The Automated PIC Microcontroller Based Temperature Control of Fan Speed Design - TJ233.P76 .N87...
Transcript of The Automated PIC Microcontroller Based Temperature Control of Fan Speed Design - TJ233.P76 .N87...
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THE AUTOMATED PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED
TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF FAN SPEED DESIGN
Nur Khairunnisa Binti Muhammad Alwy
BEKC
2009
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I hereby declared that I have read through this report and found that it has
comply the partial fulfillment for awarding the degree of Bachelor of Electrical
Engineering
(Control, Instrumentation and Automation)
Signature :
Supervisors Name : .
Date : .
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THE AUTOMATED PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED
TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF FAN SPEED DESIGN
NUR KHAIRUNNISA BINTI MUHAMMAD ALWY
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree
of Bachelor in Electrical Engineering (Control, Instrumentation And
Automation)
Faculty Of Electrical Engineering
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA
2009
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I hereby declared that this report entitle The Automated PIC Microcontroller
Based Temperature Control Of Fan Speed Design is the result of my own
research except as cited in the reference. The report has not been accepted for
any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other
degree.
Signature :
Name : .
Date : .
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To dear mum and dad,
Zuraidah Bt Abu and Muhammad Alwy B Mohammad Amin
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulilah, praise be to Allah, for enabling me to complete this PIC
Microcontroller control for home automation system project and report for my
Projek Sarjana Muda.
I would like to express my profound gratitude to my Final Year Project
(FYP) supervisor, Mr. Hyreil Anuar Bin Hj Kasdirin for his invaluable support,
guidance, supervision and useful suggestions throughout this report. His
contribution, moral support and continuous encouragement enabled me to
complete my report successfully.
I am indebted to my friends for their aid, ideas and advice and others
who helped me in completing this project directly or indirectly.
Last, but not least, special thanks extended to my beloved parents, Mr.
Muhammad Alwy Bin Mohammad Amin and Ms, Zuraidah Bt Abu, for their
love, patience and understanding provided during these years, and also for their
great support in difficult moments.
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ABSTRACT
This project is to design and develop a The automated PIC
microcontroller based temperature control of fan speed design. This project
will present the design, construction, development, control and analysis that
can be implemented for home automation system. The home automation
system is PIC microcontroller based project which focused on a system to
automatically control the speed of a ceiling fan according to the surrounding
temperature. This ceiling fan system contains combination of sensor,
controller, driver and motor with integration of embedded controlled
programming which means in this case using PIC16F876A as the main
controller. This project also presents the expected performance of the
automatic fan system, construction of hardware and software development to
gather the performance data. Finally, this system performance will be analysed
by comparing performance data to the theoretical. End of this project will
produce an advance technology with programmable features and control where
the speed of the fan is depending on the changes in room temperature.
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ABSTRAK
Project ini adalah bertujuan untuk mereka bentuk dan membangunkan
satu Mikrokawalan PIC yang automatik untuk mengawal kelajuan sebuah
kipas bergantung kepada suhu sekeliling. Projek ini akan mempersembahkan
reka bentuk, pembinaan, pembangunan, kawalan dan analisis yang telah dapat
dilaksanakan untuk sistem automasi di rumah. Sistem automasi ini adalah
berdasarkan mikropengawal PIC di mana ia menumpukan kepada sebuah
system yang secara automatik mengawal kelajuan satu kipas siling
berpandukan suhu sekeliling. Sistem ini juga mengandungi gabungan
elektronik seperti penderia, pengawalan, pemandu dan motor (iaitu kipas)
dengan integrasi pengaturcaraan yang terkawal yang mana dalam projek ini
menggunakan PIC16F876A sebagai pengawal utama. Projek ini juga
membentangkan tentang prestasi dijangka untuk sistem kipas automatik,
pembinaan bagi perkakasan dan pembangunan perisian untuk mengumpul
prestasi data. Akhirnya, prestasi sistem ini akan dianalisis dengan
membandingkan prestasi data secara teori. Akhir sekali, projek ini akan
menghasilkan satu teknologi maju kepada kipas dengan ciri-ciri boleh
diprogram dan dikawalan di mana kelajuan kipas adalah terserah perubahan
dalam suhu bilik.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF TABLE xi
LIST OF FIGURE xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv
LIST OF APPENDICES xvii
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope Of Project 3
1.5 Organization 4
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Preface 5
2.2 Temperature-Rated Electric Fan 5
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2.3 Types of Speed Variable 6
2.3.1 Wall-Mounted Control 6
2.3.2 Pulled-Chain 8
2.3.3 Remote Controlled 8
2.3.4 Hand-clapped Control 10
2.4 Type of Controller 12
2.4.1 Microprocessor 12
2.4.2 Microcontroller 14
2.4.3 Microchip PIC16F876A 16
2.5 LM35DZ Temperature Sensor 18
2.6 Subsumtion 20
3 METHODOLOGY 21
3.1 Preface 21
3.2 Project Flowchart 22
3.3 Practice of Project 23
3.4 System Development 25
3.4.1 Hardware Development 26
3.4.2 Software Development 30
3.4.3 Firmware Development 33
3.5 Project Operation 33
3.6 Subsumtion 35
4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 36
4.1 Preface 36
4.1 Project Analysis 37
4.2 Hardware Analysis 38
4.2.1 12V and 5V Power Supply
Circuit
40
4.2.2 PIC16F876A Basic Circuit 45
4.2.3 Temperature Sensor Circuit 53
4.2.4 External Equipment Drive
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Circuit 58
4.2.5 Motor (Fan) Drive Circuit 62
4.2.6 Interface PIC16F876A With
LCD (216 Characters)
69
4.3 Software Analysis 74
4.3.1 PIC Basic Programming 75
4.3.2 ADC Programming 76
4.3.3 Threshold for ADC Input 80
4.3.4 Multiple Thresholds for
ADC Input
82
4.3.5 LCD Output Display 86
4.4 Firmware Analysis 87
4.4.1 Serial Interface 87
4.5 Subsumtion 88
5 CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
88
5.1 Conclusion 88
5.2 Recommendation 88
REFERENCE 93
APPENDICES 95
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LIST OF TABLE
NO TITLE PAGE
4.1 The output waveforms for power
supply circuit.
40
4.2 The capacitor selection for crystal
operation.
47
4.3 The RC oscillator component
selection
50
4.4 The OUTV result from the
experiment.
55
4.5 The measured value of output
voltage of LM35DZ.
57
4.6 The voltage supply to motor. 65
4.7 The motor operation. 66
4.8 The operation of H-Bridge. 68
4.9 LCD driver Pin out 71
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LIST OF FIGURE
NO TITLE PAGE
2.1 Wall-mounted control of ceiling fan 7
2.2 Pulled-chain of ceiling fan 8
2.3 Remote control of ceiling fan 9
2.4 The schematic diagram of (a) Transmitter
and (b) Receiver for Infra-red remote
control [27].
10
2.5 Hand-clapped control of ceiling fan 11
2.6 Microcomputer Architecture [2]. 13
2.7 Components of a typical full-featured
microcontroller
15
2.8 The pin diagram of PIC16F873
microcontroller
16
2.9 (a) Appearance and (b) Symbol of
LM35DZ.
18
3.1 The Automated PIC based Temperature
Control of Fan Speed Design and
Construction
22
3.2 The block diagram for PIC microcontroller
based fan.
25
3.3 The flow chart for hardware work process. 26
3.4 Illustration of automatic PIC based
temperature control of speed for ceiling fan.
29
3.5 The flowchart for the software development. 31
3.6 The process of the automatic ceiling fan 34
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process.
4.1 The schematic diagram of the
microcontroller based fan temperature
control system.
38
4.2 Block diagram of the microcontroller based
fan temperature control system.
39
4.3 The 5V and 12V power supply circuit. 40
4.4 Output voltage from 5V power supply
circuit.
42
4.5 Output voltage from 12V power supply
circuit.
43
4.6 The power supply block diagram. 43
4.7 The basic circuitry for Microchip
PIC16F876A microcontroller.
45
4.8 Crystal operation as clock oscillator. 47
4.9 The RC mode circuitry. 49
4.10 The reset circuit with external reset button. 51
4.11 The simple Reset circuit by using the Power
on Reset.
52
4.12 The temperature sensor (LM35) interface
with PIC16F876A.
53
4.13 Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor. 54
4.14 The Temperature vs. Output Voltage Graph. 55
4.15 The schematic diagram of temperature
sensor (LM35) circuit.
56
4.16 The OUTV reading at room temperature. 56
4.17 The oscillating temperature sensor display. 57
4.18 The basic external drive circuit. 58
4.19 The operation of external equipment drives
circuit.
59
4.20 The transistor switch (a) cut-off open switch
(b) saturation-closed switch.
60
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4.21 The external drive circuit using optocoupler. 61
4.22 The motor drive circuit used in the
microcontroller based fan temperature
control system.
62
4.23 The simplified motor drive circuit. 63
4.24 Fan is operating at lower speed in Speed 1. 64
4.25 Fan is operating in Speed 2. 64
4.26 Fan is operating in Speed 3. 65
4.27 The connection of motor and relay. 66
4.28 The basic structure of an H-bridge. 67
4.29 The pin connection of L293B H-Bridge
Motor Driver.
68
4.30 The circuit diagram of LCD display. 69
4.31 LED as speed output display. 72
4.32 The 7 segment as output display for speed
and room temperature reading.
73
4.33 The flow chart of the overall software for
the microcontroller based fan temperature
control system.
74
4.34 The simulation to test the ADC
programming.
77
4.35 The flow chart for ADC programming. 77
4.36 The threshold for ADC input circuit
construct in PROTEUS 7.
80
4.37 The flowchart of combination of ADC with
LED output indicator.
81
4.38 The multiple thresholds for ADC input. 82
4.39 The flow chart for multiple output
indicators.
83
4.40 The actual requirement for the
microcontroller based fan temperature
control system.
85
4.41 The circuit diagram of RS232 with 87
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PIC16F876A.
5.1 The microcontroller based fan temperature
control system.
90
5.2 The more sophisticated microcontroller
based fan temperature control system.
91
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
FYP - Final Year Project
PIC - Peripheral Interface Controller
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
CCP - Capture/ Compare/ PWM
AC - Alternate Current
DC - Direct Current
IR - Infra-Red
VLSI - Very-Large-Scale-Integration
CPU - Central Processor Unit
I/O - Input/Output
IC - Integrated Circuit
RAM - Random Access Memory
ROM - Read Only Memory
A/D - Analog-To-Digital
D/A - Digital-To Analog
EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
MCU - Microcontroller
SFR - Special Function Register
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
LED - Light Emitting Diode
PC - Personal Computer
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
ADC - Analog to Digital Converter
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EMF - Electromagnetic Field
NC - Normally Close
NO - Normally Open
VB - Visual Basic
TX - Transmit Data
RX - Received Data
RC - Resistor/capacitor
XT - ceramic resonator
HS - High speed crystal or ceramic resonator
LP - Low power crystal
POR - Power On Reset
RS - Register Selection
EN - Enable
R/W - Read write
DDRAM - Display Data Ram
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LIST OF APPENDICES
NO TITLE PAGE
A PIC16F876A Configuration 95
B Project Gantt Chart 97
C ADC Programming 99
D Threshold for ADC Input Programming 100
E Multiple Threshold for ADC Input
Programming
101
F The CCS C language programming
Automated PIC Microcontroller Based
Temperature Control Of Fan Speed Design
102
G The Hardware for the Automated PIC
Microcontroller Based Temperature
Control of Fan Speed Design
104
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Electric fan is defined as a device used to produce airflow for the
purpose of creature comfort, ventilation, exhaust, or any other gaseous
transport. Meanwhile, a ceiling fan is a device suspended from the ceiling of a
room, which employs hub-mounted rotating paddles to circulate air in order to
produce a cooling or destratification effect. The first ceiling fans appeared in
the 1860s and 1870s, in the United States. At that juncture, they were not
powered by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of running water was
used, in conjunction with a turbine, to drive a system of belts which would turn
the blades of two-blade fan units. Afterwards, the electrically-powered ceiling
fan was invented in 1882 by Philip Diehl. Electric fans are designed to create a
breeze and circulate air in a room. A good fan can make a room feel 10-15
degrees cooler when used properly [26]. Electric fans are pretty simple in their
design and function. An electric motor spins the blades, which are shaped to
move air from the back of the fan out through the front of the fan. The
important parts of a ceiling fan are the electric motor, paddles or blades, down
rod and switches.
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Since a fan creates its cooling effect by speeding, thus, the most
important part of a fan is its speed controller. Electric fan come in a different
ways of operating method, that is depend on the manufactures and style. The
conventional fans are operated by pull-chain control or capacitor-stepped wall
control. In contemporary day nowadays, a luxurious feature offered on many
modern ceiling fans that speed is controlled by the hand-held wireless remote
control. These types of fan are typically has three or five of speed control.
Most ceiling fans sold in recent years have switch for turned the fan on and off
operation together with adjust the speed at which the blades rotate.
This invention relates to the field of devices for moving air in enclosed
spaces. More particularly it relates to an automatic PIC controlled fan. The PIC
microcontroller based ceiling fan is automatically switching the speed of fan
rotating according to the environment temperature changes. This project is as
further step for developing a smart home technology by fulfilling the
requirement of technologies tomorrow will be more advanced than today.
1.2 Problem Statement
Modern electronics has provided the consumer with the ability to
remotely control a variety of household appliances. However, there has not yet
been exploited with automatic control of ventilation devices, or more
particularly to the control of fans speed.
In operation to control speed a fan, it is often necessary to physically
adjust the fan in order to increase the degree of ventilation provided, or
substantially change the direction of air flow. The ability to automatically
change the speed of fan via changes of surroundings temperature would allow
the user to feel comfort without physically to change the speed of fan.
The automatic control of this operation would further aid in the use of
such a fan by those who are sick, handicapped or elderly. Moreover, this
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device is very suitable to be used in extensive area, hospital and childrens
room.
PIC microcontroller based ceiling fan is as further step to improve the
technology of a fan. This new invention will satisfy a person needs to make life
easier and better. All the mundane household chores are done without having
to think about those works.
1.3 Objectives
The aim of this project is to design a home automation system that is
ceiling fan based on the advanced technology without only using choke.
The main objectives are:
To design and develop a hardware and software of PIC
microcontroller based ceiling fan
To determine how PIC microcontroller based ceiling fan is
useful to all user
To identify the problem during use a PIC microcontroller based
ceiling fan
To analyse the output of the PIC microcontroller based ceiling
fan
1.4 Scope Of Project
This FYP project entitled The Automated PIC Microcontroller Based
Temperature Control of Fan Speed Design is divided into two parts: FYP 1
and 2. This project will be conducted throughout the final year of the
undergraduate program with FYP 1 and 2 conducted throughout the first and
second semester respectively.
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The emphasis is on the design, construction, development and analysis
for one of automation system that can be implemented at our home. Besides
that, the PIC microcontroller is also introduced in this report. The other aspect
such as maintenance and marketing will not be covered in this report.
1.5 Organization
This report is a progress report as the project The Automated PIC
Microcontroller Based Temperature Control of Fan Speed Design is a one
year project. Hence, this report basically reports and documents the process
and tasks accomplished through out FYP 1 and 2.
The organisation of this report is as follows: First, Chapter 1 describes
the background, problem statement objective and scope of the project. Second,
Chapter 2 presents the literature review for this project, analyse the information
about the article that related to the project design and discusses the advantages
and disadvantages of automatic PIC based temperature control of speed for a
ceiling fan. Next, Chapter 3 explains about methodology of the project; it
includes of material, project block diagram, flowchart and procedure of
automatic PIC based temperature control of speed for a ceiling fan.
Subsequently, Chapter 4 will be explains the result gets from doing this
project and analysis about hardware, software and firmware development that
adapted into this project. Conclusion about the project and recommendation
for future research for the project are stated in Chapter 5.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Preface
This chapter suppose explain the studies on paper or journal which
made by persons or those similar projects that has been undertaken by one
company. In this case there are no related journals and papers, thus, the
literature review that has been is based on the operation that related on the
speed variable for the conventional ceiling fan.
Apart from that, this chapter also contains study and information on
involved main components theory in implementing this project. This study is
conducted would be to ensure this project can be implemented smoothly and
orderly.
2.2 Temperature-Rated Electric Fan
Most of the common temperature-rated electric fans that exist in the
marketplace have largely been fitted with integrated circuit components as the
temperature control circuit. Some of the widely used temperature-control
components are pulse-rated fabrication technique that not only do not offer a
dependable temperature control effect but can produce excessive
electromagnetic noise at low cycles.