The BIG idea: All living things are made up of cells

Key Concepts:1.1: The cell is the basic unit of living things

1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell1.3: Different cells perform various functions

*** TAKE NOTES!!!***

All organisms are multicellular?

The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F).

Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?

How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?

Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?

All organisms are multicellular?◦ Some are

The cell theory says the cell is the basic unit of life (T/F).◦ True

Which is larger: bacteria or animal cell?◦ Animal

How many bacteria cells fit across a dime?◦ 17,000

Do you think a real dime has bacteria on it?◦ Bacteria is everywhere!

http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/scientificmethod.html

Unit of Measure: m = micrometer 1 m = 10-9 m = one millionth of a meter Cell size ranger ~1 m to 1000 m

◦ 17,000 bacteria cells to reach across a dime

What is the difference between light and electron microscopes?

Light Microscope◦ Bends light to make objects appear bigger than

they are◦ Can observe living things◦ Limited to > 0.2 m

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)◦ As small as 0.002 m ◦ Cannot view live specimens

Scanning Electron Microscope◦ Cell sample is coated in a heavy metal, electrons

are sent towards the cell, the electrons bounce back, are detected, and a 3-D image of the surface is produced.

Transmission Electron Microscope◦ Cell is sliced extremely thin◦ Electrons pass through a section◦ Images appear 2-D

All cells have a cell membrane and cytoplasm

Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic◦ Euk: genetic material stored in the nucleus

Most multicellular◦ Prok: stored in cytoplasm (no membrane)

Most unicellular

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic cells◦ Two main compartments: nucleus and

cytoplasm.◦ Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast, central

vacuole, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, mitochondrion, cell membrane

◦ Animal cells have lysosomes, nucleus, endoplasmic retilum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, vesticles, mitochondrion, cell membrane

Cell Wall: protects and supports the cell Ribosomes: gather materials a cell needs to

build important molecules called proteins Chloroplasts: where sunlight is used to

make sugar (Photosynthesis!) Mitochondria: organelles that use oxygen to

process food for energy

In the cytoplasm…starting materials:◦ Endoplasmic reticulum

processes materials it gets from ribosomes to manufacture proteins and parts of the cell membrane

Also involved in transport: vesicles transport processed material to Golgi apparatus Golgi Apparatus: pancake like. Finishes processing

materials from endoplasmic reticulum.

Vacuoles◦ Can hold water, waste, and other materials.◦ Plant: Large central vacuole to store water, etc.◦ Animal cells do not have central vacuole.

Have lysosomes which are vacuoles that contain chemicals that break down materials

Names Organelle drawing Analog drawing

Similar functions

  Cell Organelles

             City Analogies

Cell Membrane City border

Cell Wall City Wall

Cytoplasm Lawns

Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway  or road system

Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard

Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS

Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants

Nuclear MembraneCity Hall Fence with

security guard

Mitochondria Energy Plants

Nucleus City Hall

DNAOriginal Blueprints or the

city

RNA Copies of Blueprints

Nucleolus Copy Machine

Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers

VacuoleWarehouses, water towers

or garbage dumps

Protoplasm Air or atmosphere

Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints

Proteins Lumber or bricks

We will design a giant cell mural for the wall using the organelle/city drawings.

Cool Resource:http://www.cellsalive.com/ Cool Resource:http://www.cellsalive.com/

To write a number in scientific notation:

Put the decimal after the first digit and drop the zeroes.

In the number 123,000,000,000 The coefficient will be 1.23

To find the exponent count the number of places from the decimal to the end of the number.

In 123,000,000,000 there are 11 places. Therefore we write 123,000,000,000 as:

1) An oxygen atom measure 14/100,000,000,000 of a meter across. Write the width of the oxygen atom in standard form as a decimal number0.00000000014

2) Write the width of the oxygen atoms in scientific notation

1.4 x 10-10m

3) A chloroplast measure 5 millionths of a meter across. Write its width in standard form and in scientific notation

4)A redwood tree stands 100 meter tall. There are 1000 millimeters in a meter. Express the height of the redwood tree in millimeters. Write the number in scientific notation.

5) A typical plant cell measures 1 millionth of a meter in width. Express the width in standard form and in scientific notation