The Barbary Wars Presentation
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Transcript of The Barbary Wars Presentation
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The Barbary Wars1801-1805, 1815
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Introduction
The Barbary Wars
were two early 19th
century wars fought
between the UnitedStates and the
Ottoman ruled BarbaryStates of Morocco,
Algiers, Tunis, andTripolitania in North
Africa.
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They were the first
wars formally declaredunder the US
Constitution.
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Why Did We Go To War?
From the 16th century to
the mid-19th centurypiracy conducted by
Muslim corsairs was
common in the
Mediterranean.
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These privateers
demanded regular
tribute for safe
passage through their
waters.
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If the tribute or
ransoms were notpaid, the crew would
be sold into slavery.
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Once the United States
separated from Britain, the
government had to allocate
funds for tribute as wascommon even among
European naval powers.
These payments amounted
to 20% of the federalgovernments annual
revenues.
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Thomas Jefferson, thenSecretary of State
under President
WashingtonsAdministration,
opposed this decisionbut went unheeded
because the country
had no navy to speakof.
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Fifteen years later, thePasha of Tripoli, Yusuf
Qaramanli, demanded$225,000 in tribute as theirneighbour Algiers had donein 1785. The United Stateshad recently waged asuccessful undeclared naval
war against France soJefferson, now Presidentfelt confident in refusingthese demands.
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The Pasha retaliated by declaring war on the US, its
three allies soon following suit.
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The Way
In response to thisthreat the citizens took
up a popular slogan
from the Quasi War,Millions for defense,
but not one penny fortribute! Enlistment in
the navy jumped.
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Major Players
The celebrated Commodore
Edward Preble commanded
the American Navy and
over 500 Arab, Greek, andBerber mercenaries. Ex-
Consul William Eaton and
Lieutenant Presley O
Bannon led the fledglingMarine Corps.
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Officers such as LieutenantStephen Decantur, Jr.; Captain
Andrew Sterett; Captain JohnRodgers; Captain Oliver
Hazard Perry; and despite hismany blunders, CaptainWilliam Bainbridge becamefolk heroes for their daringexploits in the East. Although
local heroes in their own right,most of the Berbercommanders remainanonymous in Western history.
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The War
Fought intermittentlybetween 1801 and 1805,the First Barbary War isremembered, if at all, fortwo legendary actions: theburning of the USSPhiladelphia and the Battleof Derna which isimmortalized in the line tothe shores of Tripoli fromthe Marines Hymn and theMameluke Swords worn bythe US Marine Corps to thisday.
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Aftermath
Decisive US victories in almostevery encounter ensured asuccessful conclusion to the war.Threatened with deposition,Qaramanli quickly surrenderedand signed a Treaty of Peace andAmity on June 4 of 1805. Althoughhostilities would again flare up adecade later in the SecondBarbary War (also known as theAlgerine War), this conflict endedthe practice of Christianenslavementat least ofAmericansand began the end oftribute to foreign powers.
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Unfortunately, the triumph caused Americans to
become overconfident, leading to the War of 1812.
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As for the Barbary
States, their defeat
signaled their
deterioration to the rest
of the world which lead
France to colonize
Algiers in 1830 andTunis in 1869.