The Atlantic WorldCOLUMBUS AND OTHER EXPLORERS (PART 2)

Opening Activity (3-5 Minutes)

Describe the impact of Christopher Columbus on the Age of Exploration. (3-5 sentences)

Be prepared to share your answers in small/large group discussion

Essential Question and Learning Goals

Essential Question: How has the Age of Exploration influenced our modern era?

Learning Goals:1. Identify and describe major

“Conquistadors”2. Explain the role of Cortes in Mexico3. Explain the role of Pizarro in Peru

Spain explores Mexico

Conquistadors“Conquerors” (Spanish explorers)

Hernando CortesSpain’s desire of American mainlandHopes/rumors of great fortuneGold and silverSpanish become 1st European settlers in the

Americas

Spain explores Mexico (cont.)

Cortes vs. AztecsCortes had about 600 menReaches capital (Tenochtitlan)Emperor mistakes him for a god Offered ration of gold NOT SATISFIED

Hernán Cortés to Emperor Carlos V., 1522. (Letter)—Primary Source Analysis Activity (15-20 Minutes)

Hernan Cortes letter to Emperor Carlos V– One of only two letters written to the Emperor by Cortes

Source: Cortés, Hernán. Hernán Cortés to Emperor Carlos V., 1522. In Hernán Cortés: Letters from Mexico. Translated and edited by Anthony Pagden, 72-74. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986.

This is the second of those letters PASS OUT COPY OF DOCUMENT TO STUDENTS Questions:

1. What was Cortes’ interpretation of the natives? (2-4 sentences) 2. What was Cortes’ interpretation of the translator? (2-4 sentences) 3. What action did Cortes and his men take against Montezuma’s men?

(3-5 sentences)

Spain explorers Mexico (cont.)

Cortes vs. Aztecs (cont.) Cortes and company kill Aztecs during celebration Creates rebellion Although outnumbered, Cortes conquers Aztecs one year

later Three prong victory:

1. Superior weapons (Muskets/Cannons)2. Help of native groups 3. Disease (Measles, mumps, smallpox, typhus, etc.)

Spanish in Peru

Francisco PizarroPizarro vs. IncaPizarro + Army of 200 menAtahualpa (Incan Ruler) + 30,000 men

forceMeet near Cajamarca (South America)

Spanish in Peru (cont.)

Francisco Pizarro (cont.)Ambush Incan forces, kidnap AtahualpaOffer gold and silver for his releasePizarro accepts offer, then kills AtahualpaCaptures Incan capital (Cuzco) in 1533Amount of stolen gold SPAIN BECOMES

MAJOR WORLD PLAYER

Formative Assessment (5 Minutes)

Who had the more impressive conquest, Cortes vs. Aztecs or Pizarro vs. Inca? (4-5 sentences)Justify your answer using evidence from your notes, textbook, or primary source

Continued Conquest

Spain creates an empire in America Conquered lands in:

Mexico GuatemalaCentral AmericaSouth AmericaCaribbean

Relations with Natives

Spanish settlers Men Relationships with native women common Mestizo population

“Mixed SPANISH + Native American population” Encomienda

“Forced labor of Native Americans by the Spanish” Farming, ranching, mining Abusive treatment Harsh labor conditions

Results of Spain’s Expansion

16th Century Wealthiest nation Builds POWERFUL navy Army becomes stronger

Late 16th-Early 17th Century Explore lands of the United States: Leon Florida Coronado Southwest US (AZ, NM, TX, OK, KS)

Send priests to explore, convert Spread Christianity in the Americas

Portuguese and Brazil

Brazil controlled by Portugal, NOT SPAIN Claimed by Cabral (1500)

Lack of silver/gold Grow sugarGIANT PLANTATIONSMost settlement on coastal region

Summative Assessment (5 Minutes)

Thinking ahead…What do you think that the Portuguese would do to keep up with the growing demand of sugar (ex: labor, technology, etc.)? (3-5 sentences)