The Beginning of the U.S.

And it’s all because of the Constitution!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oT7dMHAiCfs

Washington, the President

• when Washington took Office, new country in debt (bc of American Rev. War)

• John Adams = Vice President• Created a Cabinet (a group of

advisors) of men he knew and trusted

• hired Hamilton as Secretary of Treasury to get us out of debt

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A38mW2Il48k

Hamilton’s Financial Plan

• pay of all war debts• raise govt. revenue (money)

through taxes and tariffs (taxes on imported goods)

• create a national bank to give govt. a safe place to keep its $$$

• VERY CONTROVERSIAL!!!

Alexander Hamiltonhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=pzH7mGt0VDE

• Sec. of Treasury (Washington’s cabinet)

• Federalist Party – believed in a strong fed. govt.

• govt. must encourage business & industry

• Nation’s capitol: Washington D.C.

Thomas Jefferson

• Sec. of State (Washington’s cabinet)• Democratic Republicans• Disagreed with Hamilton about his bank,

industry, and the Federalist Party (hated him soooo much, he quit his job) and created a new political party– focusing on agrarian economy & state

rights• James Madison agreed with him

Farewell Address

• Avoid Political Parties!!! • He warned they could seriously weaken the

unity of America… do you agree?• He pushed for neutrality (becoming an

unpopular idea) between war in France & Great Britain… in the end, did not serve a 3rd term as president

• John Adams becomes the next U.S. President (with two political parties leading the way)

John Adams

• Famous leader, cousin of Sam, fighting for independence in Massachusetts, American representative in Europe (negotiating peace)

• President after Washington (he was the 1st VP)

• Ran again in next election, but lost to Jefferson

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0PE_kC-3EY

Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

• Federalists = wanted strong national govt.

• Anti-federalists = feared strong central govt. and wanted to ensure people’s rights

• Political parties develop because… of disagreements on the role of govt.

U.S. Supreme Court

Marbury vs. Madison• Marbury (a Federalist), a hopeful Justice

of the Peace judge petitioned to Supreme Court because Jefferson’s sec. of state, Madison, (both DRs) withheld his commission… dirty trick

• Supreme Court denied Marbury’s petition because his claim was unconstitutional

• judicial review: power of a court to review actions on whether or not it is constitutional

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TVkeRUvX_U

John Marshall

• Marshall:– sec. of state under Adams & chief justice of Supreme Court

• Marshall declared Supreme Court had judicial review power & the power of federalism (aka enumerated powers)

• Supreme Court became a co-equal branch of govt. & preserved Federalists’ views

Checks & Balances

• 3 branches (separate but equal)– legislative: makes laws– executive: enforces laws– judicial: interprets laws & judicial

review

SUMMARY

• QUIZ TIME

• 1. Which president created the Cabinet (a group of advisors)?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson

• 2. Which framer created a national bank to pay off all war debts?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson

• 3. Which future president creates the first political party – coined the Democratic Republicans – who strongly believed in anti-federalism?– A. John Adams– B. Alexander Hamilton– C. George Washington– D. Thomas Jefferson

• 4. The court case of Marbury vs. Madison established what precedent?– A. Checks and balances– B. Separation of powers– C. Judicial review– D. Anti-federalism

• 5. Which individual gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review?– A. John Jay– B. John Roberts– C. John Adams– D. John Marshall