The BalkansThe Powder Keg of Europe

The Balkan Peninsula

The Balkans/Former Yugoslavia

History (500s) 500s-South Slavs migrate

down the Balkan Peninsula They each set up their own

Kingdom

South Slavs Bulgarians Macedonians Croats Montenegrins Slovenians Serbs

History (1300-1878) Ottoman Empire (Muslims) take over much

of the Balkan states Austria and Hungary ALSO take over some

Balkan states MAIN POINT: The balkan cultures change

every time becoming more and more different with every change of power

Main point The balkan cultures change every time

becoming more and more different with every change of power

Examples: Under Muslim (Ottoman) rule, many Serbs clung to Christianity while many Bosnians converted to Islam.

History (1878) Serbia breaks free from the Ottoman

Empire

On the Eve of WW I (1914)

What was the spark that started WW I

A. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

B. Invasion of France by Austria Hungary

C. Assassination of the President of the US

D. Invasion of England by France

The Black Hand Serbian group VERY Nationalistic A secret society with the intent of reuniting

all South Slavs territories and populations RESPONSIBLE FOR STARTING WW I

WITH THE ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND

After WW I With the fall of the

Austro Hungarian Empire at the end of WW I (1918)the kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is formed

In 1929, renamed Yugoslavia

Read Communist Rule on page 320

During WW II, who invaded Yugoslavia

A. Germany

B. Russia

C. US

D. Great Britain

The Croats cooperated with the Nazis ordering the massacre of who?

A. Russians

B. Polacks

C. Serbs

D. Jews

After the war a communist leader named Josef Stalin gained control.

A. True

B. False

Tito was a dictator who encouraged the Serbs to kill the Croats.

A. True

B. False

After WW II was over (1946), Yugoslavia was split into 6 republics. Which one of the following was NOT a republic of Yugoslavia?A. Bosnia and HerzegovinaB. CroatiaC. MacedoniaD. KosovoE. SerbiaF. SloveniaG. Montenegro

Look at the map on page 322

Bosnia and Herzegovina contains Muslims, Croats and Serbs

A. True

B. False

Croatia only really has Croats living there.

A. True

B. False

There were Six republics in Yugoslavia, how many major culture groups are found there? A. 3

B. 4

C. 5

D. 6

E. 7

F. 8

G. 9

JOSIP TITO DIES Tito dies in 1980 The Presidency starts to rotate among

members from all over Yugoslavia

Slobodan Milosevic Milosevic begins to propose the creation of

a Greater Serbia including all Serbian territories (see page 322)

Who do you think would object to this idea?

A. Macedonians

B. Slovenia and Montenegro

C. Croatia and Bosnia/Herzegovina

D. Serbia

1991…All hell starts to break loose

1991…What happened??? Serbia blocked a Croat from becoming

President Croatia and Slovenia declare their

independence and Serbia invades both republics

UN helps reach a cease fire in June 1992 (Both Croatia and Slovenia remain free)

March 1992 Bosnia and Herzegovina declare

independence Bosnian Muslims and Croats back the

move but the Bosnian Serbs launched a war to stop it.

The Serbs attempted to destroy all Bosnian Muslims and Croats (Ethnic Cleansing)…more than 200,000 died

1995 US sponsors peace negotiations and a

peace treaty is signed…Bosnia Remains independent

United Streaming- Commander in Chief: Bill Clinton- July 1995, 700,000 killed in Balkan Massacre.

Also…in the 1990s Milosevic wants to wipe out the Albanian

Muslims in Kosovo because of historical ties to that land (Kosovo was a self-governing province)

The Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) is formed to fight for the independence of Kosovo. Milosevic begins campaign of ethnic cleansing against Albanians.

1999 NATO starts to bomb Serbia to force them

to stop fighting in Kosovo. Milosevic withdraws and international

officials find horrifying evidence that the Serbs had carried out tortures/massacres.

Fighting eventually stops Vojislav Kostunica is elected to reform and

rebuild Serbia and Montenegro (what was left of Yugoslavia)

Ethnic tensions still uneasy