The benefits of Industrial Symbiosis - OECD.org - OECD · Geelong, Victoria. ... CHEMICALS...
Transcript of The benefits of Industrial Symbiosis - OECD.org - OECD · Geelong, Victoria. ... CHEMICALS...
30.07.10
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Nov 2011
Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
The benefits of Industrial Symbiosis
The Kwinana experience
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Sustainable Engineering Group (SEG),
Curtin University
A/Prof. Michele Rosano
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
SEG
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Industrial Ecology Engineering research group
Research and teaching
Established in 1999 at Curtin University
Teaching (u/graduate & graduate)
Applied research (multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary)
Consultancy services (Govt. and industry/SMEs)
Research expertise-
Industrial symbiosis
Life Cycle assessment
Engineering process
Eco-efficiency
Sustainability metrics
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Kwinana Industrial Area
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Established in 1950s
40 km south of Perth
Adjacent to Cockburn Sound
Deep water port facilities
Sensitive marine environment
Co-existence of processing industries:
Resource processing: e.g. alumina, nickel, steel, oil refineries
Utility: e.g. power, water treatment, co-generation plants
Manufacturing: e.g. cement, chemical, fertiliser plants
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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KIC
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
An incorporated association
Funded by members (~$1m pa)
6 key priority areas
- Protection of the environment
- Stakeholder perceptions
- Sustainable development (KIA)
- Community health
- Public safety
- Education
Mission: To promote and contribute to the sustainable co-existence of
Kwinana industry, the community and the environment.
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SEG Industrial symbiosis experience
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Kwinana, Western Australia. (1990)
Gladstone, Queensland.
Rustenburg, South Africa
Geelong, Victoria.
Dandenong, Victoria.
Whyalla, South Australia (2012)
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Industrial symbiosis
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Industrial symbiosis (often referred to as „Regional Synergies‟)
Definition “Capture, recovery and reuse of previously discarded
resources from one industrial operation by other, traditionally
separate, industries operating in their close proximity”
Categories
By-product synergies
Water and energy utility synergies
Supply chain synergies/management
Kwinana is a world-leading example of regional synergy implementation
48 diverse and matured existing synergies
Success factors
industry diversity, non-competitive, close proximity, KIC
Key role for Kwinana Industries Council
Potential for further synergy development
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KIA- Triple Bottom Line
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Economic
Major source of revenue Direct sales $12B 3.3% of WA total income Annual worth of A$ 20 billion
Social Jobs
~ 4,800 direct and up to ~ 26,000 indirect and induced jobs 64% live locally > 50% community activities funding spent locally Direct consultation with the community
Environment Interdependency creates significant environmental benefits High level of environmental performance and collective action between industries
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Kwinana Industrial Symbiosis
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
47 existing synergies in
Kwinana
32 by-product synergies
15 utility synergies
Kwinana compares favourably with other international examples of regional
synergy development (Bossilkov et al, 2005).
Greatly exceeds „business-as-usual‟
Best-practice example
Maturity, diversity, and number of synergies
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Examples of By-Product Synergies
Cockburn Cement supply of lime
kiln dust to HIsmelt Pig Iron
Plant and Tiwest Pigment Plant
CSBP Chemical Plant supplying
gypsum to residue area of Alcoa
Alumina Refinery to assist in plant
growth and soil stability
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Regional Synergies KIA-1990
27 interaction between 13 industries
WESFARMERSCSBP
FERTILIZERS
AMMONIA
AMMONIUM NITRATE
SODIUM CYANIDECHLOR-ALKALI
CHLORINE &
CAUSTIC SODA
BP REFINERY
OIL PRODUCTS
BOC GASES
OXYGEN NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
WMC NICKELREFINERY
NICKEL
AIR LIQUIDE
OXYGEN NITROGEN
TIWEST PIGMENTPLANT
TITANIUM DIOXIDE
NU-FARM/COOGEECHEM.
CHLOR-ALKALI
CHLORINE &
CAUSTIC SODA
CAUSTIC
SODA
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
SULPHUR
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
LIME
OXYGENNITROGEN
ALCOA WORLDALUMINA
ALUMINA
COCKBURNCEMENT
CEMENT & LIME
LIME
SULPHURICACID
CARBON
DIOXIDE
SULPHUR
CAUSTIC
SODACHLORINE
SULPHURIC
ACID
HYDROGEN
AMMONIA
CARBONDI
OXIDE
NITROGEN
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Regional Synergies KIA - 2006
(106 interaction between 28 industries)
INDUSTRIES THAT SERVICE MANY
INDUSTRIES*
CBI CONSTRUCTORS: FABRICATION, CONSTRUCTIONFREMANTLE PORT AUTHORITY: PORT FACILITIESTRANSFIELD SMP: FABRICATION, CONSTRUCTIONWATER CORPORATION: WATER SUPPLY, SEWAGETREATMENTKWINANA POWER STATION & EDISON MISSION: ELECTRICITY
SULPHURICACID
WESFARMERS
CSBP
FERTILIZERSAMMONIA
AMMONIUM NITRATESODIUM CYANIDE
CHLOR-ALKALICHLORINE &
CAUSTIC SODA
BP REFINERY
OIL PRODUCTS WASTEGASES
BOC GASES
OXYGEN NITROGENHYDROGEN
WMC NICKEL
REFINERY
NICKEL
AIR LIQUIDE
OXYGEN NITROGENARGON
CARBON DIOXIDE
TIWEST
PIGMENT
PLANT
TITANIUM DIOXIDE
NU-FARM/
COOGEE CHEM.
CHLOR-ALKALICHLORINE &
CAUSTIC SODA
CAUSTICSODA
CAUSTICSODA
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
SULPHUR
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
LPG
COOGEE
CHEMICALS
INORGANIC CHEMICALSTANK TERMINALLING
ARGON
CARBON DIOXIDE
NITROGEN
CARBONDIOXIDE
LIME
LUBE OIL
OXYGEN
OXYGEN
FLOCCULANT
AVENTIS CROP
SCIENCES
AGRICULTURALCHEMICALS
GASOLINECOMPONENTS
CHEMICALSGENERAL
SUMMIT
FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZERS
NITROGEN
OXYGEN
EDISON
MISSION
ENERGY
ELECTRICITY
CAUSTICSODA
OXYGENNITROGEN
NITROGEN
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
COPPERSULPHATE
GRANULATED PRODUCTS
HYDROCHLORICACID
ALCOA WORLD
ALUMINA
ALUMINA
COCKBURN
CEMENT
CEMENT & LIME
AUST. FUSED
MATERIALS
FUSED ALUMINAFUSED ZIRCON
ALUMINA
LIME
SHINAGAWA
THERMAL
CERAMICS
REFRACTORIES
FUSEDALUMINA
SILICAFUME
WESFARMERS
LPG
PROPANE BUTANE
CIBA
SPECIALTY
CHEMICALS
FLOCCULANT
MILLENNIUM
PERFORMANCE
CHEMICALS
HIGH PURITY ZIRCONPOWDERS
SODIUM
SILICATE
SODIUM SILICATE
SULPHUR
SODIUM
SILICATE
STEAM
FUELGAS
AMMONIA
SULPHURICACID
CHLORINE
KERO-
SENESCARBONDIOXIDE
CARBONDIOXIDE
CARBONDIOXIDE
MOLTEN
SULPHUR
AMMONIA
SULPHUR
NITROGEN
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
SULPHURIC ACID
CO-OPERATIVE
BULK
HANDLING
GRAIN STORAGESHIP LOADING
NATURAL
GAS
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
NITROGEN
STEAM
SODIUMALUMINATE
SULPHURICACID
CAUSTICSODA
HYDROCHLORICACID
NITROGEN
ALUMINA
CAUSTIC
SODA
SODIUM
HYPOCHLORITE
NUFARM
LIMITED
PESTICIDES
CAUSTIC SODA
PESTICIDES
AMMONIA
ONE STEEL
MARKET MILLS
PATIO TUBING
OXYGEN
DIESELOILS
CHLORINE
LIME
DIESELOILS
TYCO WATER
STEEL PIPES
CEMENT
DIESEL OILSLUBE OILS
PROPANEOXYGEN
NITROGENHYDROGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
LPG
SULPHURICACID
HYDROGEN
SULPHUR
KWINANA
POWER
STATION
ELECTRICITY
TRANSFIELD
SMP
FABRICATIONCONSTRUCTION
NITROGENOXYGEN LPG
STEELPRODUCT
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
CAUSTIC SODA
AMMONIA
SULPHURIC ACID
HYDROGEN
WAXES
CARBON
DIOXIDE
CONDENSATE
LUBE OIL
NITROGEN
NITROGEN
AMMONIUM SULPHATE
GRANULATED PRODUCTS
SULPHUR
COPPER SULPHATE
FERROUS SULPHATE
SULPHURIC ACID
SULPHURIC
ACID
STEAM
WAXES
CARBON DIOXIDE
DEMINERALISED WATER
CAUSTIC SODA
CAUSTIC SODA
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Examples of Utility Synergies
Artificial wetland treatment at
CSBP Chemical Plant
On BP Refinery land
Some of BP effluent going
into wetland cells as well
2 Cogeneration facilities
BP Refinery (116 MW)
Tiwest Pigment Plant (40
MW)
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Examples of By-product synergies
Reuse of slag from smelting
Road construction, fill material
Sand blasting
Insulation (air granulation of slag slag wool)
Geopolymers
Reuse of fly ash from coal-fired boilers
Road construction
Geopolymers
Soil conditioner
Reuse of gypsum from scrubbing systems
Plaster board manufacturing
Cement production
Soil conditioner
Reuse of lime kiln dust from cement plant
Desulphurisation (scrubbing)
Soil conditioner
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
CRICOS Provider Code 00301J
Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Current Synergy Focus in Kwinana
Inorganic By-Products
Focus on high volume residues (bauxite and gypsum) Link into local construction developments
Water Mapping of company water inputs and outputs Water synergy scoping study and workshop Industrial wastewater reuse
Energy Industry energy survey (uses and losses) Energy scoping study and workshop Waste heat recovery (use for desalination)
Sustainability Roadmap Development of sustainability indicators and targets Guide strategic decision making on long-term sustainability Benchmarking of sustainability performance of the KIA
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Benefits of Existing Synergies in the KIA
Reduced operational costs
Gypsum
Increase company income
Lime kiln dust
Increased water efficiency
Kwinana Water Reclamation Plant (KWRP)
Increased energy efficiency
Cogeneration facilities
Water and energy security
KWRP, cogeneration facilities
Employment generation in the KIA
Cogeneration facilities
Improved quality of life for neighbouring communities
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Facilitating the Business Model
Nickel refinery Oil refinery
Oily wastewater
for treatment
Nickel refinery Fertiliser plant
Treated effluent
Collective
anaerobic digester
Biogas
Biosludge
Treated
effluent
• Synergy
identification
• Facilitation
• Synergy
identification
• Industry
facilitation
• Market
assessment
• Pre-feasibility
study
SEG’s Role
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Facilitating Structures that encourage collaboration
•Industry bodies/leadership
•Synergy development activities
Data collection
Workshops
•Funding
•Promotion
Operational and contractual
arrangements
•Ownership and liabilities
•Supply and demand risks
•Price
Evaluation methods
•Tools
•Assessment approaches
1. Assess and Review Resource Inputs and
Outputs of Companies in the Area
3. Develop and Implement Business Plans for Synergy
Projects
2. Develop and Screen Synergy Opportunities
Successful By-Product and Utility Synergy Projects
Triple Bottom Line
Accounting
Method
Operational and
Contractual
Arrangements
Facilitating
Structures
Synergy
Development
Process
EIP Enabling Mechanisms
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Identifying Drivers & Barriers to synergy development
Regulation
D: Air, water quality requirements; reporting schemes
B: Complicated, approval procedures
Economics
D: Increased revenue
B: Low costs for resources and waste disposal
Community
D: Improvement of quality of life
B: Community opposition and public concerns to waste reuse
Technology
D: Replacement/decommissioning of old equipment
B: Lack of suitable technology to transport/convert by-product
Risk and Liabilities
D: Reduction of liabilities associated with waste storage
B: Dependencies, lack of supply securities
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Existing synergies provide range of sustainability benefits
More synergy opportunities exist
Business case of synergies
Need to understand broader sustainability benefits
Regulatory barriers
Prevent or delay implementation synergies
Industry champions
Crucial for synergy development
Industry involvement
Development of synergies is not core business
Kwinana Industries Council has key role
Platform for industry collaboration
Lessons Learnt in Kwinana
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Benefits and Success Factors
Kwinana is world leading example in
regional synergy development
Historical development of synergies
Favourable features of Kwinana
Significant sustainability benefits
Move beyond ‘low-hanging fruit’
Many more synergy opportunities still exist
Commitment to further develop synergies
Need to overcome barriers
Regulation, demonstrate sustainability
benefits
Need to communicate achievements
Industries, government, community
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Benefits and Success Factors
Excellent ongoing positive PR exercise
In addition to the sustainability benefits
Assisting with the ‘Social licence to operate’
Independent research agency needed
Particularly a university research group
(impartial and independent) critical in dealing
with any commercial in-confidence information
exchange between companies.
Company champions
Necessary to ensure overall commitment and
provide data inputs and decision making roles
when required.
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Australian Government R&D Incentives
• Low Carbon Australia $100m
• invest in carbon abatement, EE, accreditation for C neutral
products, provides advice on carbon reduction mechanisms
• Generic R&D Tax Concessions
• 125% of the amount spent for R&D capital equipment depreciation.
• Renewable Energy (Solar power) Feed in Tariff schemes in each State
• Clean Energy Focus ( but still major exporter of coal…..)
• Most ‘green technology’ funding focussed on green energy
• Australian Renewable Energy Agency
• Green Energy Fund $10bn
• ARENA- Early stage R&D technology
• Clean Energy Finance Corp- commercial development and roll
out
Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology
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Sustainable Engineering Group Nov 2011 Division of Science, Engineering & Computing
Australian Government R&D Incentives
• RET- Renewable Energy Targets: 20% of Australian electricity be
produced from renewable energy sources by 2020.
• REC- Renewable energy certificates
• Replaced mandatory Renewable Energy Target Scheme of
9500Gwh of extra renewable electricity by 2010 (finished).
• National Research Centres
• Full Industry funding plus University funding
• Co-operative Research Centres (CRC) (7yr term)
• Govt. + Industry funding
• Australian research Council (ARC) Linkage and Discovery
• University/CSIRO collaboration