The Bonds of Empire

Chapter 4

The Line of English Kings

Stuart Crest

Commonwealth Flag

The Stuarts rule led England to want to dominate the world, leading to more royal authority on the colonies

The Line of English Kings (James II)

After Charles II revokes the charter of Massachusetts, James II went a bit further and established the Dominion of New England to control their actions and deny them rights

The Glorious Revolution

James II is Catholic and his people are mostly Protestant so he is removed from power and replaced by William and Mary

The French and the Mississippi

King William and Queen Anne’s wars made England even more connected with the colonies as conflicts between them and France spilled over to the American front

Mercantilist Empires

The powerful British navy was able to use their navy to establish the Navigation Acts to help protect the British economy and tie it to the colonies. What was the economic impact of mercantilism on the colonies?

Population Growth and Diversity

“Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a colony of aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of Anglicanizing them, and will never adopt a language or customs any more than they can acquire our complexion”

-Benjamin Franklin

What was the social impact of the diverse population in the colonies?

Rural v. Urban Colonial Life

What were the differences in social and economic lifestyles of the poor rural farmer and the urban colonial elites?

Oglethorpe and Georgia

The population in Georgia increases as the British realize the need to populate territories before other Europeans or Native Americans claim the land

Enlightenment and Awakening

What affect did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have on social and political ideas in the colonies?

Independence and Nationhood

Looking at the Revolutionary War and its Aftermath

Chapter 5

French and Indian War

Chapter 5.1

The Road to Revolution

Chapter 5

Early Tensions

• Writs of Assistance

• George III Becomes King

• Proclamation of 1763

Why were the British interested in creating these tensions?

How did the colonists react to the tensions?

Sugar Act

• The Sugar act imposed a tax on sugar

• The act also imposed laws that attempted to stop smuggling and illegal trading with other nations

• The British set up courts and tried colonists who broke these laws (why?)

• Despite less crime the colonial economy worsened, hurting British revenue, and they eventually repealed the tax

The Stamp Act

George Grenville

The Stamp Act Resistance

• The colonists resisted due to “no taxation without representation”

Dissenting groups were:

1)House of Burgesses

2)Sons of Liberty

3)John Peter Zenger

Declaratory Act

• Gives Britain the right to tax colonies (what was the purpose for passing this?)

Resistance to Act:

1)Enlightenment Resistance (economic)

2)Great Awakening Resistance (moral)

Townshend’s Acts

• Quartering Act (why were soldiers still there?)

• Townshend Acts (what was their purpose?)

Resistance against the Acts:

1)John Dickinson – “Letters From a Farmer”

2)Samuel Adams – “Circular Letter”

What did these two letters ask for?

Parliament and the Colonists

• Colonists created a nonimportation agreement, so Parliament:

1)Lord North (prime minister) eliminates taxes except for tea tax

2)British Racketeering (what is the effect?)

3)John Wilkes

4)Troops sent to Boston

Colonists Response

After the taxes continued colonists:

1)Nonconsumption Agreement on tea

2)Sons and Daughters of Liberty protests

3)Boston Massacre (propaganda?)

4)Committees of Correspondence

5)Backcountry Rulebreakers

Tea Act turns to Intolerable Acts

• Tea Act allows East India Trading Company to send tea at lower prices (so why are colonists angry?)

• Boston Tea Party

• Intolerable Acts

The Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts

African-American “Liberty”

• British attempted to claim the slaves would be freed if they supported Britain (what reaction did colonists have to this?)

• Lord Dunmore’s slave army in Virginia

First Continental Congress and Response

• Suffolk Resolves

• Declaration of Rights sent to George III

British Responded with:

1)Troops (Thomas Gage)

2)Seizing weapons at Lexington and Concord (Paul Revere)

3)Olive Branch Petition Sent by 2nd Congress

Thomas Paine’s

“Common Sense”

Second Continental Congress

What were the major reasons why the US decided to break away from the British rule? Use one of these

quotes to explain your answer.*THIS IS EXTRA CREDIT DUE FRIDAY*

“And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever, who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands within the Countries above described, or upon any other Lands, which, not having been ceded to, or purchased by Us, are still reserved to the said Indians as aforesaid, forthwith to remove themselves from such Settlements.”- Proclamation of 1763

“But when a long Train of Abuses and Usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security.”- Declaration of Independence, 1776

The Revolutionary WarChapter 6

The Revolutionary War

Loyalists v. Patriots

1)Who were they?

2)Where did they have support?

What was the situation for the Native Americans?

Advantages and Disadvantages for Britain

• Advantages

1) # of people

2) Navy and army strength

3) More experience

• Disadvantages

1) Recruiting Soldiers (why?)

2) Distance (3,000 miles)

3) Financial Strain

4) French, Spanish

5) Public Opinion

The War in the North

• Battles of New York (Washington)

• Battle of Saratoga (Gates v. Burgoyne)

• Battle of Philadelphia (Washington)

Battle of St. Louis

The Western War

• Battle for which side would control the West (who is fighting?)

• American generals defeat the Native Americans and set up future expansion

The Southern War

• British take Charles Town (Charleston) and Carolinas (Cornwallis v. Greene)

• Cornwallis establishes base in Yorktown and is defeated in last battle of revolution (Battle of Yorktown)

• Who eventually made the difference in the war?

Treaty of Paris (1783)

• Conditions were:

1)British had to remove all troops

2)Mississippi River is new western boundary of new United States

3)Loyalists would be allow to go to Canada or Britain

Which one of these did the British not follow through on?

The Treaty of Paris

The British refused to pose for the painting

Social Change in the Revolution

• Equality Issues

1)Rich v. Poor (what were the changes?)

2)The “natural aristocracy” helps common people gain respect

Minority Issues

1)Women (changes?)

2)Blacks (changes?)

3)Native Americans (changes?)

Creating a New Nation• In groups of 3 (from your own ideas):

1)Political – As an architect create drawings of new government buildings and explain what goes on in each building

2)Given the past social problems, list 10 new social commandments that should be followed to make the nation better

3)Economic – Create a pamphlet that describes 3 economic programs that will be offered by the government

Principles of State Government

• Voting Principles (who could vote?)

• Election Principles (how often and who?)

• Rights of People (what rights are allowed?)

• Limited Government (how is the government set up?)

Articles of Confederation

• What is the setup?

• What powers did it have?

• What was the result of this government?

Articles Advancements and Problems

• Despite problems, the Articles:

1)Gained land through treaties (but at a cost?)

2)Land Ordinance and Northwest Ordinance (how does it divide land?)

What were the issues with British and Spanish in the West?

Land Ordinance of 1785

The Northwest Ordinance

Shays’ Rebellion

• What happened?

• What was the effect?

• How did it relate to the Philadelphia Convention? (Constitutional Convention)

Constitutional Compromises

• Great Compromise (Virginia and New Jersey Plans)

• Three-Fifths Compromise

• Commerce (Slave Trade) Compromise

• Electoral College Compromise

• Federalists v. Antifederalists

Antifederalists v. Federalists

• Federalists

1) Strong Government

2) Solve lack of power given to national government in Articles of Confederation

• Antifederalists

1) Strong States, Weak National Government

2) Bill of Rights is needed

Essay Question

Using your knowledge of the Revolutionary War, explain what accounts for the Americans’ ultimate victory?

- Remember your 1-9 scale and what is important to have within the essay