J?3,

^^n'". Heb. "iijJ^, Syr. ]i..»:^s; Ar. ^axj a camel; Aeth.

•no^*E: 'flcr^£: and •no^: an ox, pi. äqoc"

"ir, ^^"12, a son. — Syr. |^, Sam. '^'^S, in the Sinaiticinscript. ~i2, and in the Ekhkilf or vulg. dial, of South

Arabia her. The pi. is ;">:2, N^^s, from js (see Arab,

gloss.J^"J);

Syr. ^i^, Sam. ^/71^5, also ^rn^3;

in the Sinaitic and Himyaritic inscript. 1:2. hi like

manner MI'S, a dauyhter, constr. nnr; l^r^, constr.

^r^; '^A^5, constr. A'^S; have in the pi. |J2, iSPJi;

though Jl'^S also occurs. — Derived from \^, N"13,N"12, Ijlo A'^S^ create; not from "112 /i*^ simple, pu?'e,

innocent; comp. Jj:, it'., and Sanskrit 6'««2^-6-, son, from

the rad. su , beget, bring forth.

— 12 —D13 truly, indeed; but, yet, nevertheless; Syr. w^ ^ Sam.

^*^^ and ^^3. Hitzig on Daniel, II. 28, derives it

from the Sanskrit param, farther, after, but; Gesenius

Views it as an asseverative from ^o or *jjf twist,

make firm; Dietrich, in liis Abhandlungen zur Hebr.

Gramm. p, 226, as a contraction from riD 13 „ „ausser

was (das Folgende betrifft)."

-in3. See -iHN.

12|, «"1DJ, ^l?i!.. ^"y^yi, a man; pi. xnDi^-Dii. — Heb.-Ql, Syr, 1h=S? ^^"^* '^'^^"f5 ^- y^^ according to

the Kamus, i4-V'5 ^ ^Xo^F^ iX^S , „a king anda slave (so that it is one of the words which have two

opposite meanings), and a 7nan" ; Aeth. I'flQ'. a slave

or servant.

in, cut, ordain, decree.— Heb. iTil^ Syr. j]^^ Sam. '^^i;;Ar. TCä. prune, slaughter. With. NDlii ")]:, III. 5,

and NQip in, conclude a treaty, comp. n"i13 ni3,

v-^^? woals^ Zt?^;3* V^?, and j^j.^, ^, ^^^ etc.Kl'in., ni~, NHI", a decree. — Syr. j^^v* and liC,Sam. '^'^^t.

t)2 aheap; pi. p'?;j, ?2;

13

p3 not used in I., cover; Ar. ^j^, Heb. p_. V. |3N covei',

shade , inf. ^l\\^\ Syr. ^f. Hence in all the dialects

the word for a garden, aUa., 1i^\ |j and T\ll\ \\>

^11, Nn^J, pi. ]^3-l, pj; iM^pl. li^; ^^1, pi ^Ol^X

*n. See "ci.

Nl. See |i.

n?"!, imperf. T\7r^\, slaughter, sacrifice. III. riDT, sacrifice

often or in great quantity, inf. vSHDl. — Ar. l^b-,Aeth. H-flih: Heb. Plioen. HDT, Syr. ^?^ Sam. ^^T.

n2~, NilDl, « victim, sacrifice; pi. priDl. — Ar. ^6,Heb. Phoen. HDl, Syr. J^?^ Sam. ^^5T.

]n or ji-, perf.J-,

imperf. |n>, yy , judge. — Ar. ^13,imperf. ^J-3Jo; Heb. |n; Syr. J^ impf. ^oJ-»; Sani. ^T,

impf. ^rnTfll; Aeth. ^Zi\ judgment.

Nj">~P, ^J?^";- ''^ province, city; pi. t

— 14 —feared, a god; pi. rn^ri". — Syr. lllxi^?, Sam.

i"!^ ~, 7vho, ?vhich, that; conj. that, in ot^der that, because;

Aeth. H: Syr. ?. Sam. T (comp. Heb. "ip^). Like H! ?and S, it is used to circmiiscrihe the genitive, as

j

— 15 —monument of Carpentras and other Shemitic remains

brought from Egypt (Gesenius, Monum. Plioen. p. 228,

242; and t as mark of tlje genit, in Phoen. (inscr.

Massil. 1. 6, 10). — 1 may add that the Phoen. in-scriptions furnish us also with the intermediate step be-

(ween ']p^ and .it' in the form u/a, e. g. Massil. 1. 20.

r\i, Aeth y:«;, Jio?, Sam. -^T and ^TA."b~ (^??~), impf. "^jlDni, */

— 16 —

M interrog. particle; Ar. |, Sam. ^. The fuller form is iT\,.

pn, ]nn m., xnn f., M^>, //^«/; pi. j^^'Nn, ]'''^n; comp. of nh

(Syr. ]d) //^?>, and ]l. — Ar. ItXiC m., sj^, (^J^ f.,pi. tSlye ; Heb. nin m. , nwn f., pi n^NH ; Syr. Jjd m.,

]>oi f., pi. iNffi.

N^n m., N""?! f., he, she, it; pi. m. ]13N, f. ]iiN, and in bibl.

Chald. p»n, 'isn. — Ar. "y^ m., ^ f., pi. m. Lc(poet, jje), f. ^jd; Heb. Nin m., N^n f., pi. m. en, f. jn, n.^n;

Syr. ooi m. , y»q f. , pi. m. .ojoi , .qJ 1 , f- ^Jq , ^-^ \.

^Tp, inf. '>>nD, ^

— 17 —turn, flee. — Ar. dLit tnove , remove, but most freq.used in the sense of tell a lie (comp. Prov. XVII. 20.

i:ii5'^3 '^BT\l), in VIII. ^JLaXjJ he overtunwd, whence in

llie Kur-än, ^\XiJy^f (scil. ^J^ijf), Sodom and Go-

morrha , also called by tlie Arabs abJLiJt i^j^t

(from vJJi /2^;7«); Heb. "risn, Syr. ^oi^ Sam. ^^"^.

1

"], ^, and, but. — Common to all the Shemitic dialects underthe form ?ea, 7v', u.

^

N2T, 151, impf. ""^P, he pure in a moral sense, chaste, in-

nocent, just. — Ar. b'v , Heb. npj , Syr. \l,-\ , Sam.^:!^'^. In Aramaic p/ujsical purity is expressed by the

cognate i2"l, ^?, (Tl^T.

"^I 0?l5 ''^^?l)' I^^*?!' f- '^'^'tI' ^n^2T, pure, innocent,

just. — Syr. ^\.];2i not used in I. — III. |ai prepaid, make ready , appoint,

invite. — Syr. ^].-1j;t he small. —• Ar. yLo, li-o, Heb. -ij;:j, Syr. -^y and

(in the sense of he despised) jjl^, Sam. '^V'^.

-l"'J?! , N")-, f. N^y.T, Nnn-, .vwr///, little, youmj.—

Ar. pJL^o, Heb. -y^^i, Syr. l^oi]^ Sam. ^'^tV'^.

n

':52n not used in I., he corrupted or vitiated, rotten. III.

':'2n corrupt, destroy.— Ar. J^k ^

— 18 —joint or otherwise maimed, he inad, II. Jui*. put out

of joint, maim, disorder; Heb. ^3n, Syr. \ Wm ^ Sam.

iS^. See Gesenius' Thesaurus, rad. ^2n.

'?2n, bsn, «':5", corruption, injury, destruction.— Syr-U'^L.^."I2n not used in I., Jje united; III. "isn unite, combine. —

Heb. -iDH, Aeth. -J-flZ.: Syr. ^."I2n, "i2ri, 5

— 19 —a^n, Nn2-, f'd.; pl. kSna". Ar. xl^, ib^, Syr. Iä^oL,

Sam. ^^tH,

Din , perf. or;, imperf. Din"| (Din>) , have compassion upon,

pity, spa?'e.— Heb. Din, Syr. oal^ Sam ^^.^'7n , impf. nn;',, iTn;! , ^^^, observe. — Heb. nin, Syr. ]^^

Sam. %^'H. ; Ar. ICä.

— 20 —with (he same signif. as III. — VI. 2::irJ5 inipei-s.,chap. II. 9. — Ar. CjQs, imperf. vj^^iaj , be good,pleasant, cheei'ful: Heb. nb, im[)erf. D*l2">^; Syr. ^sl^.

DID, N3:3, f. N2tO, NH^tD, ^

— 2t —nsto strike, clap tlic hands; deiioin. from HSD, which orig.

signif. the open palm of the hand (Syr. -^^ spread out,

Ar. Xo, Aeth. A4trh:: i&4tfh: fi4tfh: breadth). —Aeth. /I14i/h: Ar. Jl.o, (^ä*.,, \j^iuo, ^tJu^-, >*i^,

Aeth. Ä4:o: Heb. pSD.

B'D"", ti'^I!^, impf. tt'D"'^, (?'

— 22 -—U-fi: Heb. 2^1, scarcely used except in the iiiiper.

in or DDH; Syr. w^dovI; Sam. ^"^(71, complete in all

its parts (imper. sometimes \.^ and 3lA)-

Tin> collect, fhe Jews, Judaea.

^Nlin? O^T)? HN-J-, a Je?v.

DiS ND- « day; pi. pnl^, j« M or

— 23 —nin: (conip. 2b] for D3p:; Dip^, Dp] for Dlp^), accor-

ding to the form DpV.l, D)b'r\y, hut as Theodoretus and

Epiphanias give IABE, the former adding that such

was the pron. of the Samaritans, it is extremely probable

that the correct form is r\)TV lahveh. from mn =n^n be.

^;p, '?0\ impf. ^13^, inf. ^3D, he able. — Heb. ^bi (impf.^DI^), Sam. i^lTl; Aeth. ^aOA"

D^ NS^_, M, Syr. iiol, Sam. Wol.

s —

I^D'.(]^Si), NJ", f. the right hand. —^ Ar. ,j.a^, Aeth. P^3f:Heb. i^n^^, Syr. 0^, Sam. ^)m^m.

F]D^ not used except in V. P)p1^

— 24 —'^^t/71* (nn^s) ^Arn^ (see Geiger's Lehrbiieh zur

Sprache d. Misclmah, p. 36, where are cited among

other examples Dl^H "inlx, nii2''n HHliS); perhaps Ar.

Lj[, used (like Aeth, ^p:) only with pron. sufF. 01jJ,sbt , etc.

3n% :i^r\\, impf. 3^7;», 2n^, imper. 2n (D^n), inf. zn^c, Dnp,

si^, dmell. — Ar. »^j«, impf. v.^, imper. v!>j, hi theHimyaritic dialect sit (generally leap), ^U . a seat, ^jstand immoveable; Heb. '2^\, Syr. ^ai^j, ^ Sam. SAHl?

imper. SA.

3 (7.y, like, according to; Ar. dl , Phoen. r, Sam. ^. —^?^^ «

— 25 —have derived it from the Arab. rad. ^\^ come into

view, happen. Possibly it may be connected with jiy

time (comp. nj?2).

T^D only in V. npN ctij aloud, proclaim, p?'cach , declare;

Syr. Xfs]., Sam. '^'^^. Prob. from the Gr. ycrjQvooo).

Np")2, ^0*13, ''C"i')2, N^p", a throne; pi. ]jD"ir, " 112. Heb.

Np2 , which is the orig. form ; Syr. ^s

22^, with suff. ^22^, pi. «"22':. — Ar. vlj, Aeth.A-n: Heb. Phoen. zh and 22*^ (inscr. Eryc. 1. 5, C),

Syr. \k^^ Sam. ^l and 3SZ.

It'D'?, ^^"»2^, impf. W'lh\, put on clothes. — Ar. ylJ, Aeth.A-flii: Heb. ij''2':j, t:'?^, Syr. .^L:^ ^ Sam. -^5^.

li'"12^, Nli'", « (jarmeat, robe; pi. ]''ti''". Ar. j^^,Heb. i&'dS Syr. V^^s^, Sam. '^•^tSZ.

2*

— 26 —'•n':', iiiipf. 'n^"', labour, he n-caricd, /atitjucd, disheartened.

V.ir\hi< tire, 7vearij. Shafel '^Thv id.; Ishtafal ^n^PLJ'X

be ?vearied, faint. Cognate forms are "»Nb and ij;'?;

Ar. ^^1 be slow or lazij , ^^^ misfo?'tunc , difficiäty ;

Heb. r\\k) and nn'?; Syr. ^j3 . Sliaf el v^oi \ 4. ; Sam. ^SJX,

whence tfilVZ, tAZ, t

— 27 —force to the iiegat. — not a single thiny\ Syr. >o^.Fiirst (Chald. Gram. p. 97 note) and Dietrich (Ab-

liandlungen ziir Hebr. Gr. p. 225) derive Dy~D from

j;~D= nj;'n (rad. y-i) and n^, comparinj^ J^n?, andview >c^^ Dl^D (D"??), 'I'id, as a farther contraction.

Tliis derival. certainly seems more probable than that

proposed l)y Bernstein, ^? ^ pm^s partis, aliqnapars, particularly as Mq^xd seems rather to be derived

from DIkSp, D1?2, a flaw, defect (lience wliat is ?vo?'th-

less, insiynificant, trilling) than from nci T\o. See

Dietrich, Abhandl. p. 233.

nic, perf. n'C, impf. niD^ (niD!'.), inf. n?:n (HQd), die. —Ar. v2jLo, Aetii. 'P't: Heb. np, impf. m^;; Phoen. nc

dead (Massil. 1. 17); Syr. :uio; Sam. AA*ii and A/Tl^,

impf. At^m.niD, Nn~, death. — Ar. ^"^, Aelh. t:p% fW//(? /«, ;vY/

— 28 —"ifyo, impf. "^l^p^, counsel, advise; rule, reign. — Ar.

iJlJUo possess, Aeth.

— 29 —^;: draw, flo}v\ Syr. j^ he exlendcd, lony\ Heb. "iJI^ , Plioen.

Ij] (inscr. Eryc. 1. 6), be spiead out, poured out,

flotv. III. 13J holt or har, chap. II. 7, denom. from X"i2:

(Ar. ^lwÄj) a holt or

— 30 —pDJ. See phc.

^DJ, impf. hB], ^ID^., ^1D;% in bibl. Chald. ^D% /^///. — Heb.b^y, Syr. vLj , impf. Vk5; Sam. 2^3^.

pD3, impf. p)B\, pB\, imper. pio, y^ or cowe out. —• Ar.(^jiä come out of a hole, sell well (merchandise) ; Syr.

- n^i^ Sam. ?Z)pl.

1£'D:, N^DJ, f. ^>^^ breath, the soul or ^/wvV, life; pi. ];i'5;.

—• Ar. y.*Äj, Aelh. i

— 31 —F]"iD, ND", cud. — Syr. ^a^^ jL^oL^ Sam. i^t^; Ar.olI«, a particle pref, to tlie iiiiperf. when it denotes

futurity, usually abbrev. JL.

P)"1D reeds, seaweed. Occurs only in the phrase ?]1D"I NS''

from the Heb. p)1D"C\

inp go roiaid, surround. —• Heb. "inD, Sam. ^^^; inSyr. we find the deriv. |ia-^ n strolling mendicant,

beggar.

Tlnp prop, a noun signif. circuit , circumference (Sam.

^^^, '^A^), but used as an adv. around, roimd-

ahout, and commonly repeated h "llnp "liriD. — Sam.^^t^, "i^A^, '^^A^, and with suff. A^^^,AA^^t^.

brp ('??t^') /^>^^' upon, behold, contemplate, consider, under-

stand-^ hardly used except in IV. '?3npN. — Heb. 'priJ',Syr. Vi£aJ. Sam. I^A^A.

p^p,pi^.p, impf. pp^. (for p^.p^J, imper. pp (for p^p), inf.

pP9 (for p'ppc), go up, ascend. III. ^""^z: make ascend,

raise, remove. IV. p'^npts*. V. ppx (for p^rpN) make

ascend, bring forth, offer. — Syr. - ^vTw Sam. ?2,P.— A rad. po: does not exist in Aramaic, for V^ inSam. (Gen. XIX. 15) is not for \^ (as ^^ for3^^, ?Z), tZZ), Uhlemann's Institutiones, §. 26. 1.

annot.), but for ?i^; and ^a is (he usual form of

the perf. in modern Syriac, e. g. in the Creed,

)"-'^"'-v oil^ji? ri^^oi) j.j| / believe (that) he ascended

to heaven (oiXaaj for 01.1». nVw). See an article l)y Ro-

diger in the Z. f. d. Kunde d. Morgenlandes, vol. II. p. 91.

— 32 —bi^^D (^cp) and har^ii/, def. nb-, the left hand. — Ar.

JUci, Heb. 'pi^Cti', Syr. U:^^ Sam. '^ZA'il^.

W^cp, Nr:~ « */^?>; pl. ^'n^". Ar. iLui-w«, Heb. n^'Cp, Syr.

1-2^..^» 9 Sam. "^jlfnZ)^. Tlie word prop, denotes a

large decked vessel, from j^D cover.

]Dp, NJ", a sailo?-; pl. i?'^''- — Ar. "Si, Heb.npj;, Syr.'^, Sam. ^3V.

— 33 —Ij; Qow]. fvhile, until; ^ve\). during, until, as fa?: as, till, to. —

Heb. ij;, Syr. ^:^^ Sam. ^V. Properly a noim deno-

ting progression, from tlie verb

^1^.' ""pf- ''"7>!."'.» pu>iii , with ^^j;, /7«-.?*

— 34 —J^ \j^)^ opposed to V'b'q, (yiN the ground) fi'om

below. — Both ^j; and ^j; are from the rad.^^ or I'by not used in Aramaic in I,, be high, exalted, go

up, ascend. — Ar. ^ki, Heb. rhv.D^j; (q'?J>), NC^y (i^^^J^X ^*^y ^^^9 indcf. period of time,

eternity , the universe or fvorld; pi. V^^J^ (p^r'^)-—

Ar. *JLä the universe, created beings: Aeth. '^A

aL^ Sam. -^V

;

Ar. ^^ or Ix. Prop, a noun denoting union, from

the rad. QDy collect, unite, Ar. I!^ include the whole,

e. g. *L4.*J( ioLsAwwJt c>4^ ///^ r/«9?/

— 35 —ipj;, NT", the root (also the stem) of a tree, base, origin,

source; pi.i''')(?5^. » ^H ~ * ^y'* li^i ^^''- ;^

p-iy, inipf. p'nj?:, pl^J/^ /^

— 36 —Sanskrit rad. gam, go (comp. Pers. l\S step , pace).

The same word presents itself in the Armenian patgam

or padkam, message. Otiier words of Pers. origin

comp. with this prep, are: 23nD, ]}}i/r\B (|315'*)D), ^3nB,

DVi, perf. ny, impf. Dii{% fasL — Ar. jlLo, Aetii. F^(P'.Heb. c^, Syr. >o^.

Dl-i, ND-, « fast. — Ai'. *^, Aeth. B^':)h, M.pray;

Ar. J^, Aeth. ÄAP I Syr. ^\^ Sam. ^Z-^,

T))i, ni~, NHI", prayer. —• Ar. Xyl^, &^^ , Aeth./lAo^: Syr. Iz^^, Sam. t2,-m.

"iDii, f^']?'^? ^/'^ ^Az/^w, tno?'ning. — Syr. ]\^\j Sam. '^'^^'^n-Connected witli l^it' (J>^ heautiful, pleasing (Heb. "iDlt',

Syr. j^^ Sam. '^3'^**; Ar. lH ^/^z/^v^^, whence Nne^Dli'(x"iC)") and lirsl/ //«

— 37 —

^Dp he opposite, come or go towaj'ds, meet, in which signif.

it does not occur in Chald. Hence III. 'psp receive

a visitor, accept a present, listen to a request or prayer.

— Ar. I. Jui* and V. Ju!b* receive or accept, U. Juj^m. III. JoU* ^^ opposite, compare, IV. JuJjf advance

towards, widcjiake, VI. JolJb' (^-t^ opposite one another

of two or more individuals, VIII. JuJcIt begin, X.

JJ^jlLl ^^ ^^ wo'yj, Sam. -^i"?. Contracted cp, Sam. -^?(so also Nep /?"r.v/, ^A'^A'^il? beginning).

D"np, N*D", M

— 38 —S J

7imd, from oi the back), the north h^m (Ar. 3U^

^//^ ;^w//^, tJU^ the left, jlUJI .S^vVt;, tlie south j^Dj

(Ar. ,^^ //^^ ^/i^^^, r^H^' i

— 39 —light, lujhtcn ; hold light , despise. — Ar. Jo he fewor small, Aeth. *AA: Heb. ^p, Syr. vl, Sam. 2,^,

np, i

— 40 —Syr. \!k\ ^ Sam. ^S'^. Otlier forms used as subst.

are ]3"}, ^l^ J]^^, jlS"!,

and as an adj. or subst.

]D12"l not used in the sing. = 2"]', pi. ]^^?", ^/'

— 41 —Dn, perf. D"), inipf. Dl"i), f^' Ijigl^, uplifted, pi'oud, 7ise.

V. ^"l^\ ?nahe high, exalt, lift up, i^aise ; nn Qilt?=T\T\ '?"'u:ri, raise a stoinn. — Heb. D"1, Sam. -^^, Syr.>a^r] and w>o\ (from a rad. >o^^ Ar. I*^ ir/^ocli^ Sam. ^W^, -^V^

prn, ^*^'0", compassionate, merciful. — Ar. j^L^js..

,

gen. with tlie art. |A-»js^llt, tlie Compiassionate , God;

Sam. "ym^.

prn, Y>''T\^,, he distant, retire, depart. V. pn"lN remove, lay

aside. —• Aeth. Cfh^: Heb. ^rn, Syr. wo-.!^.l^n , Nli'n. , ^>^^ Ä^ff^; pi. I^^n. — Ar. ^K, Ae(h.

CliJi: Heb. ti'Xi, pi. D^^i'NT, Syr. vl.^, Sam. ^/Tl'^

and ^'^A{

— 42 —{,^^a^ Sam. '^A^^-'^A and

^^A^A (Exod. XV. 11).vS"l^'' //^?, /

— 43 —fulfil a vow. — Ar. iJLl,, Hob. zhyj or dV^", Syr. >aiL4r^Sam. *^X^,

els' and more usually uw ^ NVrti% a name, pi. jnoii''. — Ar.jv^J, rarely ^m,, *.*-; Aelli. fi

— 44 —p\nii', i(> (according to Plutarch,

but the inscr. Massil. 1. 3 has ^^ , Heb. ^;^, Syr.

]^cz, Sam. "^^t^A. Derived either from tU be stir-

r^

— 45 —Ilel). Phoen. rnn, Syr. zaiz, Saiii. A^A. — Fromnin = n)W sink, descend, Ar. ^li and • U = ^L^-

«^n, impf. ^':ni, hany, suspend. —• Heb. n^'^n, Syr. ilz,Saiii. AZA.

r)J?^"ir, NPlv'^jn, ^/ /^ww or caterpillar; Syr. |LiJiIoi. Most

prob. from the rad. 'j;h\ lick, hence lick up, consume

(Ar. ij: /^/y>^; see however Gesenius Thesaurus,

art jj'^n.

n^r, r., .sn'-n m., M/w. Ar. 1,:^, äiS3; Aeth. UJAfi't:T : T T :

'

Heb. ^ut)^, ni^'t'ii'; Plioeii. .sy////.? (according to Augus-

tine), rwh^ (inscr. Massil. 1. 9, II); Syr. £^z^ ]^^;

Sam. A2,A, '^AZA.

|i?r, there; Syr. ^i , Sam. ^*iJA, ^v^A. Another form

is nan, Ar. |VJ, rui, there, p', o>^, c>-»i, then;

Heb. Dli' and n»:i^.T T T

wn, impf. ijn'', pro}), hend, fold, hence «^(9 again, repeat.

— Ar. ^, Hel). n:ti', Syr. Ijz^ Sam. '^^A.],^:n, f. «:j~, second. — Sam. ^ITI^A, Syr. ^Lirepeating, subst. repetition.

n"i:i"'jn, prop, repetition, as an adv. a second time, again.

— Syr. zaiLi, Sam. At^lTl^A.r]pr,, F]ipn, impf. f]p.n% /a' strong, violent, severe; impers.

n'? F]pn = l'? ri"jn, //

— 46 —In chap, U. 7 il corresponds to the Heb. D^nns holts

SYRIAC VERSION.

>'H'- 01 Z a__k-.A—3

A^^Vm, 'Cjuio .01 t\S l"i^|o l£i5» )£i"«^Vi ]n.1 tl\ '^^ >eeLD 2

Pj'^'^^ ^.M^Ai'iL^ .O01*VlS ^ VV^ \ . OV^ A^Jo If^l u201_

— 48 —9 .U] Ur^ .^o^ ^o^ui. ^)-^\ "jUfl:^ ^l iJ-.l10 a^^?o ) A p t o poo. t-^^? .P-^*^? ) VVi A? jauX )->,iViNo

11 .•'j.aJl ^^oj* i^o cr-° r::^? r^^ l-^^l '^r^?

p^? V^O^ .,-±^ ]'^^ U-^o .^ r-^^ jLl^ .(71^ ^r^l

1 '' - « l" 1 '' ^ V ^ '^ -^ 1 51"" 1 " ^V ^ * *"

ä.-r. P P y P ,7 ». "^,? < "" t " ^ » 7

13 _J3->.^ sAOiaNn ^]o i^i^ ooi 'Z^]?

16 aJ^u9o •:• sAgiQ.l^a.Ajftl^ ^^ ) Vi * > MtlZ2|o . | Vi ta ^(no]|.^o

J.."* 7 7

wS S.SA

, .• 7 • • ^ • " ^ n\ " .-7

)Vi « ? ai£.^)_so ^aI^^j )j^coi4

— 49 —

,_.2' •> ^(Tu^ i-^r^ iLq,«4 _:^ v_«JL^ '£«ais]o . >n\\\ ^^s]^ 8

^Zol*.^ .^io''y-o LliLo .PJ4i^?4'i t^iSn^ "^..jA'^'i ^^'2)

>cl1x4/I4^|.J? >0|^o .>^ ^•ao.; aAioso j"*^) -^ ]2J-^7 oukÄJ] n 1 Vi *ctio •> ).££ai^^li£ )n 1 «1 J

luju^o •> .btn-k)' a^lil^ jj^i^o .oji *T pi>'oV

— 50 —L^o'di^fi . . .*,. 4^1^ w^ii. ^ji. p^om ^t^ ")lJ8i V^l^o

lil^o v^cS 1^^A«- |isu»i^o jjioMi:^ iji'*V

fiLOSSARY.

a-äI j \£>)j a father, pj. ,-*"

— 52 —jIl»1 where? 7vhere. — Heb. HD^N*, Chald. ND1^

— 53 —^s]^)-s\ the face ; front, surface, external form (ix appear-

ance ; for ^isj], from an unused sing, ^sj]; Ar.

v«ajt, Aeth. Ki^\ the nose, Heb. r]X the nose, du.

D1DN the nostrils, face; Chald. N^JX, N'D«, pi. ]id:n,

pBN% niDN*; Sam. -^/71^A- The Syriac Grammarians

and Lexicographers wrongly derive ^s] from ]z|^^

|L^, Heb. nf

— 54 —^kLis and iNoJs , coiitr. £^^ betweeji, among. — Cliald.

p3, >3, ""i;?, nJ/2; see Aeth. gl. njJi"

v::Iä^ impf. '^'^nj, swalloiv, devour. — See Chald. gl. y'?2.i-kikO^ Ih-^:^, ^ (^^«*/ of burden, coll. cattle; pi. |y ^^ —

See Chald. gl. i^yr.

jli, I'i^, « 50/^; pi. ^iÄ, )i£s . — See Chald. gl. "iD.Hence

yuAJljL^ -*^r^^ ^^j human being, person, individual;

pL ).1j]^s^ )4r»in. — Chald. t^ix "13, ^\ ~)2 (Dan.VII. 13. n;!n nr« ij^jn "idd nw ^;^j?."dj; n^;. ««?v outside, besides,except, i^v ^ fro7n without (comp. ]>in). — Ar.II, adv. \Z, ^t^ C, C ^>c; Chald. J

— 55 —^JiJ^'^. IL:^^, ?im^es. — See Chald. gi ^y,j^, impf. IxJ , cfi/ nut, call on; of animals low, bellow.

— Heb. n^3, Chald. Nj;i . Cognate form j^.

J 7vho, which, that; mark of the g'enit., as J-aX? mh^\ the

hold of the ship; conj. that, in o?^de?^ that. — SeeChald. gl. n.

-^'^^^ ^^|J, saci'ifice. III. ^^a? sacrifice often or in great

quantity. — See Chald. gl. HD".Xl^'i a victmi, sacrifice; pi. ,_—£?•

^f^ impf. ^o^j judge. •— See Chald. gl. |n.|i-*^. 1^1.»^. » ^%; pl- ,^v^.

'^?, '^rJ, A^'^'- — See Chald gl. hrr\.|f«?^ 1^«»?, fear, dread, reverence, an object of fear

or reverence, deity ; pl. ^v^V^ .

^?^ dt, but, yet. Like dt it never holds the first place in

a phrase, gen. the second.

i^?^ impf. jlyi^ remember. II. ^^z] ^^ remembei'ed; call to

mind, remember. — See Chald. ^\. -|31..,mN% ;/^tfÄ-^ turbid, disturb, agitate. III. . ^v^ id. IV. . -V^ ^l

pass. — Heb. n^i, Sam. ?2,T.jc?, lie?, ^/o

56

Id he, she, it (Chald. NH; Phoen, nH , inscr. Sidoii.); adv.

here, there (comp. n*); interj. lo, see (Ar. Lp, Chald.

j(as o

pure; except j^d , which makes ^oi 1?^ this is. —• SeeChald. gi. Nin.

COT m., Jrn f., he, she, it, this, that; pi. m. .oioi , f. ^Sci.

Contr. for osi joi ^ ^oi jci (Heb. Ninn, NTir).

)o(ji , impf. losii ]kj , ^oiz]

(versatus est) stay , remain, be on the point of. V.

^oil tu7'n a?vay, avert. — See Chald. gl. ^Dn.

57

o and, hut. — See Cliald. sA. \

^1 , \^\ time ; pi, ^vi^^ times (vices), in which sense itis fem., as ,-iici h^z thrice , . v i ^i —^zvi? a second

time , again. — Ar. ^j^-. and ^jUj , Aeth. ll

— 58 —fL f. Ip-, o/ic. — See Chald. gl. in.-^, impf. j^^j ^^ ^/

— 59 —^;^ not used in I.— III. v^' shade, cover. — See Cliald.

gl. ^^L\

U:xJ shade, shado?v. — Aeth. /tAA"^." Chald. inhb]^,T T : '

G - -.

Sam. ^iZ v; Ar. J^Ud anything that gives shade.

i4^J:4»^ ^' shade or covering, hut; [)1. Ui^.jLio.

>a:I^^

inipf. >a:l4J^ taste. — See Chald, gl. DjJt:.wsj^ strike, beat. III. ^^^ distress, afflict, vex. IV. ua^^.i|

pass. •— Ar. ^JiCis ^/«^^ ^ ^/^^ 7vith the eye;Heb. F)"!^ tear in pieces; Chald. e]'n:2, Sam. 3^^.

^impf. W.A.LP , ^

— 60 —]lal the sea; pi. \i^.

.v^r \Li^ f. ^/le rigid hand. —• See Chald. gl. j^D\. af^. not used except in V. ,j^o\ add, i?wrcase, do again.—

See Chald. gl. p^D").

\Ll. impf. \£,]S ^ imper. >_.^^ ^ shoot up, g?'o?iK — Chald. {^jjy,identical with Aeth. ®^A: Heb. nhj go out (comp. in

partic. CNiiN^i shoots, and 8.?i8.jfi '. an embryo or foetus).

^äzu impf. ,^-£j imper. -^!z sit. — See Chald. gl. sn^?Lk impf. )ip , remain over and above, be abundant,

abound, make gain or pr^ofit. — Heb. "in^, Chald. "ini,Sam. ^Am.j-aLT "(-^hZ. ^ f. 1i-k'2Uj \lfj:hl. abundant, excellent;^'\^

v^ z/iw

— 61 —s^jjs^ inipf. ff=S ^ he painful, disagi'eeahle, grieve; only used

impers. ail^ ^t^, etc. (comp. 01:^*. hl)^. — Cliakl t

— 62 —^|3 labour, he faCigueiL cxhamtcd ; perf. 3 s. f, hl^ ^ 2 in.

hJ^ ^ f. ^t^^ etc.; impf. jjij, imper. J^ ^ liif. Ilbe, part.

]j3, IJJ.— See Cliald. gl. ^n^,

l^äii^ the heart, the innermost pai't or t?iidst; pi. jzakl^. —See Cliald. gl. 2^.

^'^^^ inipf. - A^vi^

^;^^/ on clothes. — See Cliald. gl. IS^D^.zcuii «/, near, to or towards. •— See Chald. gl. ni'?.w.^:^^ f-w^ night; pi. ]za\'v\' . — See Cliald. gl. S'h.

Ko pi^as , «5';?y article of fuinitare, pot or vessel, imple-

ment, dress; pi. p|Io. — See Chald. gl. jnd.>o^:;^ something. — See Cliald. gl. Dj;"??.i^A^^o^ impf. ^oLij^ imper. zolo ^

— 63 —Comp. of ^i^ and V.^ = Chald. |{«\p^, pb^;Sam. -iz^/pl. "^mt^-

),..\vJ f. salt. —• Ar. ^JLo, Heb. n^^, Chald. n|:D, ^rp)2,Sam. 1^2,"^; in Aelh, there occurs tlie denom. verb

^Axh: salt. From this word in the sense of the sea,

is derived

.-..^, ) .N'v ^ a sailor; pi. ^.IS'Lo^ — Ar. l.S^, Heb.Chald. nb.

^^iic^ impf. .^^'Vvn?^ counsel, advise; be king, reign. —See Chald. gl. -p^,

^t^y ]k:^ a king; pi. .^^^^ who? 7vho ; also a particle = Gr. f-itv. — See Ch. gl. ip.

oiLj (for o^ ^) who is? also used for oiio ?vhat is?Chap. T. 8.

^ //w;^ of, out of etc. •— See Chald. gl. p.^^ ^IL, /(!^'/

— 64 —the Lof'fL — Ar. g^.^, e1«, 'iyX)]^, ft man ; Cliald. id,NHD, n.?9; Sam. ^^, m^^.

>a£iÄ Mard-aioQ, Matthew.

[-".^•i (7 prophet. — See Chald. gl. N2J. »jzaloj pi'ophecy, a propheet/.

jLj ^^ extended, long. — See Cliald. gl. 131j.^ long, proti'acted, slofv, gentle; \Loh^, jj^.^^= TjlNC^BN ^/6'/^' to anger,

h^y^ impf. v^j^ jop^ 2^0?^'. — See Chald. gl. -nj.]i^ fl- ?;^;^'; pi. jv^i.

]i

— 65

-..^ , impf. ).* lai,grow, increase, he great or nwnerom. —

See Chald. gl. n3d.

^_»Ls», iC^ f- 11--^^ '^'^^ much, numerous, great

;

IVjaffi , constr. ^i-IcL» , « great quantity , abundance

;

with siiff, ^Uafflj ^'-i^'"? ^o^ l_^affl ^ etc.—

^

Chald. Nj;2!iD,

nwiD, '>>1D, "»^9, i:c; Sam. (Tll^, ^tlf^; also ^Atl^« myriad.

rÄiu, impf. 9 0^103, ^/o^^, shut. — Ar. J^ ^fl-z/i a stream,Heb. irD in Nif^al, Chald. idd. Cognate rad. -^ ^"IJID, n^c; Aeth. AWIZ,: catch in a net or snare.

Ji^saa « bolt or /{(rt;;',- pi. jfaaa. •— Chald. N'iriD.. ^v^w impf. ^mai , imper. ^c^ ^ inf. ^maiÄ^ ^o up, ascend. V.

^aiol w-^ not used in I.—III. ^-^ empty, render vain and useless.

— Chald. p-iD., n.^.M^

In

.^ w f. jjLjjo j^Q-kjjo, empty, vain, useless ; pi. m.

jjL-jJo f- jLLvJo. — Chald. pnp.

/^v impf ^laii, rt'^?, w^//tr. -— See Chald. gl. IDV-^ 1^^, /ZJ^^rA-, ä^^^ä? or act, business. — Heb.

— 66 —^o'^ im[>i'. j^vi jir/ss hij or ove7\ — See Cliald. gl. "iDj;.

|I^^ npj?, 0-{1ä*E: ^^t^. Hebrc/r.

\^l\ as fa?- as, until. Comp. of ^i , "ij?, ^/v A/r r/*,til/.

and ti^, riD.

^ä:^ be narrorv, in grief or distress. — See Chald. i^l. pj?.jj,:^ £^ I^Iq:^ distress, anguish.

^^^ \LlL^ f. //^t^ eye, a fountain; pi. jiiil eyes, ]hl^

fountains. — Ar. Jj.li, Aeth. OJi?: Heb. j^y, Chald.n:iV.» Sam. ^^JTIV.

V:!^ impf. "^oLS , inf. V:Ii^, part, '^jji, f. i\L^ go in, enter.

— See Chald. gl. ^^y.V:! above, upon, on, over ; in addition to; against, etc. —

See Chald. gl. ^y.

V^ prop, a subst. signif. the upper pait ; hence as an adv.

'-V'^v upwards, ^ V^ above.>-v^v

^jiaV^ amj long indef. period of time, eternity, the

universe or tvorld. — See Chald. gl. o'py.'^clL with, along 7vith. •— See Chald. gl. oy.>a:^ iia^I, a people or nation, people, a multitude; ,_^iaiii!^

psiiLa:!. — See Chald. gl ny.]pv^ -^ v a depth, abyss ; pi. ] n '^^ v — See Chald. gl. pt2V.\K. or \xl f. sheep, goats. — See Chald. gl. ]N*y.jjoik f., \lsaL ni., ten. Hence jjiLIz ni., ]\m\lhl f.. twelve

(see ^vz). — See Chald. gl. noy.w.0^, impf. »j>o^

,/lee. — See Chald. gl. p"^y.

— 67 —

^^

^^.lils throw up, vomit; Cliald. io'^C. A more usual signif.

of this verb is escape, in which sense it occurs in the

other dialects; Ar. v^Jlit, oJUj", Heb. toSei, Sam. ^2,Z)-

Joa, wJ.3 . impf. iiaj^ /«/7^ return. 11. _.j^z| id. — Heb.HJD, Chald. NJ5, •'je, Sam. ^j^.

T T T : r I

^ABis, impf. >>caaiaij cut, decree or uppoi/tt. — Ar. ^2^of fruit that split tlieir outer covering when ripe, e. g.

the date; Chald. ppC), Sam. ?^3.

1^, li^i , « Z^'?/'^ ov portion, a lot; pi. )^. — Ar. (jdiapiece, Cliald. ^{iiD, wvniJD. Another form is |jai , pi.

\^ , Chald. D^D; Aelh. 't'4.fift: f^'A-/ /

— 68

)j3, ^ impf. i^iJi ivish, desire.—'Ar. \JJo impf. yjya.i love;

Chald. i2i{, 0'4, Sam. '^SfTI.

>o^^ impf. >co^j fast — See Chald. gl. Diij.^iiiSor

— 69 —»^^£ not used in I., he clean or pure, holy. III. ^'^ pun/y,

consecrate. — See Chald. gl. K'lp.>-*~»-H5, U~*p-o, f- \l^^l ^ \L^fL , holy, sacred. — Ar.^^d^\ or ^^tXäJI ^Vr>^/; Aeth. ^y^ti\ Chald. B^'^'lp,Sam. -^ITIT?; Heb. Phoen. H'lp (inscr. Sidon.).

Vi, jii, M^ voice, sound; pi. jii". — Ar. J^, JLS, ä;

— 70 —1^9 ^ inipf. y^fS ^ be angry. —• See Chald. gl. '31.

\y^h anger.

|?j ^ impf. 1?ji prop, tread, hence go, set out, flow; bestow

pains or labour upon, study (comp. •^n'"), educate;

chastize. — Ar. ^o. tread, stamp, crush, go, i^Ssperish; Heb. TTTs tread, go, rule ; Chald. N"i"} flon\

spread out, plough, 7'07V, chastize, rule ; Sam. ^T'i.

]?^ a jou7'ney. Also ]Lk?ii3.

._M^i be wide, spacious; have ample room; be refreshed,

relieved. V. ^-^oh\ 7viden, expand; refresh, relieve. —Ar. '.r be rvide, spacious, Heb. ni"), Chald. n^T;, Sam.

^t^r^S"^. Prob. l^^y nn, stands for ^y nzi,transposed from Cf^s, '^VTl (comp. ^'k^'^, ji^-Jj, witii

DH"), ^^>\ and ^ITI^^, w-^oj^ with 2rnj. Comp.

_^^ impf. -MOj-J breathe , smell or _^/?'^' scent; from tlie

drawing of a full breath are derived the signiC. of

'being relieved' or 'at ease', whence III. ^^^ soothe

or appease ; and of 'rejoicing'. — Ar. _fr, impf. «-1^5^/w^' (the wind); |., impf. I^j or ^j-j, .vwc// any-

thing, Heb. nnn, Chald. nn^, Syr.w»-0, Sam. ^ITI^A;

ISy impf. ^f^, r

— 71 —? not iisetl in 1., be sofl, ycnllc. III. ^? brood over asa bird. — Ar. CkKy uJ^''y be soft: Heb. Pjrin.\iLäJ^ compassionate, merciful.

h be distant, retire, depart. IV. ^^z| be removed, retire.

See Ciiald. gl. pn"".

^A-»? , i-^? . the head; pi. )^*v . — See Cliald. gl. li'n.):^i Mr^;?', c

— 72 —hum. —• Ar. v_^^xo hum, scofch, of heat and cold

;

C^ kindle, hum; Heb. D''2ti'' flame.jIjo^ heat, drought.

always with|

pref., . ..^- ^\ find, he ahle ; impf. w.»L*i,

inf. r, T.^^^^

part. ^^^iS.

iL.^ ^.ixA.^ impf. U.*.i^ cease, he quiet or ti^anqud. — Ar.^Ll, impf. ^JLLj; Heb. n^lS', 1^15^, Chald. ^2) , h^.

>^'n. ^ impf. >cix4i, he entii^e, safe or well, complete or

finished. III. joi^ ^ i^?^^-^ entire, finish, fulfil a vow.—See Chald. gl. D'ptJ^.

jT^iA., lii^.*,^ ^/^^ */:_y. /^/^

— 73 —

i^z, impf. pcii, hreak. II. j^zz) pass.— See Chald. gl. isn.iieotn^ M«? ocean. — See Chald. gl. Dinn.jli^ )-^'^5 ^ crown. — Ar. _b>, wlience the denom. verb

'IS ci'own; Chald. Njp: from the Pers. " b.

v^i , iiii})f. ^oLj , return, 7'epent. — See Chald. gl. 2in.I^oi Ä/« o.f; pl. |Voi. — See Chald. gl. Tin.Zq^z ^^/(9/«^;, beneath, undei' ; with. sufT. ^^o^z^ ^oioia-z^ etc.

— See Chald. gl. mnn.\^ol ^ def. j£i^oi « nwrn , caterpillar. — See Chald.

gl. ny'pin.

^z f., \h

AETHIOPIG VERSION.

f5>H^i\ $a: MaA-fl/fbC: -Jn: f5"a: (da^: A: i

(D^ay^o :: -tiw?\ : (D/h-c:*) n'S'. uic: ^a^:") ©fi-ft^: 2

i^

— 76 —

— 11 —

(Dwa-: AMRA-n/fec: ^^WTO-titDn^h-i-fi^Ai-:: :: ::

— 78 —8 H?klnA: cP'fl5*:•Jft^:Mli^:A

— 79 —OA^: (Dj?a: hM\:

— 80 -—

f) AP-ffi: 's^*}^: ^ij^*H:') A?-f :: (D?i

GLOSSARY.

u:

UA(D: contracted UA?: impf. JB^it: de.

UKi: impf. PUOr^i: dis^ml^, agitate. VII. •tUd)'^ : impf.- s ^ ^ ^ ,

Ji^UU)5l.' pass. — Ar. dye he silly, simple, c)^-^£oconfounded, stupified ; cogri. 'L^, impf. ^sa.^^ excite,

^^ excited, ^%s^\ violent (wind).

UIC: a city; pi. AO'l-C:— Ä^: and AU>C :— ^.-t* : : Ar.s -- ^

jÄ5> in the dial, of Yaman.

a:

A! to, fo7', according to, etc. Sign of tlie dat,, and also of

the accus. (see Chald. gl. ':'), with a preceding jtroii.

suff., e. g. Gen. II. 7. Ol-flC: 2i°iaA-n/fbC ." AA-flh:

A

— 8'2 —AO

— 83 —m-^^^/

thy servants! Gen. XLIV. 7.

/hA(D: impf. JBiibfi-: //^.

Afi^! falsehood, a lie.

it^i: impf. P/horc: sill)]. JB/T^c: (^ift-c:) impci. /^c: (/h-c:)

go- — Ar. 'La. return. Hence ihTCP' (^)tC£>

ih^ A.', iinpf. ^ihh^^: s/eer, direct, jn^otect , save. — Ar.oJ^ the helm or rudder (jlLaaIJI |jlX*«) , Aeth.A: /?6'm/^. VII. 'Tfh'hA: or VIII. I'lh'VA: id.

cPAfh4»: (ui anchor. From ^^sJ adhere to, reach or

overtake.

cPAYi: inipf. JBcPA^: r^//^?, govern. — See Chald. gl. iS?:*.AcpA^: Ä ^^r/, ^^; pi. Ai^Ä^^:: it is itself, like

DTi'^^n;, a pliir. (remnant of orig. polytheism) from "j^d

a king , which occurs in the Himyaritic inscript. (see

Rodiger's Transl. of Wellsted's Travels, p. 398, or his

„Versuch", p. 27).

— »J —

— 86 —(^ih'i '. measure, quantity, quality, worth, merit (cuiii]).

tjkj")- : as much as (lehatsoever . all)

I have vomed. Cliai). il. 10.

cPÄ"A: come, find. IV. h

remote . C^^* • /r/, obtain ; befall or happen to,

with ace. of the person, chap. I. 7, 8.

C'f'P: impf. £Z>^: and JBC^^ subj. £C0£.' take to pasture,

tend a flock. VIII. 'fZ.DP : /^^^, graze. — See Chald.

a:

a: ^^//, indeed; always aflixed (o olhei- words, as ÄlAI

A

— 88 —A*P: inipt'. ^tl^: )vaicr, irr'ujate. — Ar. ^Ju^ give to

drink, irriyate ; Heb. n|:^^ri; Arain. ipir'N, > . n a^) , ni?-^**A

and

— 89 —tihi '. inipf. JBfbh'i '. he nnahk.

A(irri(D: not used. — Ti'ififi^: walk. — Heb. ^'^^i! lead.'Khiifi \ coU. animals, cattle. — Comp. Ar. jU^Lo from^^A walk ; Syr. |-Jaij,L goods, 7vealth (orig. flocks,he?'ds), from ^, Heb. ^^|"3, Aram,^^^i:?,

*I»A-: M^? voice, sound. — See Syr. gl. vl.^^

— 90 —*P^cFi: *ie^^: and — ^f : 1. — tf^4i^: and -C%^: first.

«l»c/no: not used. VIII. •\:^'^\}\ impf. £^$^1^7; he indig-

nant at, disgusted ?vith. 'V^^^J^'. i^Ct-'. /te was

weary of his life, cliap. IV. 8. — Comp. *Iftfll! andHeb. Dip, ^\'^.

*l*oÄZ,! hedge in, surroujid. — Ar. yoJi set limits to, re-strain, imprison, shorten, cut short; yM23 be short;

Heb. iijf3, ij^p. Cognate radicals, xh&Z,: yojs^, J^,Cbald. -i:^n.

4»ÄC* a hedge, wall; castle. — Ar. l»ai' a castle;cognate woids, Heb. "i^in a courtyai'd, . L.»aÄ. a fortress,

'iyfJb^S" a cattle-pen, in Chald. N'la'in.

n:

11 : in, at or near, by, with, etc. — See Chald. gl. 3.•flUA I : This verb is very irreg. The perf. "flUA : is

only used in the sense of contradict , oppose. In

the signif. of say , speak, we find as perf. s. 3 ni.

fa: f. ^a: 2 m. ^a: f. ^aa.: 1 m. f ?\f)>: pi.

3 m. jjftA: f. ^a^: 2 m. -^aA: f. n-a^: 1 m. f.

^a.'! The a: however reappears in the apocopated

forms when they lake a sutf. , as JBaAJ, .' faA?:.'

Imperf. f-OA: subj. .EHA: imper. HA: inf -n^A"

IV. AflA: VII. -r-nOA: IX. -TQUA: say lo one an-

other, contradict one another, dispute.

flAU! impf. ii/lAO: subj. J?*!!AD! swallow, eat. devour. —See Clialil. i^l. ypD.

— 91 —QfhC' the sea, a lake, a large I'iver (comp. d"", Ij); pi.

A-fifhC^ :: Ai. JÄJ.

•flxibC: a country, nation; pi. -flrfbZi^: and n'ha)'C^ !

:

Ar. Sw^!L3.

fl»poA: anil R^A: iiiipf. fn*P^A.: shoot forth, sprout. —Ar. JlL. Hence i\^k\ a plant, Ar. JlL, Syr. jLos.

•n2in: impf. £-n?ifi: be bad, ?vicked, difficult. VIII. -l-flAii:

or IX. 't'QAfl: use violence, strive, fight. — See CIi.gl. ^^1.

fi/^ful a man, a person. 'fl/\A.^! a woman.

pa: impf. ^nor^i: subj. ^a?i: imper. QA: enter. IV.

A-flA:: Heh. xl3, Ar. eb retm'n.

flU"?: (^6? numerous.

•flpf'i: (form na':^), f. -fill's^: (bizzukht) w^/r>^, w^;?^.

n.l': /^^y^^ M-T' /^/jy/f/. — Ar. cjU, impf o^aa:5, Aram. n3,impf. n^2^ 2^, impf za^^, A3, impf. A/Tl^fn.

ft^: a house, temple; pi. A-AJP^!.' Ai". ^.u/Ij, lieb. IT'S,

Plioen. n2, pi. DPiD (inscr. Sidon.), Aram. Nn;>2, Nfl^S,

n.BJ! between, among; for, on account of —• Ar. Aajinterval, from ^^U '^'^' separate, ^L between , among :Heb. 1^3, Aram. ^2, ]i3, 'jlHlS- Usually comp. with

2\

— 92 —n/?/h: impf. JJflÄrh: subj. ^-flHfh: cojne to, reach lo ;

happen.

fl'&AI vow.

•n^Ai": a vow.

^h.'t'. under, adv. do?v}i. fld'fh't: below, beneath; Ar.

Oi^JO (%J0. — See Chald. ffl mnn&'l'CAjfi: ti'"'ll'~in, Tartessus.

't'^QH: impf. ^"t^aH: be sad, grieved.

^*0*H ! grief, soi^row.

•i:

•JA.* : iiiipf. ?'i\, into; at, near; according to. With sufT. "JftP ! etc.

•JflZ.: and 'i'iXl^'. be united. — See Chald. gl. "iDH.•ifl'C^ (form lis':) united; adv. ace. fifbZ.! together.

^PA: impf. Ji'i.Efi: ^tf better, preferable.

-iXi: impf. P-J;?"2: subj. .E'iJ?"^: /6^«^^, forsake. Jfi^li'.

QfhC" that the sea way leave us, i. e. 7nay subside,

go down.

•i'i'h: impf. P-J^Ji: not to find, not to have. VII. •t"J^A:

not to be found, be concealed, withdraw secretly, ab-

scond. — Ar. ^Ja-=^

~ 93 —Heb. i

-_ 94 —ifin: impf. JBi-n-n: speak.

ia^: a prophet; pi. iaj*^:: 1. ia^i*: or ja^::

Hence "tiflP : prophesy, ^la^.' fl- prophecy. — See*Chald, gl. ^s*2J.

^I-P'E: a sailor; pi. ^T^P^: (for — J'CD'J*^:). — Ai^^y>-> pl- (^"'^5 ^''y- From Gr. vavTrjg.

ii's: ii^: ni:^:, Mneveh.

'i'htv'. inipf. JBlTifi." be sntall, youny.

I^fi: (form n^a'p), f. 1?ifi^: (ni'Tist) and i\tv\

(as if from a masc. i/i.fi.') .v/;/

— 95 —Chald. gl. under i]j); comp. Genn. in ein anderes

Land ziehen, and Ital. trui^rc.

i^ti'. hi^eaih, the soid, life; i4tjflP: / myself. — SeeChald. gl. 15'SJ.

i^t\.\ the ?vind: pl. 14."^^ •

h\

K'- not. When pref. to any part of a verb commencing

with the letter h'. it converts it into P." as h.JP?i

— 96 —'tiLj, Turk. Ajo gitmek, our owii

he is gone, etc.). IV. htv\"t\ impf. J*A^^: cause to

depafi, re?)iove, take off.

hi'. 1; with the enclit. fi! it becomes A?ä:: pi. Irlii!! See

Chald. gl. }

— 97 —"hYJl llwn , tluTcfore ; usually preceded by (he iuterrog.

enclit. f-.'.'

KH>\ not.

A^P: impf. PAYl.: be bad, wicked.

5\^£: 7vickedness ; pi. 2i^J*^::

?i^.E: (form -iiD^) 7mcked, f. 2\^^ : (ikklt, for5\!n.E^:

as u>dAj, pi. of (jÄAjf ^i*/??'/^, for uä-o), as a subst.

evil, a misfoj'tune.

ä(dp(d:: See D(d-P(d::

AHH: impf. ^h.'H'H: wW^;-, conwiand. VIII. -I-AHH:

— 98 —Ki(f^'. as, ii/ce; conj. //?: be, become. Like Ar. ^jl?,

H>i\ has the accus. after it; e. g. (DitWi: A2i

— 99 —(for (DA.^^:) a daughte?- , a girl; pi. ATA..^^: and

ATAJ?-::

OrihH: inipf. jedTrhH: subj. PAH: flo?v.(DiCC^\ subj. Jil^R-'. imper. U^'. go down, de-

scend.— Heb. "11^, Ar. 3^ 5 gen. in the restricted senseof ^

— 100 —oppress, |*?:^in, |^1?:>n an oppi'csso?- (see Geseniiis' The-

saurus ; and as to the interchange of U! and n,

comp. Z,^fi: zy-i he hungry, OBS: J..,fl»=* t'

— 101 —UlflH! faint, he faint, fainthearted, despond. — Coiinctied

with (j/aa£ he dark, jLj^ faint twiliyht (conip. ^^j;, ^y^-)

OdrPCD: ini[)f. pop: cj-y out, lament. — Ar. ^"ys, howl,^:l JPl^ the jackal (Heb. c^N* from

a rad. nix); Syr.

]iil^ |o and |o|o.

^J?: go 7'ound. — Heb. *ilj? surround. — Hence OCD'.^!a circle, an asscmhly (conip. 'isXs^).

— 102 —cutters of wood, i. e. carpenters; according to Augus-

tine, iar)\ Aram. j;n% ^^J;, AV, ^V, alsoNC'ip, \Aj1.nop I produce ivorms. Denom. from

O^: a worm, maggot, cateiyillar ; pi. ^^SJP^"

h:

H : f. 'Ki'V \ 7vho, 7vhich, that; pi. m. f. 2iA

:

'. Like tlie cog-

nate n in tlie Aram, dialects, it is used to circumscribe

the genit., as ^"H^^C^ H.^'E^: a psalm of David,

^M^: H8;?-^l: (DH:5^?i5: a description of the7'ighteous and of sinners, HA^^Ä '. ?i1't \ 'hlW.K'iXiibQ.'.this is the gate of the Lord. It is also used as a

conj. that. — See Chald. gl. n.*H: accus. H! f. H\ this, that; pi. in. JiA! f. 2iA" Hence

'O.cP'H: thus, 2i

^

103

p:

VCFt'i'. the right side, right hand. — See Cliald. gl. ]iD\P-flft : inipf. X^P-ftA : dry up, wither. — See Cljalcl gl. ]i;2\

P-flfi: the d?'ij land.

Pffl! Itovag, Jonah.

£'h't'.: See (D-Ji-t:::

fXtt: ^wi*. — Comp. of Zh: = t^Vi fhis (as in ^X-t:),and a subst. denoting äme, which appears in liie Ar.

jf, 16 (, ?^/^^;?, t^lUsä. Ihen, ^\'^\^ then, Heb. TN, Aram.

in'"?. ' ^iTlTA, and Aeth. ^TiHI ?«^//

— 104 —Ar. J^4^ act, do, whence J^ practice, as opp. to9"JU theory.l-flC: «5- .v^/^

I

I

— 105 —"JÄ"! (he face, countenance, surface, front.

l-^^ls.'^ overturn, destroy. VII. 1*14^^^: Ije ovei'turned,

destroyed. Appar. comp. of \SjL tilt over a vessel and*

pour out its contents , dash to the ground, and Ucs

break. Cognate words in actual use in Aeth. are 14^0:

attack, insult (Ar. il^. dash to the ground, \1^ in-

sult), and &,^'V\ break (Heb. riD, Ar. v^U).

m:

'J^^ ! t^f??'^, excessively.

IIl^tA! (5'd? e.vtinguished, perish. IV. Ä^4tA! extinguish, de-

stroy. — Ar. ^e^b, Cliald. t^sip, "idd.

a:

AAA ! impf. ^ÄAA ! give shade, overshadow.ÄAA°^: shade, shadow. — See Chald. gl. hh^.

ÄAP: inipf, JiÄA.: pray, vow. — See Chald. gl. vb'^.äA?^! prayer ; pi. ÄAfit^.'.'

Ä \ labour, bestow labour upon, be

distressed or afflicted.

ÄCih • a temple or palace ; pi. AÄÄih : : Ar. Jo

,

Heb. nnv-

äCJ: rr?/ r>w^. — Ar. X>^, II

— 106 —^

Heb. h^^, Aram. ii'pD, ^

t07 —^^Jj, IJ^, rbQ, j-U, ^, ^jll, ^, nhe, andcognale words.

Zi.W/fi: not used. VII. •t'-Ä.Wih: iiupf. £^ZoUI/h: r^V)/ctf,

^(" ^/(T/G?. — Ar. 2Jal be clear, ^s^ llj « c/

— 108 ~Afli>^' inipf. JEA^C' ci'eate. — Ar. "- U;. See Gesenius'

Thesaurus, art. Ti?^.

-^t^Z,^; c7-eation. — Ar. jjJai.z.Ä

ARABIC VERSION.

|U

— no —

7 j.^'f (tXjc |V-UlJ Pr^^ l«JL«j' &-^LoJ 1*-^^ J*^)-'' JLi'^

^-Lc iLcyiJf cyvLoi ljX.*JCsLs LiJLLc :&l^ Jwo (^S-o (%-*

V"*^ (^1 ;j«:^5 ^"^^5^ u:?)^ i^^ "^^^ vJ^.^ c^^5 ^^^*"^-*^ ^*^

(j«c auf I^^J-fi- j^UjI ^!1^U ^!^ O.JI-CO fJ Uo äJ iyb^

1 1 Jo ÄÄ.OJ Ij Ui xJ tyU I^»-*Li.| UlU ' Lov^c äJ^I j»I Jj'

-Lb ^l ^^^ ^A^i'T ^pf fJ^ ^f pi? J>% pCl^

14 LlLLc >,;/-w.;S5Ji Nl ^f \d^ ^j^ iu4^ !^5 ^^y'T |IcL'i

1 6 ^j^ u-'-^l J^-V '^'^Vi 'ÄÄ.1^1 '')cJtX^^ r^-' vÄ^»^Li

') ViilK. lor cSl. ^) Ms. U'Jii hikI U^' . '') VuIk- For ^jj^'

') Ms. I^vi'^ 'iiid LsjJ.

— Illl.stXS. Vr'M .^H^*^ '»^^'^5 '

112 —

jjiifT ju^f

3 ^*Aaj« Vr^^ J-^tP t^^ ^y^

— 113 —

5^^^•

j jviCtXAJ jv-U [*-§-»-£ *y^)5 ^""^-^ '^y^ &yMjj\

^x^. f I j.s>. dU3 (^^ ^y^? '

114

!^^i:>. ci/^A^J ^-^ ^tf^ {s'^i-^ ^Y^ U )*:? V) " ^I

lOjlii 'yij^l 15"^*^ t5^7^^ '^^^ (J^?^ ^^ ^T^' '^^

jJiS^I Lg^ ^^äJI x+AJäjiJl xotXiJI i^^-o ^-Lc Ql ^3Ä*ol

Lvnc"^ ;ujLo ^'^äJ! rj'*-^r:? ^V^^ ^^-^^r^ ^^' ^r*-^ i^

'') Ms. juj J> . "^) Ms. /i^ . >) Ms. *-^U>|.

GLOSSARY.

I

! inlerrog. particle; always joined in writing to the following^#

word, as iJt. — See Chald. gl. n.^ a father; gen. u*f, ace. Ll ; in the construct state, nom.

y^\, gen. j|, ace. Ll; du. ,jl^l t?vo fathers, also

father and ??iother; pi. gGt fathers, ancestors. — SeeSyr. gl. ^1.

^jL See ^i:.

^•|, inipf. ^b, co/fw. — See Chald. gl. np^?.jÄ^I Ä rervard., hire; pi. >»ä.!. See Chald. gl. ijx.

J^l rrt'/zA'tf (to be carefully distinguished from Ja-! /«/^,

death)) S^'S^ or J^t (j^

— 1 16 —^A f. the earth, the (/round, a country : pi. ,jr*^;'' u^V'— See Chald. gl. yix.

i^Awi • o6e V » t>N\(j--ji

—I 17 —

lU! in front, be/ore; \)V()\). (he ace. of a noun ^Ul

the front.

1^1 impf. pij, imper. "Jo, order, command, — See Chald.

-wxit, inipf. J^^Lj, be void of fear, secure, confidein. IV.

-^f ;;/^/A-6' safe, protect, with ^, ^^//^«;^ in, whence

!,UjI ^^//^/^ /«^"^Ä. — See Cliald. gl. p«.J)^T, ^!;juol, |CK, Amen.

'J conj. //^«/. After verbs of wishing, fearing, ordering,

etc., and in s'en. when a relation of design or cau-

sation is expressed, it requires the subj., as: ^\ ol^l

\SSl \dS Joilj / fear that he will do so and so,

LoJ'\ ;^\ ZiSs\ I wished to do him honour; but if merely

introducing the statement of a fact, it is followed by

the perf. or impf. indie, as JiT" Q\ il^ / wonderthat he wrote, ^lil ^f pif / know that he is asleep.

!J conj. that, followed by a noun or pron. in the ace,

e. g. (j! j^jy^Jj' «J (jt^ J>ltXij ^^-^ ^[^ '-^^y^ c)' ^5^/^ w ;Y'/r//t'^ //^ä/ a certain shaikh in Bagdad had two

disciples, dlU ^yl^ ^6' '^^1 ,^^ ''^ "" related that

there ivas in Egypt a king. With the sutf. 1 pers.

sing, the form ^ is equally common with ^\.r.| conj. if In correlative clauses, as the

general rule, it

requires the verb of each clause to be in the perf. or

the jussive, as: c>Xi^ JJ

-- 118 —Jjt^ a particle liaving llie sense of utiqiic or profccto , and

followed by a noun or pron. in the ace, e. g. aJU! ^J^^

jjtXs feje^ J^ jJLt p?w/'ccto Deiis omnipoiens est.

In many cases it does not admit of any transl. into

English, e. g. ^UU* L^J *j /^

— 119 —^} where? ^f ^ whence? ^\ ^J whither? — See

Chald. gi ]x.

v»j in, af or near , hy, with, on account of, e(c. — SeoChald. gl. 2.

wSXj f/^^ *

— 120 —XXV. 9, 2 Sam. VII. 11, '27; Turkish k^'^\ evlen-

niek, marnj, from J ev, a house). — Heb. n^3-, Aram.

^t^ « .V6'/^; pi. gl-o', (jr*-?- f'^ stating names of per-

sons, it takes the form \1, hut only when immediately

preceded and followed by a proper name; e. g. one

j**w ^ iJuT tXlt may also be spoken of is^y^'j^jLLo ^|. — Heb. Phoen. |3 ("|3, "|l); in Aram,only the [)1. ]i:3 , ^v^^ r^^I^^ occurs. — The fern,is xjot or c:Uj « daughter, pi. c^juj , Heb. Phoen.

n? (for njr), with sufT. inr, Aeth. -fl^^: in tlie phrase

ftl't: UJEl: the pupil of the eye; Aram. pi. JJ 2, r^

,

^^S. — See Chald. gl. ^2.^_gj not used. IV. jv.^1 a'/^

— 121 —Syr. Uia^'i . fifi interpreter (Kal. turcimanno, Portug.

turgimäo , truyunao, Fr. drogvian, Engl, dragoman).

X ^ -^ , V a translatioji , histo?'y , chapter or section; pi.

I^Q. — Chald. Qinr..jj*.ou*,l?, OaQOig, W'>W'\P}., Tartessus. The geographical Lexi-

con entitled c^Lb!^l JcoI»jo has yÄ.A*c/J>.

ijli, inipf. iJJij, /^'«2^^ or abandon, let. — See Chald.gl. inn.

IS , impf. Iäj , be whole, entire, conq)lctc or finished; finish,

— Heb. DH.d\3, inipf. *-5ycj, repent. — See Chald. gl. Din.

Ij ä c?'o?vn or tiara; pi. j^Lssoo. — See Syr. gl. Lz.

äj^" or SJiJLj, f. o-^' or loJLS', three. — See Chald.gl. n^n.

Xjli, f. liJb, //«>•«?. — See Aeth. gl. WAA::^Uj|, f. ^l^|> u;'-^' ^'^^- Hence wCi^ Uj|, f. ulil

slcLc, twelve; vulg. ^ji^lliM. See wCi»ji and Chald.

gl. pn.

jjli, f. JLoLj, second. — See Aeth. gl. AfJB::»p ä;«

— 12'2 —'^ — .

, %, . %. -0 * V ^Ju^sa. {/ moutdain ; pl. JLaä», J^s»', lS*^'-

Is^^, impf. *^., and *-äs.., impf. jv^., hum.

Ijusvä* ä fiercely hirning fire ; hellfire, hell.

tXÄ. impf. 4Xs?o, tXs^J, exert one's self, be diligent, serious.

jkÄ. diligence, zeal , ea?mestness (opp. to Jy^) ; adv.

ace. fjcs. exceedingly, very.

(jUL:^, inipf. yJl^., i^//. — Heb. M}1\.V^^, impf. j*-^s\^_, nnite, collect, assemble.

«A4Ä- /^^ whole, all.

tX^, iinpf. J^ÄJ,

— 1'23 —jjys^, ini|)f. ^C^J hc sad, sor?ofr/'t(/. IV. ^yLl niakv s/kL

distress. — See Aelh. gi. ih*Hi::jjwÄ and ^ya. sorrow, grwf. — Aelh. ihH3f::

s.>-k.,c=k, inipf. v_;L^i:vS, count, reckon. To be carefully dis-

lingiiished from .J^^y^r^ , inipf. ,^1,.^*^^ or ,..1,^1.^^

M////-. — Aetli. ihiia : Heb. 2;i''n, Aram. 2;i'n,

JaÄÄ, i 1111)1". JiA^v^j, /dw/^/^ or observe, keep, guaid, pre-

serve, retain in the memory. — Syr. ^^lLI incite, e.v-ho?'t, encou7'age.

(^jji. , iiii|)f. ;3.s\j and ^^.^ , be necessary, pj'oper, right.

Just. — Hel). pn (see Gesenius' Thesaurus), Aetli.AIT I appoint, ordain.

^3.^ /^'/^r//' M' right and proper, truth, Justice, equity :

^j^ truly, verity. — Heb. pn a law, Aetli. /h°i:law, religion.

^^^, iiiij)!" ^^4^su, /y^' /^w/7//, /^ry/. Cognate I^ , impf. I:^/,'///7;/, impf. j;^:^ /yc /yr/zvy/. — See Syr. gi >a^

^Aetli.

gl. rhcP;:

v;i>^ ^/ //.v/^; pi. ^Iäaä., cuI^I.

icL-*, impf. Jc^;s\j, guard, preserve. W . JcLäI surround:construed willi v^.

c>j^ where, when.

^, inij)!". ^^^, and ^^xk, impf. ^^IäS< ///v. — SecChald. gl. N^n.

S^^ and 1\1L life. — Acdi. fh^CD^"

— 124

1/>L, inipf. vl^xj, knorv ; ^-*X, impf- v-^^^j ^^ ve?'sed or

experienced in ; "S^, impf. j-^^^^o, experience. IV. ^-»-s>f

infoivn of, report, relate.

_1ä., impf. _^ w^j , ^(9 out. Part. adj. c^^U*. ^

— 125 —

J^o, inipf. (IäJo, ^«^

— 126 —ciJli" ^jJI to L.o: JUL^Ä^ l(j> Lo tvhaf is tluj trade or

profession ? — See Aetli. gl. "H \ \Jlj, 1". Jli, dLo; dii. noni. ni. dLjtj>, f. J^jli'; pi. dLj!!Nl,t,

d^f^t; this, that

viJUlJ, ^[^j, f. dLb; do. nom. ni. >iJlSlj, f. viJLilf; pi. viJLJ^I^I

(scarcely used) ; ^/^/*, that. — dtj is comp. of iJ> andthe pron. suff. J; JLJj of the same words Nvitli the

as.

addit. of the demonstr. letter J (see ;^jJ!). hi old

writings the pron. suff. is regularly declined according

lo the number and sex of the persons adressed, e. g.

////.v M" //

— I'i7 —(firsl syll. sliorl), f. ^jUj. — K is really llie sameword as Aram. 11, 1, ?. Heb. HT, "i", t". nXi.

;

(^L /'//r //^Y/r/; pi. ^^^y LT^^)- — ^*^^ Cliald. i>l. tJ'1?.\j\y *-ij;, iiiipf- ofjjj ^^j)' '"M*^- "-^97:?' ^^^ compassionaU

or merciful. Connected wiOi -_"4^j (^^' ^

— ri8 —j> . , inipf. Oyl, send or give back, restore; avert; reject

or refuse; answer , confute.

^\, inipf. (c^jj, f

— 129 —(3^-**», inipf. ;3aa*o, i^aww-o, pi'cccdc, anticipate, outrun,

excel.

J-^ m. f. a road or //rt'//^ ?vay, method, conduct ; pi. JlLv.— Heb. h^^m, Aram. KADIS', U-^a^, "^IITIS^**.

J.Ä.Lu Mt' seashore, beach, coast ; pi. Jl!s^|«1vC ; in pari.

J^L^JI Ihe coast of Syria and Palestine. — Conip.äjIä., Heb. F]")n; Aram, "i^p, Ij^.

JkÄu/, impf. jXwj, and Jläaa/, impf. J^a*«_3, (^

— 130 —^Lw, impf. ij-lj, he had or wicked; injure, Jmrt, distress.

sll , ?w*L , evil, wickedness, an evd or calamity^

gll JlL; « ^L1, impf. I>5-Io, ^^ /^?^'^^^ or master of, rule over.

tXlIw a lord OY master, chief prince; pi. stjLL, ci^!t>Ll.

Vulgarly contracted into sid (sldi, ?;^y /i^rc?, sir, a title

like --^ — hence the Cid — still farther abbrev. si),and the fern. stXil into J^^ sitt. — Heb. Dntt' falsegods, idols; Aram. N^'ii' an evil spirit, demon (Z. d.

D. M. G. vol. IX. p. 481), IjU

jLl, impf. yAA*o, ^6>, /r'^'refractory , "yip an enemy.

— 131 —wcc, evil, wickedness, a crime, misfoi'tume , pi. >. li;

adj. bad, wicked = ''y^Jj, pi. ^I^-, ;l/^'- —Hel). ^p.

Ovxo, inipf. o>-Äj, ^^ hiffk ; Ow^i, inipf. oLiJ /^

13'> —JkJLo , iiiipf. iXsuoj) , (jo up, ascend. IV. Sju£>\ id, —

Heb. ij;^.

yLo , inipf. yuaJ, be small; li^, inipf. vi^aj,

— 133 —^xia, inipf. ^tln^, taste, cat. — See Cliald. gl. DVD-

«JLb , iiiipf. >*JiJaj,

^JUoj ,

134

t

lis., im])f. llij, jMss over. — See Chald. gl. IDJ?.^IIIä Hcbi-ew.

lie, imj)f. jJJu, stumble.

»Li£ adversity., calamity; chap. II. 7 (I am not how-

ever certain that this is the correct reading).

ol^, impf. o^, know.

s^-cLc, f. wcLt, /

— 135 —-Xc. over, above, upon, on, in addition (o , notwifJi-

siandiny, against, etc. — See Cliald. gl, ^y,J^, iiiipf. J4JIJ, labou?', 7vork, do.

Jw*x^ laljour , work, deed or act; a district or y^y-

vernmcnt; pi. JUxt.

^j^ r//my //'oz^i, from; ivithout; after. With suff. I^

,

^iJCU, etc.

Ufc, impf. yjL>, and ^^li, impf. ^xJ, distress or

— 136 —ness, whence originafe (lie A\irions signif. of a) diffi-

cult)/ (O^A.'), b) calamity {Z^uiks. of a year of famine

caused by drought, \_^.m^ |**j and ^_,^>ajy>a^) , c) steru-

ncHS or severity (O^-fi:), d) anger (vl^.^, 2iJj;), e) op-

pression, affliction (2^V, >J/w.OmC, vIaAt.); 4) of violent

exertion , zeal, perseverance {Cj-j^, C^^^yCL^-V-, sS-^^Jw,

'iljs.jCLS. patriotic or religious zeal) , and in a more ge-

neral sense of toil, labour, work (D^y, 2^^, 3?iy.)-

Comp. the various signif. of (lie rad. lX^ , "rw and

S ^ ^ ^ -' 0*^

(^jjli //^

— 137 —progi^ession or an mici'nal connectmi, as of cause and

effect and the like. Hence it may be very variously

translated into English, according as the context de-

mands. Sometimes by then (in which case it may

also be altogether passed over), as: fj^ oJU' ^\^

^jJvilXlItJJ.-0

cioLi // thou hast said this, (then) thou

art an tmbclieve?' ; ^yuoU xJUt ^y^^ p^ jjl'z/ ^

— 138 —(j-wä, impf. ^vlj, be afraid.

^"yi fear.

jL«ai, impf. JuiAj, divide. — Syr. '^.^.Jcoi a division, difference or distinction, chapter or

section, season of the year; pi. ^^yciz.

^ in, on, concerning, in cofnparison with.

Jui*, iiiipf. JuJb? come towards, approach; receive or ac-

cept. IV. Juj| approach, in a friendly manner, receive

kindly, in a hostile manner, attack; undertake anything,

— See Chald. gl hl\>.Juj prop, that which is opposite ; adv. ace. äJJj ^-'^

/«V possession; sJS3 A^

— 139 —s(Xs, impi. si)]lCj|or (jA.JJL^JI ci/wxj or ^j^dX^S v:i;yo Jerusalem, — SeeChald. gl. K'-lp.

o , oty^tXi' purity, sanctity ; hence JIjJlII Jei'usalem, l.lJI

y^LViJI or (j-tXiiJt _^v ///

— 140 —v^JLä the inne?'most part, hitei^ior ; lience pith, kernel, mar-

7'0?v, the heart; pi. i^^JU*. — Heb. D"ip.jli', impf. JJlj, say, speak. — See Syr. gl. Vo.lis*, impf. *Jij, stand up, rise, stand. — See Chald. gl. D^p.

yS people, a people , a nation; pi ^lysf-

J

Jj , impf. wJo , ^

— 141 —^"^S speech, address; iJJI J3S tlte word of God.

'i^JS a ?rord; pi. Af, ^J^JS".

jjl^, impf. ^JQ, ^

— 142 —always when followed by the neg. !sl (as dJ j Jli U5l

|V-l*iLj L_ä:Sx;uMj iuJ ^^ ^fl'/V/ this only in order that

learning might not he disparaged — ^Llf for 5l ^j5l ).5l no, not. When = h^, it is followed by the Jussive. —

See Chald. gl. n*^.

^^J, for !^ljj!^, ?>^ Wä?^r //^ä^ — not. See J.^ a * * a*

^J^^and ^j^ because, since. See /!»!, J^l, and J.

J^, impf (jlJJb' i'^^'^ ^'^ clothes. — See Chald. gl. if'^?.JuU. See J^.

A5^!Sl or (%jCI (^^z/. Before nouns and pron, suff. it takes

the form "jXI, and is construed with the ace. (but' a '

^IjO as well as ^jXi).

rtJ not; followed by the Jussive, as vä-ÄwH v_aäj ^jJo IJ /*

— 143 —The same word is used as conj. i?i as far as (Lo

*Ai'ji»j\ in as /a?' as I can , as much as I can), as

long as (LIä. v^yujt^ U as long as I remain alive),and ho?v (in one of llie verbal forms of expressing

wonder, e. g*. dyol C/^\ Lo ^6>;2> strange is yonr

conduct! oojÄ. Lo Jui-I Lo /^^;^' violent is your grief!).

From it too has sprung

Lo not. See Gesenius' Hebr. Gr. 1 6 th ed., p. 239. note*

of the Engl, transl.

cUOo 7vares, me?'chandise, utensils, fu?'?iiture ; pi. JUJuol.

^Jjo, ^'hj^ ^ Mard-aiog'.^ the prophet Jonah is called by the

Arabs ^^ä>o ^j u^^-

JOuo, Jcoo, impf Jca4-5, 5/««^ ^r^^"^; Jouo, impf Jul»j, ^^

//Ar, resemble; make like, assimilate, compare. —Aeth. ^AA: or

— 144 —viLLo, impf. dUUj, be maste?' of, possess. — See Chald.

viLLo mi o?me7' or possesso7\ king ; pl. J5X0 .

^ (in Egypt. J^ or ^j-v^) who? — See Chald. gl. p.J^ //'i^^i'^ 6»/^

— 145 —"^S , impf. ^Jj , /cY/r or pu/i ofj', snatch mvay. — Cognate

words ill Heb. are yo: and riDJ.

Jo, impf. Jwvj, ^^wtf

— 146 —ijL^, fj^, f. sjjc, ^jja, this; du. nom. m. ^tj^, f.

^liso; pl. ^lJyc.

—

Comp. of li> = N*n, ioi, and 13.CS^, impf. J>^, /^^.

G - ^(^wio flight.

JkXl^ anything large or bulky, espec. « /ä-r^*? building,

palace, temple. — See Chald. gl. ^z"»n.viJUL^, impf. viJULgj, and dU^, impf. dULgj, die, pe?'ish. —

See Chald. gl. i^n.

JU^ /^^r^, //^^r^. Comp. of Ujc Ä

— 147 —äoy 7vcight; sloyimess in motion, delay or ftcsi/adon

;

stcdfastness or gravity, patience, endurance (eonip.

^^i^, nj^^). Formed like axJo ease, affluence, from

^Oj; iU-^\o indigestion, from [V^^; sUo a prop, staff,

cushion, from LXbl (l^'i); iU^J' suspicion, from 1^:;

farther ^"^kS^ confidence, from Ji:, cyljJ inheritance,

from vin^; ^_£j /

— 148 —Uvei- tip. As to these difT, signif., conip. the rad. D'rti^,

jJLww, and en, *J', in the several dialects.

LiLj, IDJ

Jaff'a, or Joppa.

yloj, inipf. (jl^^^j ^^ «/>•/

2

n

n

1

Syriac Alphabet.

P

n

Vowels :

Arabic Alphabet.

c1J}

Aethiopic Alphabet.

Samaritan Alphabet.

X

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