The Berlin Wall - At 2 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, a low, barbed-wire barrier was strung between East and...
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Transcript of The Berlin Wall - At 2 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, a low, barbed-wire barrier was strung between East and...
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The Berlin Wall
- At 2 a.m. on Aug. 13, 1961, a low, barbed-wire
barrier was strung between East and West Berlin. It effectively divided the city in half.
- East Germans were very poor and many were moving to West Germany.
- The Soviets built a wall to prevent East Germans from slipping into the West.
- This project almost launched the world into a
nuclear conflict
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Chapter 20 (Sec. 4)The Soviet Union: Rise
and Fall-After WWII, the USSR
emerged as a superpower
- Stalin increased the Soviet sphere of influence across Europe
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Nikita Khrushchev
- emerged as the new Soviet leader in 1956
- began a policy of de-Stalinization: free political prisoners, and reduced censorship
- wanted the US and USSR to "peacefully coexistence"
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Leonid Brezhnev - lead the USSR from
the mid 1960's - 1982
- locked up dissidents (people who spoke out against the government)
- turned back to Stalin type policies
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Successes in the Soviet Union
- government poured money into weapons and science
- launched the first satellite into orbit in 1957 (Sputnik)
- also put the first man into space- low rent, cheap bread free health care,
day care for children, low unemployment
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Soviet Foreign Policy - Stalin asserted control over Easter Europe
- Khrushchev set up the Warsaw Pact in 1955
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Developing countries - the USSR sought to win friends in
developing nations
- they offered these nations economic and military support (Cuba and other nations in Latin America)
- this policy eventually led to armed conflict
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- Soviets backed North Korea = Korean War
(1950-53)
- Soviets backed North Vietnam =Vietnam War
(1963-73)
1961 - Berlin Wall is constructed1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis1979 - Soviets invade Afghanistan
(this war drained the Soviet economy)
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Collapse of the Soviet Union 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in - sought to end cold war tensions with the US- pulled Soviet troops out of Afghanistan- signed arms control treaties with the US Glasnost - policy of openness Perestroika - restructuring of the government- these reforms brought economic chaos:
prices soared and the Soviet "Ruble" became worthless
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1991: The Soviet Union Breaks up - Estonia. Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria break away from the USSR
- coup attempts to over throw Gorbachev, he resigns
- after 74 years, the Soviet Union ceased to exist
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Russia
- had been the largest of the Soviet nations
- Boris Yeltsin became President of Russia
- the country was in disarray
- organized crime flourished
- economically Russia collapsed, could not pay its soldiers
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Chechnya - Russian province that
attempted to break away in 1994, turned into a major armed conflict
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Russia Today
2000 - Vladimir Putin is elected President (former head of the Soviet secret police KGB)
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Deterrence• The policy of making America and its allies
so militarily strong that it would deter (discourage, prevent) any attack.
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The Korean War• 1950-1953
• South Korea invaded by North Korean Communist forces
• The U.N. votes to help S.K. repel the invasion
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The Korean War
United States/ South Korea
VS
North Korea/China
-Armistice signed in 1953
-No Real Victory
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
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The Cuban Missile Crisis
• Oct. 1962
• Soviets ship nuclear weapons capable of hitting the US to Cuba
• President Kennedy orders a naval blockade of Cuba
• Weapons are eventually returned to the Soviet Union
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Vietnam
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Vietnam