The birth of the American Empire. FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE Imperialism: establishing and...
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Transcript of The birth of the American Empire. FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN EMPIRE Imperialism: establishing and...
FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN EMPIREImperialism: establishing and maintaining
empiresFrom colony to colonistGlobal political scene ripe for empire buildingLeading power England, France, Germany, Weakest link: Spain
FOUNDATIONS OF THE AMERICAN EMPIREPolitical unity—ReconstructionEconomic progress: manufacturing,
infrastructural developmentsThe American Industrial Revolution
(inventions, the rise of trusts,coal, steel production) 1865-1915
Social stratification: increasing role of the entrepreneur, importance of the individual
IDEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTSExpansion of Manifest DestinyClosure of the frontier, new frontier: Far EastWhite Man’s Burden, Rudyard KiplingAnglo-Saxon superiority-Josiah Strong: Our
Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis(1885) main aspects: civil liberty and pure spiritual Christianity
Realpolitik v. idealism, morality Clausewitz
IDEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTSAlfred T. Mahan: The Influence of Sea Power
upon History 1660-1783: national greatness and prosperity is based on naval power
Urges the development of the Navy, merchant marines, promotes colonization, establishment of naval bases
U.S. should control the Caribbean, build an isthmian canal, spread Western civilization in the Pacific
SOCIAL THOUGHTApplication of Social Darwinism to nationsJohn Fiske: American Political Ideas (1885)
superiority of the English RaceThe Washington Post „A new consciousness
seems to have come upon us--the consciousness of strength--and with it a new appetite, the yearning to show our strength…We are face to face with a strange destiny- The taste of Empire is in the mouth of the people even as a taste of blood in the jungle”
CHANGES IN FOREIGN POLICYDivergences from the Monroe Doctrine
(1823)1863: Strengthening the Mexican border1867: Seward’s folly—the purchase of AlaskaAlabama Claims: settling dispute with Britain
through arbitrationPan-American Union—James G. Blaine, a
commercial and economic union of the countries of the Western Hemisphere, led by the U.S.
EXPANSION IN THE PACIFICSandwich Islands—(Hawaii) coaling,
refueling station, commercial and naval base potential
1878: Naval base at Pago Pago (Samoa)1887: U.S. rights to Pearl Harbor-increased
American settlement1891 Queen Liliuokalani reclaims Hawaiian
power—white settlers rebel, U.S. supports uprising and the democratic movement 1893: annexation of Hawaii
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WARExpansion of U.S. interest in the Caribbean
(sugar plantations, mining)1895: Revolution in Cuba, uprising against
the Spanish colonizersAmerican support of rebels, identification
with Cuba, parallels with the American Revolution
Anti-Spanish propaganda, yellow journalism (sensationalistic newswriting promoting war purposes)
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR„Butcher Veyler” the brute, the devastator of
haciendas, the destroyer of menWilliam Randolph Hearst: New York JournalJoseph Pulitzer: New York World1898: Explosion on the USS Maine-
Remember the MaineDe Lome letter: offends U.S. and President
McKinley
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WARTheodore Roosevelt VP to McKinley: the
country needs war1898 April 21 U.S. declares war on SpainA four-month war: Caribbean and Pacific
FrontsCharge at San Juan Hill—Rough RidersBattle of Manila
EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC
U.S. in return for a 20 million USD compensation takes over the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam—Treaty of Paris
1898-1902: uprising in the Philippines led by Emilio Aguinaldo
Open Door policy in China, defeating the Boxer Rebellion
Preservation of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity
THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY”speak softly and carry a big stick”Agressive expansionismPromotion of Anglo-Saxon superiority1903: Panama Canal treaty after U.S.
recognizes Panama’s ”independence”1904: U.S. exercises international police
power in its own sphere of influence. Reserves the right to intervene in internal affairs of nations in order to stop European influence
.