THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch)...
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Transcript of THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN Chapter 2. Four Main Designs for Residential Homes One Story (Ranch)...
THE BASIC HOUSE DESIGN
Chapter 2
Four Main Designs for Residential Homes
One Story (Ranch) One-and-one half story Two story Split
The One Story Ranch Design
Living space is located on one level
Lends self to beautiful indoor and outdoor living
Absence of stairs…unless it has a basement
The One Story Ranch
Low pitched roof with wide overhangs Outside is easy to maintain due to one
story May be built with full basement
Disadvantage of Ranch Design More costly to build
Requires more roof area Requires more foundation
Disadvantage of Ranch Design
Requires a larger lot Maintainace costs may be more
expensive due to large roof and exterior wall surface
One-and-One Half Story Design
This home is often called the Cape Cod
One story with steeper roof which allows for expansion of the attic
Dormers
Advantages of 11/2 Story
Economy Built in expansability
Bedrooms and bath are generally built into attic space
Second floor is about ½ the size of the first floor.
One-and-One Half Story
Could be left unfinished at first Heating costs are minimal Rooms must be planned for the ultimate
number of occupants
The Two Story
More economical to build than Ranch or the 1 ½ story designs
Requires smaller lot Heating and
cooling is economical
The Two Story
Not as popular today as when it was introduced.
Usually traditional in style
Disadvantages of Two Story
Maintenance may be difficult and more costly
Does not lend itself to variations in style
The Split Design
Designed for the sloping or hilly lot
Takes advantage of troublesome elevation.
The Split Design
Lowest level houses heating and cooling equipment, storage and shop or washroom
Basement occupies 40-60 percent of house space.
The Split DesignThe Intermediate Level
Generally houses garage and recreation area
Ground level Patio Porch Terrace
The Split DesignThe Living Level
Also located at grade level Kitchen, dining room, living room, Full or
half bath, Foyer, mud room, wash room may also
be located on this level. Patios and terraces
The Split DesignThe Sleeping Area
The highest level of the house The half-level difference between the
living and sleeping levels affords greater privacy and quietness
The Split Design
Often more expensive than two story but cheaper than a ranch
Heating tends to be a problem but is resolved by different thermostats
Variations of Split-Level Design
1. Side-by-Side2. Front-to-Back3. Back-to-Front
Depending on the way the lot is sloped
Traffic Circulation
Primary consideration
Moving from one room to another
Planned with maximum efficiency
Traffic Circulation
Distance from garage to kitchen should be short and direct
Foyer should be centrally located All bedrooms need to be close to a bath Few rooms have traffic patterns Family room and eating nook are
exceptions
CHAPTER 3
Primary Considerations
What to consider:
Neighbors Climate Shopping Transportation Room for Expansion
Cost & Restrictions
Costs tree removal grading drainage
The deed
Zoning and Codes
Zoning Ordinances Commercial or Residential
Topographical Features
Slope Contour Size Shape Elevations Trees Rocks Soil/Water Conditions
Family Needs
Find/Build a home that fits needs of family
Eating Sleeping Laundry Hobbies Studying etc.
Other Considerations
Planning the home not only from inside-out.
Modular Aspects
Modular homes Factory build homes Utilize materials adding extra foot around house not big
expense
Modular Aspects
Material Size Plywood - 4’ X 8’ Paneling - 4’ x 8’ Concrete Block
Modules of 4” Lumber
8’, 10’, 12,’ 16’
To reduce waste
Drawings include a set of plans Plot Plan Foundation Plan Floor Plan Elevations Electrical Plan Construction Details Pictorial Representation
CHAPTER 3
Primary Consideration
What to consider:
Site Consideration Community Cost Zoning restrictions Style Location Schools
What to consider:
Neighbors Climate Shopping Transportation Room for Expansion
Cost & Restrictions
Costs tree removal grading drainage
The deed
Zoning and Codes
Zoning Ordinances Commercial or Residential
Topographical Features
Slope Contour Size Shape Elevations Trees Rocks Soil/Water Conditions
Family Needs
Find/Build a home that fits needs of family
Eating Sleeping Laundry Hobbies Studying etc.
Other Considerations
Planning the home not only from inside-out.
Modular Aspects
Modular homes Factory build homes Utilize materials adding extra foot around house not big
expense
Modular Aspects
Material Size Plywood - 4’ X 8’ Paneling - 4’ x 8’ Concrete Block
Modules of 4” Lumber
8’, 10’, 12,’ 16’
To reduce waste
Drawings include a set of plans Plot Plan Foundation Plan Floor Plan Elevations Electrical Plan Construction Details Pictorial Representation
CHAPTER 5
The Bedroom
The Bedroom
Home divided into three basic areas Sleeping Living Service
The Sleeping Area
Bedrooms Baths Dressing Room Nurseries
The Bedroom
Should be located in the Southwest corner of the house
Homes are categorized into categories of 2,3 & 4 Bedroom homes
The 3 BR home has the greatest sale potential
Bedrooms are located on a separate wing of the house or upstairs
The Bedroom
FHA minimum - 100 Square Feet Average - 125-175 Square feet Largest Bedroom is referred to as the
Master Bedroom
Bedroom Closets
4 linear feet for a man’s closet
6 linear feet for a woman’s closet
Minimum of two feet deep
Should be 30 inches if possible
Located along interior wall of Bedroom
Access to Bedroom Closets
Variety of Options Bifold door 8’ in length Accordion Door in 8’ length Flush Door
Door Height = 6’-8” Be sure to have good lighting in closet
Bedroom Windows
Windows on two walls if possible
Bedroom Doors
Doors swings into Bedroom Locate door near corner of Bedroom At least one entry door 1 3/8” Thick 6’-8” Height 2’ to 3’ Wide
minimum of 2’-6” wide
Assignment
Design an average size bedroom according to the FHA specifications. Make a plan view drawing of the room including bed, dresser, chest pf drawers, and other furniture to meet the needs of your own activities. You may want to include study or reading areas.
Attach a closet to the bedroom. 3’ x 8’ with maximum door access
CHAPTER 6
Living Room
Living Area
Composed of a number of rooms Living room Dining room recreation or family room den or study special purpose rooms foyer patios guest bedroom
Living Room
Center of Activity Play room for children TV room Conversation Place
Living Room
Size Small
150 square feet Medium (average)
250 square feet Large
400 + square feet
Most Important Questions Regarding Size of Living Room
1. What furniture is planned to this room?2. How aften will the room be used?3. How many people are expected to use
the room?4. How many functions are combined in
this room?5. Is the living room size in proportion to
the remainder of the house?
Living Room Location
Traffic pattern should not pass through living room
Slightly raise or lower the floor to help discourage “thru traffic”
Room should be positioned at grade level
No main entrance way in room
Living Room
Large windows or sliding doors give the room of feeling of spaciousness.
Adequate wall space for furniture Located near dining room Should be exciting and colorful
The Dining Room
Most modern homes have dining rooms The function is to provided a special
place for eating
The Dining Room
Size Small - 120 square feet Medium - 180 square feet Large - 252 square feet and larger
The Dining Room
Possible Furniture to Include Rectangular, Oval, or Round Table China Cabinet or Hutch Buffet Server or Cart Corner Cabinet Dining Chairs
Dining Room Chairs
Allow at least 2’-3” from center line to center line of dining room chair
Allow 2’-0” space for serving (behind the chair to the wall or piece of furniture).
Location of Dining Room
Adjacent to the kitchen near family/living room between kitchen and living room (ideal)
Dining Room
Lighting should be able to be adjusted to set a mood
Bright warm and cheerful atmosphere should be presented
Entryway and Foyer
All houses have at least one entryway but not necessarily a foyer
Entryway
Three basic types of entryways1. Main Entry2. Service Entry3. Special Purpose Entry
Entryway
Main Entryway Designed to Impress Need not be large Creative use of materials will enhance
beauty Centrally located Should lead into foyer rather than room
Entryway
Main Entryway Should be designed so that caller can be
viewed from inside the home Protection from weather is a consideration Entry doors are normally 3’-0” wide x 1 ¾”
Thick x 6’-8”High
Entryway
Main Entryway Should be designed so that caller can be
viewed from inside the home Protection from weather is a consideration Entry doors are normally 3’-0” wide x 1 ¾”
Thick x 6’-8”High
Entryway
Service Entrance Usually connected to the kitchen May pace a mud room or utility room
between the door and kitchen
Entryway
Special Purpose Entries Those providing access to patios, decks and
terraces Not intended to be striking
Foyer
Functions as a place to greet guests and remove coats
Floor must be made of materials not affected by moisture and dirt
Must have coat closet Minimum size – 2’x3’ but 30” x 4’-0” is
more desirable
Foyer
Size of Foyer depends on several factors The size of home Cost of the home Location Personal preference
Foyer
Minimum foyer size 6’ x 6’
Average foyer size 8’ x 10’
Large foyer size Anything larger than 8’ x 10’
Foyer
Often provide access to other rooms in house through halls
Hall spaces should be kept to minimum Minimum hall width – 3’-0” More desirable – 3’-6” to 4’-0”
Family Recreation Room
The family recreation room provides a place where the family can play or pursue hobbies
Designed for functionality and maintenance
Often provides for overflow of space if needed
Family Recreation Room
Can be places near patio to take advantage of pool, outdoor picnics or sunbathing
Often located in basement Common size – 12’ x 20’
Patios, Porches and Courts
Architect should plan for outdoor living
Patios
Near house but not structurally connected
Usually at ground level Concrete, brick, and stone are common
materials used Designed for entertainment, relaxation,
playing, living
Patios
Locate patio to ensure privacy Off living, dining or family room
Patio Size
Small – 10’ x 14’
Large – 20’ x 30’
Should be designed proportional to the house
Take into consideration the sun, wind and view
Porch
Structurally connected to the home Usually covered
Courts
May posses characteristics of both a patio and a porch
Used for dining, relaxation and entertaining
Often used to break up floor plans Provide natural light into the home
CHAPTER 7
Room Planning and Service Area
Chapter 7
The service area supplements the Living and sleeping areas of the house.
Includes: Kitchen, Laundry, Work Center, Utility,
Garage and Storage
Chapter 7
The service area supplements the Living and sleeping areas of the house.
Includes: Kitchen, Laundry, Work Center, Utility,
Garage and Storage
Kitchen
Food preparation but can be used for dining, laundry, and storage
Usually the most expensive room in the house
Efficient Kitchen
Placement of appliances Providing adequate storage cabinets food preparation facilities Minimum amount of walking distance
The Work Triangle
Measure of kitchen efficiency
Lines drawn from the center of the range, sink and refrigerator
Lengths of lines are added together
Practical kitchen should not exceed a 21’ work triangle
Six Basic Kitchen Styles
Straight Line “L” Shaped Corridor “U” Shaped Peninsula Island
Straight Line Kitchen
Used in cottages and apartments Little space is required Two disadvantages
Not very interesting Provides little cabinet space
“L” Shaped Kitchen
Located along two adjacent walls
attractive Two work centers are
located along one wall and a third along another wall
Not intended for large kitchens
The Corridor Kitchen
Located on two walls opposite each other
Small to medium size
Ideal for long, narrow room
Open space between the cabinets should be at least four feet
The “U” Shaped Kitchen
Most popular design High level of
efficiency No through traffic Work triangle is
compact and functional
The Peninsula Kitchen
Popular because it provides plenty of work space
Attractive Easily joined to the dining
room using the peninsula as a divider
Peninsula may be used as a cooking center, eating area, food preparation
Traffic is reduced to a minimum
Work triangle is compact
The Island Kitchen
Island may house the sink, cooking center, food preparation, work space, snack bar
Island should be accessible from all sides
At least four feet clearance should be allowed on all sides of the island
Cabinets and Appliances
Cabinets and Appliances
Appliances are available in a variety of styles, colors, and sizes
Standards are located on page 137
Cabinets
Provide most storage in kitchens
Available in standard sizes but can be custom made
Standard base cabinets are 34 1/2” high, 24” deep, and width increments in 3” multiples (15”, 18”, 21”)
Cabinets
Wall cabinets are either 12 or 13 inches deep (standard)
Cabinets are 12” to 30” high in increments of 3 inches
Cabinets
Figure 7-26 on page 140 manufactures numbers are located on each
cabinet wall cabinets are represented by a hidden
line
Cabinets
Figure 7-26 on page 140 manufactures numbers are located on each
cabinet wall cabinets are represented by a hidden
line
Kitchen Location
Near outside door for easy access to trash
Near dining room Windows should be placed so that
children can be observed in yard Near laundry room Near bathroom
Ventilation
Wall fan is good but hood with fan is better
Exhaust should not be expelled into the attic
Kitchen Decor
Pleasant Well Lighted - over work stations Colors of appliances should be
consistent with the overall design of the kitchen
Kitchen materials should be easy to maintain
Clothing Care Centers
Located near the kitchen Should include place to take care of
laundry Washer Dryer Ironing board Sewing machine
Assignments
Finish room design Plot room design Design a medium-size living room with
furniture Design a modern Kitchen. Design and draw plans for a dining room
which is designed to seat six people.