The Birth of IslamUnit 3 PP 3

Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

Arabian Peninsula Before IslamCross roads of 3

continents Africa, Europe and Asia

Trade (Cultural Diffusion)Religion?

The Ka’abaJews and Christians

Nomadic BedouinsWater and foodconflict

The Prophet Muhammad

Born in Mecca (570-632)Orphan at 6, married at 25 to Khadijha (6 kids)610 vision of the Angel Gabriel

Receives the new religion of Islam from GabrielKoran revealed over a period of 23 years

A Muslim Community622 Muhammad forced out of Mecca

The Hijra (Hegira) Why?From Mecca to Medina

While in Medina he gains followers and wins many battles630 he returns to Mecca and casts the idols out of the Kaaba632 Mohammed diesSharia Law

Regulates moral conduct (common legal framework

Islamic LawNo changes or translations to KoranNo priests (equality)

ImamsMohammed is the last and greatest prophet

“People of the book”Moral code

Gambling, drinkingRights of women

Important Islamic TerminologyIslam v. MuslimMosqueImamMinaretCaliphJihadKoranKa’aba

The Five Pillars of Islam

No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophetCharityPray 5x a dayRamadanThe Hajj

Unit 3 PP 4

Chapter 10 section 2Building a Muslim Empire

The Rise of the Caliphate

Caliphs: Abu-Bakr the first Caliph (Father in Law)

Spread the faith by uniting the tribes of the Arabian peninsulaDefeated the Byzantines and the PersiansAfter the first 4 Caliphs there is a problem!

Split in IslamDisagreements continued over the successor to MuhammadThe 4th Caliph Ali assassinated in 661 by the UmmayyadsDivision:

Shiite (minority: more radical)leader should be related to Muhammad

Sunni (majority: more moderate)Successor should be the most qualified

Early success of IslamConquered Byzantines, Palastine, Syria, Egypt and Persia

Jihad (Holy War)The Umayyad Dynasty in control from Damascus

Favored Arabs and military leadersIn 750 The Abbasid Dynasty comes to power (Baghdad)

Middle east and North Africa