The Basics of Biblical Greek
Transcript of The Basics of Biblical Greek
Overheads
to
The Basics of Biblical Greek
By
Dr. William D. Mounce
© 1993-1999 All Rights Reserved
Preface
Included is what I hope will become a growing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheadswill help all students.
We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to do and include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at [email protected].
Teachers using The Basics of Biblical Greek may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.
First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993
Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999
page 2
Chapter 3 page 1
Chapter 3
Alphabet (#3.3.2)
a b g d z h q i
l m n x
p r s "
u f c y
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3 page 2
Vowels (#3.4)
a e hoi
uw
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3 page 3
Breathings (####3.4-5)
1. ajpovstolo"
2. uJpevr
3. rJuvomai
4. aijtevw
5. Aijtevw
6. ∆Ihsou'"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 3 page 4
Diphthong (#3.5)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4 page 1
Chapter 4
Accents (#4.2)
Acute: uJpevr
Grave: uJpe;r
Circumßex: pneu'ma
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4 page 2
Co-Elision (#4.2)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4 page 3
Vocabulary
5,437 different words
138,162 total occurrences
79.92 % of all occurrences
Words occurring 50 times and more accountfor 110,425 of the total word occurrences, oralmost 80%.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 4 page 4
Nominative and Genitive Paradigm
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgonw{ra
acc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgonw{ran
nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 5 page 1
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 5
Terminology
(
#
5.3-5)
Case:
Nominative (subject)
Accusative (direct object)
Number:
Singular
Plural
Gender:
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Chapter 6 page 1
Chapter 6
Nominative and Accusative (#6.3)
ÒThe apostle sends the apostle.Ó
" nominative subject
n accusative direct object
oJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 2
From Case to Function to Meaning
1. Case
2. Function
3. Meaning
your translation
nominative
subject predicatenominative
Instead of thinking about word order, you should Þrst look at the wordÕs case, fromthe case determine the wordÕs function, and from the function determine the wordÕsmeaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 3
Parsing Made Simple
Step #1: Case ending
Step #2: Declension
Step #3: Gender
Step #4: Parsing
- nom sing femi 1st nom plural femn 1st acc sing fem 2nd masc acc sing masc neut nom/acc sing
The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes youcan see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you canskip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found severalplaces, but if it is a Þrst declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires youto move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 4
Paradigm (#6.13,15)
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i a
acc pl u" " a
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon
w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 5
Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai a
acc pl ou" a" a
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon
w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"
For teachers preferring to show the Þnal stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-eral alternate paradigms.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 6
Nouns Rules 1-3 (####6.20)
a/h à 1st declension
neuter nom = neuter acc
neuter nom/acc plural = a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 7
Noun Rule ####2
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 8
The Fog
The only way is through!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 9
Nominative and Accusative
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i a
acc pl u" " a
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon
hJ w{ra
acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
aiJ w|rai
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
ta;" w{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 6 page 10
Nominative and Accusative(alternate)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai a
acc pl ou" a" a
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon
hJ w{ra
acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
aiJ w|rai
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
ta;" w{ra"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 1
Chapter 7
Indirect vs. Direct Object (#7.2)
Karin threw Brad a ball.
Karin threw Brad .
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 2
Case Endings
(First and Second Declension)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
gen sg u " u
dat sg i i i
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i a
gen pl wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i"
acc pl u" " a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 3
Case Endings (#7.6)
(First and Second Declension)
(alternate)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
gen sg ou h" ou
dat sg w/ h/ w/
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai a
gen pl wn wn wn
dat pl oi" ai" oi"
acc pl ou" a" a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 4
DeÞnite Article (#7.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg oJ hJ tov
gen sg tou' th'" tou'
dat sg tw/' th/' tw/'
acc sg tovn thvn tov
nom pl oiJ aiJ tav
gen pl tw'n tw'n tw'n
dat pl toi'" tai'" toi'"
acc pl touv" tav" tav
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 5
Full Paradigm (#7.8)2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafh to; e[rgon
hJ w{ra
gen sg tou' lovgou th'" grafh'" tou' e[rgou
th'" w{ra"
dat sg tw'/ lovgw/ th'/ grafh'/ tw'/ e[rgw/
th'/ w{ra/
acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ lovgoi aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
gen pl tw'n lovgwn tw'n grafw'n tw'n e[rgwn
dat pl toi'" lovgoi" tai'" grafai'" toi'" e[rgoi"
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 6
Noun Rules 4-6 (#7.10)
Dative singular? Iota subscripts (if possible)
Ablaut
Genitive & Dative? Masculine = neuter
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 7 page 7
Noun Rule ####6 (#7.10)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8 page 1
Chapter 8
A Preposition and its Object (#8.2)
The object follows its preposition.The object governs the meaning of the preposition.
Object
Preposition
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8 page 2
Movable Nu (#8.10)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8 page 3
Dependent Clauses (#8.11)
SubjectMain Verb
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 8 page 4
Prepositions
uJpov
ejk
diav
ajpovprov"
eij"pa
ravv
ejn
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9 page 1
Chapter 9
Functions of an Adjective (#9.1)
ÒGoodÓ
Adjectivally Substantivally(regular adjective) (noun)
ÒHe is a good boy.Ó ÒThe good, the bad, and the ugly are welcome here.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9 page 2
Types of Adjectives (#9.2)
ÒTallÓ
Attributive Predicate(gives an attribute) (predicates)
ÒThe girl is tall.ÓÒThe tall girl plays basketball.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9 page 3
Adjectival Use of the Adjective (#9.11-13)
Attributive: immediately preceded by thearticle.oJ ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.ÓoJ ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe good man.Ó
Predicate: not preceded by the article.oJ a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov" ÒThe man is good.Óajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" ÒThe man is good.Ó
No article: see contextajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Óajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" ÒGood man.Ó
ÒMan is good.Ó
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9 page 4
Adjective (#9.6)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg ajgaqov" ajgaqhv ajgaqovn
gen sg ajgaqou' ajgaqh'" ajgaqou'
dat sg ajgaqw/' ajgaqh/' ajgaqw/'
acc sg ajgaqovn ajgaqhvn ajgaqovn
nom pl ajgaqoiv ajgaqaiv ajgaqav
gen pl ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n
dat pl ajgaqoi'" ajgaqai'" ajgaqoi'"
acc pl ajgaqouv" ajgaqav" ajgaqav
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 9 page 5
Adjective Positions (#9.11-13)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10 page 1
Chapter 10
A Walk Through (#10.7)
nom sg sark + " ≥ savrx
gen sg sark + o" ≥ sarkov"
dat sg sark + i ≥ sarki√
acc sg sark + a ≥ savrka
nom pl sark + e" ≥ savrke"
gen pl sark + wn ≥ sarkw'n
dat pl sark + si(n) ≥ sarxi√(n)
acc pl sark + a" ≥ savrka"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10 page 2
Master Case Ending Chart (#10.10)
1st/2nd declension 3rd declension
masc fem neut masc/fem
neut
nom sg " - n " -
gen sg u " u o" o"
dat sg i i i i i
acc sg n n n a/n -
nom pl i i a e" a
gen pl wn wn wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i" si(n) si(n)
acc pl u" " a a" a
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10 page 3
Rule 7: Square of Stops (#10.13, 16)
Labial p b fVelar k g cDental t d q
Labial + s ≥ y
Velar + s ≥ x
Dental + s ≥ s
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10 page 4
Rule 8 (#10.18)
A tau cannot stand at the end of
a word and will drop off.
o[noma t
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 10 page 5
Please!
No More Quizzes!
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 11 page 1
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 11
First and Second Person
Personal Pronouns (#11.6)
Þrst second translation
nom sg ejgwv suv I you
gen sg mou sou my your
dat sg moi soi to me to you
acc sg me se me you
nom pl hJmeiæ" uJmeiæ" we you
gen pl hJmw'n uJmw'n our your
dat pl hJmiæn uJmiæn us you
acc pl hJma'" uJma'" us you
Chapter 12 page 1
Chapter 12
Third Person Personal Pronoun (#12.3)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg aujtov" aujthv aujtov he she it
gen sg aujtou' aujth'" aujtou' his her its
dat sg aujtw/' aujth/' aujtw/' to him to her to it
acc sg aujtovn aujthvn aujtov him her it
nom pl aujtoiv aujtaiv aujtav they
gen pl aujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'n their
dat pl aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'" to them
acc pl aujtouv" aujtav" aujtav them
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 12 page 2
Three Uses of aujtov" (#12.12)
use comment translation
1. Pronoun Non-intensive. Òhe, she , itÓ
2. Adj. intensive Usually predicate position. Òhim/her/itselfÓNormally in the nominative.
3. Identical adj. Usually attributive position. ÒsameÓ
1. aujto;" levgei ...
2. to;n ∆Ihsou'n aujtovn∆Ihsou'" aujtov" ....
3. oJ aujto;" ∆Ihsou'" ...
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 13 page 1
Chapter 13
ou|to" (#13.4)
masc fem neut
nom sg ou|to" au{th tou'to
gen sg touvtou tauvth" touvtou
dat sg touvtw/ tauvth/ touvtw/
acc sg tou'ton tauvthn tou'to
nom pl ou|toi au|tai tau'ta
gen pl touvtwn touvtwn touvtwn
dat pl touvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"
acc pl touvtou" tauvta" tau'ta
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 13 page 2
eeeej jjjkkkkeeeeiiiiæ ææænnnnoooo"""" (#13.5)
masc fem neut
nom sg ejkeiæno" ejkei√nh ejkeiæno
gen sg ejkei√nou ejkei√nh" ejkei√nou
dat sg ejkei√nw/ ejkei√nh/ ejkei√nw/
acc sg ejkeiænon ejkei√nhn ejkeiæno
nom pl ejkeiænoi ejkeiænai ejkeiæna
gen pl ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn ejkei√nwn
dat pl ejkei√noi" ejkei√nai" ejkei√noi"
acc pl ejkei√nou" ejkei√na" ejkeiæna
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 14 page 1
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 14
Relative Pronoun (#14.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg o{" h{ o{ who/which/that
gen sg ou| h|" ou| of whom/which
dat sg w/| h/| w/| to whom/which
acc sg o{n h{n o{ whom/which/that
nom pl oi{ ai{ a{ who/which/that
gen pl w|n w|n w|n of whom/which
dat pl oi|" ai|" oi|" to whom/which
acc pl ou{" a{" a{ whom/which/that
Chapter 15 page 1
Chapter 15
Agreement (#15.3) Subject and verb must ÒagreeÓ in person and number.
Person (#15.4) First: ÒIÓ, ÒWeÓ
Second: ÒYouÓ
Third: ÒHe/She/It, They
Number (#15.5) Singular
Plural
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 15 page 2
Aspect (#15.6-7) Continuous
UndeÞned
Perfect
UndeÞned vs. Punctiliar
Tense (#15.11) Present
Future
Past
Time (#15.11)
Voice (#15.12) Active
Middle
Passive
Mood (#15.13) Indicative
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 15 page 3
Parts of the Verb (#15.16-18)
luv o men
Stem (#15.16)
Personal ending (#15.18)
Connecting vowel (#15.17)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16 page 1
Chapter 16
Present Active Indicative (#16.3,10)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + o + men ≥ luvomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv w I am loosing o -
2 sg luv ei" You are loosing e "
3 sg luv ei He/she/it is loosing e i
1 pl luv omen We are loosing o men
2 pl luv ete You are loosing e te
3 pl luv ousi(n) They are loosing o nsi
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16 page 2
First of Four Endings (#16.12)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)
luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
acti
ve v
oice
mid
dle/
pass
ive
voic
e
primary tenses
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 16 page 4
Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?
Hang In There!
DANGER!
Greek Quicksand
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17 page 1
Chapter 17
Five Rules of Contraction (#17.4)
1. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo.
2. ei is formed by ee.
3. w is formed from almost any combination of omicron or omega with any other vowel, except for rule #1.
4. a is formed from ae
5. h is formed from ea.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17 page 2
Alternate Rules of Contraction (####17.8)
1. Two like vowels form their common longvowel.
2. Exception: When e and e contract theyform ei, and when o and o contract theyform ou.
3. An o or w will overcome an a, e, or hregardless of their order, and form w.
4. Exception: When an e and o contractthey form ou, regardless of their order.
5. If an a comes before an e or an h, theywill contract to an a.
If an e or an h comes before an a, theywill contract to an h.
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 17 page 3
Contractions (#17.10-11)
aaaa eeee hhhh iiii uuuu oooo wwww
aaaa a a a ai au w w
eeee h eeeeiiii h ei eu oooouuuu w
oooo w oooouuuu w oi ou oooouuuu w
aaaaiiii/aaaa//// eeeeiiii eeeeiiii hhhh//// ooooiiii oooouuuu wwww////
aaaa a/ a/ a a/ w/ w w/
eeee h/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/
oooo w/ oi ou oi oi ou w
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18 page 1
Chapter 18
Present Passive Indicative (#18.4)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + o + mai ≥ luvomai
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv o mai I am being loosed o mai
2 sg luv h/ You are being loosed e sai
3 sg luv e tai He/she/it is being loosed e tai
1 pl lu ov meqa We are being loosed o meqa
2 pl luv e sqe You are being loosed e sqe
3 pl luv o ntai They are being loosed o ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18 page 2
Second of Four Endings (#18.6)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)
luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
acti
ve v
oice
luvomai (mai)
luvh/ (sai)
luvetai (tai)
luovmeqa (meqa)
luvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai)
mid
dle/
pass
ive
voic
e
primary tenses
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18 page 3
Present Middle Indicative (#18.10-11)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
erc + o + mai ≥ e[rcomai
form deÞnition c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[rc o mai I come o mai
2 sg e[rc h/ You come e sai
3 sg e[rc e tai He/she/it come e tai
1 pl ejrc ov meqa We come o meqa
2 pl e[rc e sqe You come e sqe
3 pl e[rc o ntai They come o ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 18 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19 page 1
Chapter 19
Future Active Indicative (#19.4,9)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + s + o + men ≥ luvsomen
form deÞnition c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv s w I will loose o -
2 sg luv s ei" You will loose e "
3 sg luv s ei He/she/it will loose e i
1 pl luv s omen We will loose o men
2 pl luv s ete You will loose e te
3 pl luv o usi(n) They will loose o nsi
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19 page 2
Future Middle Indicative (#19.14,15)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
poreu + s + o + mai ≥ poreuvsomai
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg poreuv s o mai I will go o mai
2 sg poreuv s h/ You will go e sai
3 sg poreuv s e tai He/she/it will go e tai
1 pl poreu s ov meqa We will go o meqa
2 pl poreuv s e sqe You will go e sqe
3 pl poreuv s o ntai They will go o ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 19 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 20 page 1
Chapter 20
Verbal Root and Stem (#20.2-3)
Verbal RootPr
esen
t ste
m
Futu
re s
tem
Imp
erfe
ct s
tem
Aor
ist s
tem
Perf
ect s
tem
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 20 page 2
Liquid Future Active (#20.16-17)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
krin + es + o + men ≥ krinou'men
form translation
1 sg krinw' I will judge eso -
2 sg krineiæ" You will judge ese "
3 sg krineiæ He/she/it will judge ese i
1 pl krinou'men We will judge eso men
2 pl krineiæte You will judge ese te
3 pl krinou'si(n) They will judge eso nsi
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 20 page 3
Liquid Future Middle (#20.18-19)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
krin + es + o + meqa ≥ krinouvmeqa
form translation
1 sg krinou'mai I will judge eso mai
2 sg krinh'/ You will judge ese sai
3 sg krineiætai He/she/it will judge ese tai
1 pl krinouvmeqa We will judge eso meqa
2 pl krineiæsqe You will judge ese sqe
3 pl krinou'ntai They will judge eso ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 20 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21 page 1
Chapter 21
Imperfect Active (#21.6-7)
Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + men ≥ ejluvomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[ lu o n I was loosing o n
2 sg e[ lu e " You were loosing e "
3 sg e[ lu e(n) He/she/it was loosing e -(n)
1 pl ej luv o menWe were loosing o men
2 pl ej luv e te You were loosing e te
3 pl e[ lu o n They were loosing o n
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21 page 2
Imperfect Middle/Passive (#21.8-9)
Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + mhn ≥ ejluvomhn
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg ej lu ov mhn I was being loosing o mhn
2 sg ej luv o u You were loosing e so
3 sg ej luv e to He/she/it was loosing e to
1 pl ej lu ov meqa We were loosing omeqa
2 pl ej luv e sqe You were loosing e sqe
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21 page 3
Final Four Endings (#21.14)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)
luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
acti
ve v
oice
luvomai (mai)
luvh/ (sai)
luvetai (tai)
luovmeqa (meqa)
luvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai)
mid
dle/
pass
ive
voic
e
e[luon (n)
e[lue" (")
e[lue(n) (-)
ejluvomen (men)
ejluvete (te)
e[luon (n)
primary tenses
ejluvomhn (mhn)
ejluvou (so)
ejluveto (to)
ejluovmeqa (meqa)
ejluvesqe (sqe)
ejluvonto (nto)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 21 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22 page 1
Chapter 22
Second Aorist Active (#22.4)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lab + o + men ≥ ejlavbomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[ lab o n I took o n
2 sg e[ lab e " You took e "
3 sg e[ lab e(n) He/she/it took e -(n)
1 pl ej lavb o men We took o men
2 pl ej lavb e te You took e te
3 pl e[ lab o n They took o n
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22 page 2
Second Aorist Middle (#22.13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + gen + o + mhn ≥ ejgenovmhn
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg ej gen ov mhn I became o mhn
2 sg ej gevn o u You became e so
3 sg ej gevn e to He/she/it became e to
1 pl ej gen ov meqa We became o meqa
2 pl ej gevn e sqe You became e sqe
3 pl ej gevn o nto They became o nto
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 22 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23 page 1
Chapter 23
First Aorist Active (#23.3)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + men ≥ ejluvsamen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg e[ lu sa I loosed sa -
2 sg e[ lu sa " You loosed sa "
3 sg e[ lu se(n) He/she/it loosed se -(n)
1 pl ej luv sa men We loosed sa men
2 pl ej luv sa te You loosed sa te
3 pl e[ lu sa n They loosed sa n
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23 page 2
Liquid Aorists (#23.12-13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (a) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + mein + a + men ≥ ejmei√namen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg e[ mein a I remained a -
2 sg e[ mein a " You remained a "
3 sg e[ mein e (n) He/she/it remained e -(n)
1 pl ej mei√n a men We remained a men
2 pl ej mei√n a te You remained a te
3 pl e[ mein a n They remained a n
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23 page 3
First Aorist Middle (#23.15-16)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + mhn ≥ ejlusavmhn
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej lu sav mhn I loosed sa mhn
2 sg ej luv s w You loosed sa so
3 sg ej luv sa to He/she/it loosed sa to
1 pl ej lu sav meqa We loosed sa meqa
2 pl ej luv sa sqe You loosed sa sqe
3 pl ej luv sa nto They loosed sa nto
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 23 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24 page 1
Chapter 24
First Aorist Passive (#24.3)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + qh + n ≥ ejluvqhn
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej luv qh n I was loosed qh n
2 sg ej luv qh " You were loosed qh "
3 sg ej luv qh He/she/it was loosedqh -
1 pl ej luv qh men We were loosed qh men
2 pl ej luv qh te You were loosed qh te
3 pl ej lu qh san They were loosed qh san
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24 page 2
Second Aorist Passive (#24.10)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (h) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + graf + h + men ≥ ejgravfhmen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej gravf h n I was written h mhn
2 sg ej gravf h " You were written h so
3 sg ej gravf h He/she/it was writtenh to
1 pl ej gravf h men We were written h meqa
2 pl ej gravf h te You were written h sqe
3 pl ej gravf h san They were written h nto
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24 page 3
First Future Passive (#24.12)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (qhs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + qhs + o + mai ≥ luqhvsomai
form translation t.f.+c.v. p.e.
1 sg lu qhvs o mai I will be loosed qhso mai
2 sg lu qhvs h/ You will be loosed qhse sai
3 sg lu qhvs e tai He/she/it will be loosed qhse tai
1 pl lu qhs ov meqaWe will be loosed qhso meqa
2 pl lu qhvs esqe You will be loosed qhse sqe
3 pl lu qhvs o ntaiThey will be loosed qhso ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24 page 4
Second Future Passive (#24.15)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (hs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
ajpostal + hs + o + mai ≥ ajpostalhvsomai
form translation p.e.
1 sg ajpostal hvs o mai I will be sent mai
2 sg ajpostal hvs h/ You will be sent sai
3 sg ajpostal hvs e tai He/she/it will be sent tai
1 pl ajpostal hs ov meqa We were written meqa
2 pl ajpostal hvs e sqe You were written sqe
3 pl ajpostal hvs o ntai They were written ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 24 page 5
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai
2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 25 page 1
Chapter 25
Perfect Active (#25.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (ka) +
Primary Active Personal Endings
l + e + lu + ka + men ≥ leluvkamen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg lev lu ka I have loosed ka -
2 sg lev lu ka " You have loosed ka "
3 sg lev lu ke (n) He/she/it have loosed ke -(n)
1 pl le luv ka men We have loosed ka men
2 pl le luv ka te You have loosed ka te
3 pl le luv ka si(n) They have loosed ka si(n)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 25 page 2
Perfect (Middle/Passive) (#25.5)
Reduplication +
Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
l + e + lu + mai ≥ levlumai
form translation p.e.
1 sg lev lu mai I have been loosed mai
2 sg lev lu sai You have been loosed sai
3 sg lev lu tai He/she/it have been loosed tai
1 pl le luv meqa We have been loosed meqa
2 pl lev lu sqe You have been loosed sqe
3 pl lev lu ntai They have been loosed ntai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 25 page 3
Reduplication of Stops (#25.6)
p b f ≥ pek g c ≥ ket d q ≥ te
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 25 page 4
Master Verb Chart (#25.19)
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st singRedup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai
2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn
1st perfect act le perf act ka prim act levluka
2nd perfect act le perf act a prim act gevgona
Perfect mid/pas le perf pas prim mid/pas levlumai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 26 page 1
Chapter 26
Participles
Verbal Adjective
Tense: present; aorist; perfectVoice: active; middle; passiveVerbal modifiers
Case: nom; gen; dat; accNumber: singular; pluralGender: masc; fem; neut
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 26 page 2
Your Guess
luouvsh/
lusavntwn
lelukovto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 27 page 1
Chapter 27
Summary of Participles (#27.1,3)
Guidelines for Present Adverbial1. Present tense verbal stem2. Continuous action3. Related to verb (ÒwhileÓ + ÒingÓ)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"
masc fem neut
act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 27 page 2
Present (Continuous) Active (#27.5)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + o + meno + " ≥ luovmeno"
3 1 3
masc fem neut
nom sg luvwn luvousa lu'on
gen sg luvonto" luouvsh" luvonto"
dat sg luvonti luouvsh/ luvonti
acc sg luvonta luvousan lu'on
nom pl luvonte" luvousai luvonta
gen pl luovntwn luousw'n luovntwn
dat pl luvousi(n) luouvsai" luvousi(n)
acc pl luvonta" luouvsa" luvonta
masc fem neut
act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 27 page 3
Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (#27.7)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
pisteu + o + nt + e" ≥ pisteuvonte"
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg luovmeno" luomevnh luovmenon
gen sg luomevnou luomevnh" luomevnou
dat sg luomevnw/ luomevnh/ luomevnw/
acc sg luovmenon luomevnhn luovmenon
nom pl luovmenoi luovmenai luovmena
gen pl luomevnwn luomevnwn luomevnwn
dat pl luomevnoi" luomevnai" luomevnoi"
acc pl luomevnou" luomevna" luovmena
masc fem neut
act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 27 page 4
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 1
Chapter 28
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.7-8)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + nt + o" ≥ luvsanto"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luvsa" luvsasa lu'san
gen sg luvsanto" lusavsh" luvsanto"
dat sg luvsanti lusavsh/ luvsanti
acc sg luvsanta luvsasan lu'san
nom pl luvsante" luvsasai luvsanta
gen pl lusavntwn lusasw'n lusavntwn
dat pl luvsasi(n) lusavsai" luvsasi(n)
acc pl luvsanta" lusavsa" luvsanta
masc fem neut
nom sg sa" sasa san
gen sg santo" sash" santo"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 2
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.9)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + meno + " ≥ lusavmeno"
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lusavmeno" lusamevnh lusavmenon
gen sg lusamevnou lusamevnh" lusamevnou
dat sg lusamevnw/ lusamevnh/ lusamevnw/
acc sg lusavmenon lusamevnhn lusavmenon
nom pl lusavmenoi lusavmenai lusavmena
gen pl lusamevnwn lusamevnwn lusamevnwn
dat pl lusamevnoi" lusamevnai" lusamevnoi"
acc pl lusamevnou" lusamevna" lusavmena
masc fem neut
nom sg sameno" samenh samenon
gen sg samenou samenh" samenou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 3
First Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.10)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + qe + nt + o" ≥ luqevnto"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luqei√" luqei'sa luqevn
gen sg luqevnto" luqei√sh" luqevnto"
dat sg luqevnti luqei√sh/ luqevnti
acc sg luqevnta luqei'san luqevn
nom pl luqevnte" luqei'sai luqevnta
gen pl luqevntwn luqeisw'n luqevntwn
dat pl luqei'si(n) luqei√sai" luqei'si(n)
acc pl luqevnta" luqei√sa" luqevnta
masc fem neut
nom sg qei" qeisa qen
gen sg qento" qeish" qento"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 4
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Active (#28.12)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + nt + o" ≥ lipovnte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipwvn lipou'sa lipovn
gen sg lipovnto" lipouvsh" lipovnto"
dat sg lipovnti lipouvsh/ lipovnti
acc sg lipovnta lipou'san lipovn
nom pl lipovnte" li√pou'sai lipovnta
gen pl lipovntwn lipousw'n lipovntwn
dat pl lipou'si(n) lipouvsai" lipou'si(n)
acc pl lipovntou" lipouvsa" lipovnta
masc fem neut
nom sg wn ousa on
gen sg onto" oush" onto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 5
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Middle (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + meno + " ≥ lipovmeno"
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipovmeno" lipomevnh lipovmenon
gen sg lipomevnou lipomevnh" lipomevnou
dat sg lipomevnw/ lipomevnh/ lipomevnw/
acc sg lipovmenon lipomevnhn lipovmenon
nom pl lipovmenoi lipovmenai lipovmena
gen pl lipomevnwn lipomevnwn lipomevnwn
dat pl lipomevnoi" lipomevnai"lipomevnoi"
masc fem neut
nom sg omeno" omenh omenon
gen sg omenou omenh" omenou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 6
Second Aorist (UndeÞned) Passive (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
graf + e + nt + e" ≥ grafevnte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg grafei√" grafei'sa grafevn
gen sg grafevnto" grafei√sh" grafevnto"
dat sg grafevnti grafei√sh/ grafevnti
acc sg grafevnta grafei'san grafevn
nom pl grafevnte" grafei'sai grafevnta
gen pl grafevntwn grafeisw'n grafevntwn
dat pl grafei'si(n) grafei√sai" grafei'si(n)
acc pl grafevnta" grafei√sa" grafevnta
masc fem neut
nom sg ei" eisa en
gen sg ento" eish" ento"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 28 page 7
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"
Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30 page 1
Chapter 30
Perfect Active (#30.3)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (k) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + k + ot + e" ≥ lelukovte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelukwv" lelukui'a lelukov"
gen sg lelukovto" lelukuiva" lelukovto"
dat sg lelukovti lelukuiva/ lelukovti
acc sg lelukovta lelukui'an lelukov"
nom pl lelukovte" lelukui'ai lelukovta
gen pl lelukovtwn lelukuiw'n lelukovtwn
dat pl lelukovsi(n) lelukuivai" lelukovsi(n)
acc pl lelukovta" lelukuiva" lelukovta
masc fem neut
nom sg kw" kuia ko"
gen sg koto" kuia" koto"
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30 page 2
Perfect Middle/Passive (#30.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + meno + " ≥ lelumevno"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelumevno" lelumevnh lelumevnon
gen sg lelumevnou lelumevnh" lelumevnou
dat sg lelumevnw/ lelumevnh/ lelumevnw/
acc sg lelumevnon lelumevnhn lelumevnon
nom pl lelumevnoi lelumevnai lelumevna
gen pl lelumevnwn lelumevnwn lelumevnwn
dat pl lelumevnoi" lelumevnai" lelumevnoi"
acc pl lelumevnou" lelumevna" lelumevna
masc fem neut
nom sg meno" menh menon
gen sg menou menh" menou
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 30 page 3
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"
First perfect active: kot, kuia kw" kuia ko"koto" kuia" koto"
First perfect middle/passive: meno/h meno" menh menonmenou menh" menou
Participle Morphemes
nt (active)
meno/h (middle/passive)
ot (perfect active)
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 32 page 1
Chapter 32
InÞnitive (#32.4)
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active ein sai ein naimiddle esqai sasqai esqai sqaipassive esqai qhnai hnai sqai
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active luvein lu'sai lipei'n lelukevnai
middle luvesqai luvsasqai lipevsqai leluvsqai
passive luvesqai luqh'nai grafh'nai leluvsqai
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 32 page 2
Uses of the InÞnitive (#32.9-13)
1. Substantive
2. Complementary inÞnitive
3. Articular inÞntive with prepositiona. diav because
b. eij" in order that
c. ejn when/while
d. metav after
e. prov before
f. prov" in order that
4. Purposea. articular inÞnitive with eij" or prov"
b. articular inÞnitive with article in the genitive
c. inÞnitive
5. Result
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 33 page 1
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 33
Imperative (#33.6)
active and aorist passive middle/passive
2 sg - n3 sg tw sqw2 pl te sqe3 pl twsan sqwsan
present Þrst aorist translation
active
2 sg lu'e lu'son (You) Loose!3 sg luevtw lusavtw Let him loose!
2 pl luvete luvsate (You) loose!3 pl luevtwsan lusavtwsan Let them loose!
middle
2 sg luvou lu'sai (You) loose for yourself!3 sg luevsqw lusavsqw Let him loose for himself!
2 pl luvesqe luvsasqe (You) loose!3 pl luevsqwsan lusavsqwsan Let them loose!
passive
2 sg luvou luvqhti (You) be loosed!3 sg luevsqw luqhvtw Let him be loosed!
2 pl luvesqe luvqhte (You) be loosed!3 pl luevsqwsan luqhvtwsan Let them be loosed!
Chapter 34 page 1
Chapter 34
Rule #1 (#34.6)
Rule One: mi verbs reduplicate
their initial stem letter to form the
present, and separate the
reduplicated consonant with an
iota.
i wdddw
didwwidd
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 2
Rule #2 (#34.7)
Rule Two: mi verbs do not
ordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,
ÒthematicÓ) vowel in the
indicative. The personal ending is
added directly to the stem.
di + *do + men ≥ di√dwmen
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 3
Rule #3 (#34.8)
Rule 3: mi verbs employ three
different personal endings in the
present active.
mi verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg di√dwmi mi luvw -
2 sg di√dw" " luvei" "
3 sg di√dwsi(n) si luvei i
1 pl di√domen men luvomen men
2 pl di√dote te luvete te
3 pl didovasi(n) asi luvousi(n) nsi
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 4
Rule #4 (#34.9)
Rule Four: the stem vowel of mi
verbs can lengthen, shorten, or
drop out (ablaut).
di√dwmi
di√domen
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 5
Rule #5 (#34.10)
Rule Five: Most of the mi verbs
use ka as their tense formative in
the aorist.
mi verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg e[dwka e[lusa
2 sg e[dwka" e[lusa"
3 sg e[dwke(n) e[luse(n)
1 pl ejdwvkamen ejluvsamen
2 pl ejdwvkate ejluvsate
3 pl e[dwkan e[lusan
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 6
ddddiiii√ √√√ddddwwwwmmmmiiii in the Indicative (#34.11)
present imperfect future aorist perfect
1 sg di√dwmi ejdi√doun dwvsw e[dwka devdwka
2 sg di√dw" ejdi√dou" dwvsei" e[dwka" devdwka"
3 sg di√dwsi(n) ejdi√dou dwvsei e[dwke(n) devdwke(n)
1 pl di√domen ejdi√domen dwvsomen ejdwvkamen dedwvkamen
2 pl di√dote ejdi√dote dwvsete ejdwvkate dedwvkate
3 pl didovasi(n) ejdi√dosan dwvsousi(n) e[dwkan devdwkan
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 34 page 7
LetÕs Practive
1. dwvsete
2. ejdi√dou"
3. e[dwka
4. di√dwsin
5. devdwke
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 35 page 1
© 1993 Dr. William D. Mounce
Chapter 35
Present Active Indicative (#35.2)
*sta *qe *do *deiknu
1 sg i{sthmi ti√qhmi di√dwmi dei√knumi
2 sg i{sth" ti√qh" di√dw" deiknuvei"
3 sg i{sthsi(n) ti√qhsi(n) di√dwsi(n) dei√knusi (n)
1 pl i{stamen ti√qemen di√domen dei√knumen
2 pl i{state ti√qete di√dote dei√knute
3 pl iJsta'si(n) tiqevasi(n) didovasi(n) deiknuvasi(n)