The Basics of Combined DNA Index System

The Basics of CODIS

Maher “Max” Noureddine, PhD, MS, D-ABCPresident: ForensiGen, LLC

Founder and President

The Institute for Advanced Career Development

3/20/2015

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Combined DNA Index System

Biological Evidence Processing

Evidence Collection and Preservation

Field Testing Laboratory Testing

Identification

What is it? Who is it from?

Suspect (s)

Cold Hit

CODIS Database

Serology DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)Source: PD

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There are more than 100,000 STR markers in the human genome

STR Loci in Modern ForensicsSource: NIST

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Electropherograms or “e-grams”

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STR DNA Profiling

Locus allele1 allele2 D8S1179 13 D21S11 30 D7S820 10 11CSF1PO 10 12D3S1358 14 15TH01 8 9.3D13S317 11D16S539 11 12D2S1338 19 23D19S433 14 15 VWA 17 18TPOX 8D18S51 15 19Amelogenin XD5S818 11FGA 23 24

DNA Profile of “Jane Doe”

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Identifiler DNA Testing Kit from

ABI/Life Technologies

Non-CODIS Markers: not always included in statistical calculations

NDIS Launched by FBI in 1998

13 markers were agreed upon in November 1997

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Evid

ence

Sam

ple

“Dropouts”

Evidence Sample

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NDIS(FBI Lab)

National Level

State Lab State Lab State LabNC KY TN

SDISSDIS SDIS

LDISCMPD

LDISLocal Labs in KY

LDISLocal Labs in TN

State Level

Local Level


Source of Profiles Stored in CODIS (indexes):

-Convicted offender STR profiles

-Forensic sample profiles (Single and Mixtures) attributable to crime scene or potential unknown perpetrator (STR)

-Missing person profiles (STR, YSTR, and Mitochondria)

-Arrestee STR profiles (Statute)

-Unidentified human remains ((STR, YSTR, and Mitochondria)

-Relatives of missing persons (STR, YSTR, and Mitochondria)


Year # Convicted Offenders Forensic Samples

2000 460,365 22,484

2001 750,929 27,897

2002 1,247,163 46,177

2003 1,493,536 70,931

2004 2,038,514 93,956

2005 2,826,505 126,315

2006 3,977,433 160,582

2007 5,287,505 203,401

2008 6,398,874 248,943

2009 7,688,286 298,369

2010 8,646,417 328,067

2011 9,404,747 361,176

2012 9,761,000 436,900


Statistical Information NC Total National

Offender Profiles 239,396 11,592,430Arrestee 23,563 1,325,123

Forensic Profiles 6,985 607,173NDIS Participating

Labs 2 194*

Investigations Aided 2,460 261,501

State of NC and National as of January 2015

•CA = 24 labs, 1.7m Convicted Offender profiles

Source: FBI

Approx. 60 countries use CODIS software


• What information is Contained in a CODIS Entry?

– DNA profile (All based on 13 Core STRs, no RFLP data after 2000)

– The unique identifier of the submitting agency

– Specimen ID issue by the Lab

– Identifier of the Analyst responsible for the entry

– No Personal Information, criminal history, or case-related information allowed


• How is Quality Maintained??

FBI Quality Assurance Standards applied for databasing labs

Participating CODIS labs shall undergo a yearly audit

Lab must be accredited by a nationally recognized NP agency

Lab must be a part of a criminal justice agency

Lab must sign a Memo of Understanding with FBI

Lab must have a trained and qualified CODIS admin (2 preferred)


• Type of Searches performed by CODIS Software

– Sample to sample index

– Sample to convicted offender index

– A match can be:

– High Stringency Match (all alleles match)

– Moderate Stringency Match (9, 10, 11 mixture match to 10, 11)

– Low Stringency Match (8, 11 match to a 11, 12) for local searches


• Non-law enforcement agency initiated searches and/or uploads to CODIS??

• Coincidental matches, “false positives” ??

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The Basics of Combined DNA Index System

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