The Australian Immunisation H dbook

Edition

National Health and Medical Research Council

NHMRC

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55 in mid 1997

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National Immunisation Program

The Australian Immunisation H book

Edition

1997

National Health and Medical Research Counci l

NH MRC

@ Commonwealth of Australia 1997

ISBN 064447578 1

This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and no commercial usage or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those indicated above requires the written permission of the Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601.

While every effort has been made to check drug dosages in this book, it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are being continually revised and new side-effects recogn ised. For these reasons, the reader is st rongly urged to consult the manufacturers' printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book.

Trade names used in this publication are for identification purposes on ly. Their use does not imply endorsement of any particular brand of drug or vaccine.

The objective of the National Health and Medical Research Council is to advise the Australian community on the achievement and maintenance of the highest practicable standards of individual and public health and to foster research in the interests of improving those standards.

National Health and Medical Research Council documents are prepared by panels of experts drawn from appropriate Australian academic, professional, community and government organisations. NHMRC is grateful to these people for the excellent work they do on its behalf. Often, such work is performed in addition to other substantial work commitments.

This handbook was published in conjunction with the National Childhood Immunisation Program, an initiative of the Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services.

Designed by design ONE SOLUTIONS, Canberra Front cover photography by A & K Tatnell Produced by the Australian Governmnet Publishing Service

Sixth edition Febru ary ,1997

The Australian Immunisation Handbook

PREFACI The 6th Edition prepared by th, Communicable

M embers of th,

Associate Profe Associate Profe Associate Profe Dr Gavin Frost, Dr Jeffrey Hanr Associate Profe M s Ann Kempe Dr John McEwE Ms Merinda Nc Dr John Sheridc Dr Michael Ted, Professor Charll

NHMRC SI Ms Monica Johl Ms Anne-Marie

Editor Professor Chari,

Copyediti Dr Mark Ragg, .

6th Edition

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l1unisation Handbook

Part 2 of the Handbook deals with the Standard Vaccination Schedule.

.:. The new NHMRC Standard Vaccination Schedule is presented . It now includes the recommended vaccinations for infants, chi ldren, adolescents, and adults. The concept of childhood immunisation milestones at 6,12, and 18 months is introduced.

.:. Recent changes to the schedu le are identified for the benefit of those who are familiar with the previous standard schedule.

.:. For cases in which one or more doses of chi ldhood vaccine have been missed, a catch-up schedule is described .

• :. Guidelines for administering schedule vaccines provide practitioners with a comprehensive account of protocols and practices for effective and safe administration of schedule vaccines, including a detailed account of precautions and contraindications for vaccination .

.:. Information to assist parents in making the decision to vaccinate their child is presented, along with information on management of adverse reactions.

.:. The vaccination needs of older children, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and recent immigrants are summarised.

Parts 3-6 of the handbook deal with details of the individual vaccines and immunoglobulins.

What is the difference between vaccination and immunisation?

. The terms 'vaccination' and 'immunisation' are often used interchangeably, but their meanings are not exactly equivalent.

Vaccination originally referre.d to the inoculation of vaccinia virus to render individuals immune to smallpox. These days the term 'vaccination' means the administration (usually by injection) of a vaccine or toxoid, whether or not the injection is successful in making the recipient immune.

On the other hand, the term 'immunisation' denotes the process of inducing or providing immunity by the administration of an immunobiological product .

Nevertheless, the two terms are commonly used interchangeably, and have been used so in this book. .

6th Edition 3