The basics of computer networking
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Transcript of The basics of computer networking
East Africa University
Faculty: Economic
Presentation Of Networking System
The Computer Network
Arguably, the greatest advancement in technology and communication over the past 20 years has been the development and advancement of the computer network. From emailing a friend to on-line bill paying to downloading data off the Internet to e-commerce, networking has made our world much smaller and changed the way we communicate forever.
The Computer Network
What is a Computer Network
net·work: [net-wurk] – noun, a system containing any combination of computers, computer terminals, printers, audio or visual display devices, or telephones interconnected by telecommunication equipment or cables: used to transmit or receive information.
Navigation LinksNetwork Diagram – Basic Layout and map of a traditional computer network.Network Types – Computer networks vary in shape and size depending on usage.
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic Cable – One of the Latest innovations in network cabling. Switches and Hubs – The central device within a network that transmit data.Servers – The central storage device for the names and locations of various data.
- IP AddressesTopologies – The layouts of various network designs.
- Star- Bus- Ring
Firewalls – The network software that keeps destructive forces from a network.Routers – The device that let messages flow between networks. Wireless Networks - Allows computers to be moved without wires or cables.The Internet – The world’s largest network.References
The Network Diagram(Click on the Words Below and Learn More About Each Component)
The Internet
Other LANS
Firewall
Router
Fiber Optic Network Cable
Server
PC
Wireless Network
Wired Network
Switch
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
The Three Types of Networks
PEER TO PEER
WIDE AREA LOCAL AREA
Wide Area Network
• A Wide Area Network exist over a large area
• Data travels through telephone or cable lines
• Usually requires a Modem
• The world’s largest Wide Area Network in the Internet
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Local Area Network
• A Local Area Network spans a relatively small area
• LAN are usually confined to one building or a group of buildings
• Data travel between network devices via network cables.
• The most common type of Local Area Network is called Ethernet
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Peer to Peer Network
• Usually very small networks
• Each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities
• Does not require a switch or a hub.
• These types of networks do not perform well under heavy data loads.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Fiber Optic Cable
• Reduces interference in the network
• Transmit data faster than copper network cable
• Allows for more bandwidth
• Smaller and more fragile than copper cable
Standard Network
Copper Cable
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Switches and Hubs
• Data travels faster through switches because data is not sequenced as it is in a hub
• The information is more secure when it passes through a switch as opposed to a hub.
• Information travels more efficiently through a switch because travels directly to it’s destination as opposed to being broadcast to all PC’s on the network hub.
Network Switches Network Hubs
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
ServersUsers are connected to
certain servers which will fulfill the required
request.
There are 3 Principle Types of Servers
Print ServersContains the name and
location of all printers that are on the Network
File ServersContain the location and
names of the various drives, files, and folders on a Network
Web ServersContain the Programs,
Files, and Internet Web Sites
Rack of Servers
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Web Servers
IP Addresses
“IP” stands for Internet Protocol. IP Addresses serve as the location of websites on the Internet as well as the workstations that are connected to the web. IP addresses are made up of four sets of numbers called “Octets”. There are two types of IP Addresses: Static and Temporary. Below is a description of both.
Static IP Addresses Temporary IP Addresses
Static IP addresses are found only on servers and remain the same.
A Domain Name Server assigns a “human readable” web address to each static IP address to make it more user friendly.
Temporary IP addresses are found only on PC’s are constantly changing each time it is logged on.
Temporary IP addresses are assigned by an ISP (Internet Service Provider) each time it is logged on to the Internet.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Network TopologiesNetwork Topology refers to the shape of a network, or the network's layout. How different nodes in a network are connected to each other and how they communicate are determined by the network's topology.
There are three basic topologies:
Star Ring
Bus
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Star Topology
• All devices are connected to a central hub.
• Nodes communicate across the network by passing data through the hub or switch.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Ring Topology
• All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop.
• Each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Bus Topology
TT
• All devices are connected to a central cable, called the bus or backbone.
• There are terminators at each end of the bus that stops the signal and keeps it from
traveling backwards.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Firewalls
• A firewall is a software that can be loaded on to a network that can serve as a barrier that keeps destructive forces away from a network of computers.
• Packets of data are analyzed against a set of criteria or standards called filters.
• Filters block certain designated IP addresses.
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
Routers
Whether a Router is traditional or wireless, its purposes remain the same.
Routers are specialized computers that send your messages and those of every other Internet user speeding to their destinations along thousands of pathways.
Routers are crucial devices that let messages flow between networks, rather than within networks.
Standard Router Wireless Router
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe Internet
Wireless Networks
Allows for computers to be
moved easily without having to worry about wires
or cables
Walkie-Talkie Network• You would equip each computer with basically,
a walkie-talkie.
• You would give each computer a way to set whether it wants to transmit or receive.
• A wireless network converts binary signal (0’s and 1’s) into a radio signal (series of beeps).
The Internet
The simplest definition of the Internet is that it's a network of computer
networks
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
The InternetHow Information Travel Through the Internet
A page on the Internet—whether it's full of words, images or both—doesn't come to you in one shipment. It's translated into digital information, chopped into 1500 byte pieces called PACKETS, and sent to you like a puzzle that needs to be reassembled. Each part of the packet has a specific function:
HeaderProvides the
complete destination
address for the packet
Data BlockThe portion of the overall
information carried by the packet
Sequence IDID’s where the information belongs in relation to the
rest of the information
End of MessageID’s the end of the
packet
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
The InternetHow Information Travel Through the Internet
When you connect to a Web site through an ISP and start exchanging information, there isn't a fixed connection between your computer and the Web server computer hosting the Web site. Instead, information is exchanged using the best possible path at that particular time. Special computers called routers determine these paths, avoiding slow links and favoring fast ones.
Your Computer
ISPRouters
Web Servers
NavigationNetwork DiagramNetwork Types
- WAN- LAN- Peer to Peer
Fiber Optic CableSwitches and HubsServers
- IP AddressesTopologies
- Star- Bus- Ring
FirewallsRoutersWireless NetworksThe InternetReferences
1. Easy Communication and SpeedIt is very easy to communicate through a network. People can communicate efficiently using a network with a group of people. They can enjoy the benefit of emails, instant messaging, telephony, video conferencing, chat rooms, etc.
2. Ability to Share Files, Data and InformationThis is one of the major advantages of networking computers. People can find and share information and data because of networking. This is beneficial for large organizations to maintain their data in an organized manner and facilitate access for desired people.
3. Sharing HardwareAnother important advantage of networking is the ability to share hardware. For an example, a printer can be shared among the users in a network so that there’s no need to have individual printers for each and every computer in the company. This will significantly reduce the cost of purchasing hardware.
Advantage Of Networking
1. Breakdowns and Possible Loss of ResourcesOne major disadvantage of networking is the breakdown of the whole network due to an issue of the server. Such breakdowns are frequent in networks causing losses of thousands of dollars each year. Therefore once established it is vital to maintain it properly to prevent such disastrous breakdowns. The worst scenario is such breakdowns may lead to loss of important data of the server.
2. Expensive to BuildBuilding a network is a serious business in many occasions, especially for large scale organizations. Cables and other hardware are very pricey to buy and replace.
3. Security ThreatsSecurity threats are always problems with large networks. There are hackers who are trying to steal valuable data of large companies for their own benefit. So it is necessary to take utmost care to facilitate the required security measures.
Advantage Of Networking
4. Bandwidth IssuesIn a network there are users who consume a lot more bandwidth than others. Because of this some other people may experience difficulties.
Although there are disadvantages to networking, it is a vital need in today’s environment. People need to access the Internet, communicate and share information and they can’t live without that. Therefore engineers need to find alternatives and improved technologies to overcome issues associated with networking. Therefore we can say that computer networking is always beneficial to have even if there are some drawbacks.
End
Thank you