The bones of limbs

The lower Limbs

By Khaled Na3im

The pelvic girdle = 2 Hip bones + Sacrum

The hip bone ( coxa ) consists of three components:

ilium,

pubis,

and ischium.

Acetabulum and obturator foramen

The ilium

a body a wing or ala :iliac crest → anterior

superior iliac spine , posterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine , posterior inferior iliac spine, tubercle of iliac crest

other structures: iliac fossa and arcuate line

The ischium

a body :ischial tuberosity a ramus:ischial spine , lesser sciatic notch

greater sciatic notch

The pubis

a body: iliopubic eminence and 2 rami:

inferior ramus superior ramus : pecten pubis,

pubic tubercle

Sciatic foramina

The Bones of Lower Limb

femur, patella tibia, fibula,

and bones of foot .

The femurThe upper end: a head … a neck …, and two trochanters …The shaft: is convex anterior linea aspera ( post. Surface ) gluteal tuberosity pectineal line The lower end: medial condyle and lateral condyle, medial and lateral epicondyles adductor tubercle

Femur: Posterior

TibiaFibula

Femur

Lateral condyleMedial condyle

Linea aspera

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

PelvisHead of femur

The patella

Bursae Related toKnee joint

The tibia

The upper end: medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence , tibial tuberosity, The shaft: soleal line, interosseous border The lower end : medial malleolus, fibular notch

The LegFemur

Tibia

Fibula

Tibial tuberosity

Talus (tarsal bone)

Medial malleolusLateral malleolus

Medial condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of tibia

Lateral condyle of femur

Medial condyle of femur

Knee cap

The fibula

The upper end: a head …and neck …The shaft: interosseous border

The lower end : lateral malleolus

The bones of the foot:

three parts: . the tarsal bones are 7,

. the metatarsal bones are 5

. the phalanges

The tarsal bones

proximal row: talus, calcaneus, navicular and cuboid

distal row: medial, intermedial and

lateral cuneiforms

Medialcuneiform (1)Intermediate

cuneiform (2)

Lateralcuneiform (3)

NavicularA boatIt sails on the Cs

Talus

Calcaneus Cuboid

Tiger Cubs Need M I LC

Foot Quiz

A

B

C

D

E

F

GH

J

A. Phalanges

B. Metatarsals

C. Cuboid

D. Calcaneus

E. Talus

F. Navicular

G. Medial Cuneiform (1)

H. IntermediateCuneiform (2)

J. Lateral Cuneiform (3)

Anatomical DrawingsCopyright Free Anatomical Drawings:

• Online:• Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions.

Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/

• Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergmanhttp://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtmlGreat drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s.

• Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan):• Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration.

Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free.• Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte.

Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg. • The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull.• This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis)• Make your own photographs & drawings using our models

Medical Mnemonics

Some are in books like this:

• Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster.

There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics:

• http://www.medicalmnemonics.com

Try making up your own