The arterial pulse - University of Babylonrepository.uobabylon.edu.iq/2010_2011/4_22649_756.pdf ·...
Transcript of The arterial pulse - University of Babylonrepository.uobabylon.edu.iq/2010_2011/4_22649_756.pdf ·...
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THE ARTERIAL PULSE
The arterial pulse is the rhythmic
expansion of pressure waves along the
walls of the arteries which is produced
during each systole of cardiac cycle. It is
one of the vital signs that must be checked
with general examination. It gives
information regarding function of
cardiovascular system.
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The pulse represents pulse pressure. The
pulse pressure is the difference between
systolic & diastolic pressure. See figure (1).
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How is the arterial pulses felt?
The arterial pulses are detected by gently
compressing the vessel against some firm
structure usually bones by tip of middle
three fingers of hand. The distal finger is
used to empty the vessel, the proximal
finger is used for palpate pulse, third
middle finger is used for palpate the
condition of vessel wall.
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The following observation should be checked
1- Rate of pulse
It is stated as number of pulses per minute. Count the pulses for not less than half minute. The pulse rate increases in exercise and decreases in athletes?
2-Rhythm
It is regular or irregular. Normal sinus rhythm is regular, but in young subjects may show variation in rate beats during respiration. An irregular rhythm usually indicates atrial fibrillation or ectopic beats.
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3-Volume of pulse
It is degree of expansion. It gives idea about
the stroke volume. It increases in aortic
valve regurgitation and decreases in aortic
valve stenosis.
4- The condition of vessel wall
In young adult, the wall is not felt while in old
people it is like cord due to atherosclerosis.
With advancing age, the arteries become
more rigid.
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In aorta the velocity of transmission of pulse
wave is more and independent of velocity of
blood flow. The pulse that is felt in the radial
artery at wrist about 0.1 second after
systolic ejection of blood into the aorta., and
pulse movement is faster.
Typical pulse in healthy young adult is 70
beats/minute (60 – 100 beats / minute),
regular in rhythm, normal volume, no
collapsing and the arterial wall is just
palpable
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: Objective
To examine peripheral arterial pulses.
Materials:
Subjects.
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Procedures:
1- radial artery pulse:
It is best felt when the subject's arm is
pronated and the wrist is slightly flexed. The
three fingers of examiner's hand are used
for feeling the pulse. The index finger is
proximal toward the subject. Slight pressure
is exerted on the radial artery against the
radius by the finger. This will make the
pulsation more evident and easy felt by
index finger.
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RADIAL ARTERY PULSE
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2- the brachial artery pulse
It is best felt when artery is compressed against
humerus just above the antecubital fossa, medial
to biceps tendon.
3- The carotid artery pulse
Pulse is best detected by pressing gently carotid
artery which is placed adjacent to trachea in lower
part of neck, backwards against the front of the
cervical vertebrae. The two carotid pulses should
never be examined together because of danger of
reducing the cerebral arterial supply.
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CAROTID ARTERY PULSE
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4- The femoral artery -pulse
It is best detected at halfway between the pubic
tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine at
the level of the inguinal ligament.
7- The dorsalis pedis
It is best felt by compressed artery against the
tarsal bones at the posterior of foot between the
medial and lateral malleoulus .
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5- THE POPLITEAL ARTERY PULSE
IT IS BEST DETECTED BY PRESSING THE POPLITEAL
ARTERY IN MIDDLE OF POPLITEAL FOSSA WHILE THE
SUBJECT LIES ON HIS FACE, THE KNEE IS SLIGHTLY
FLEXED.
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6- POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY -PULSE
THE POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY IS FOUND 1 CM
BEHIND THE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS OF THE TIBIA.
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NEW EQUIPMENTS TO MEASURE PULSE
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NEW EQUIPMENTS TO MEASURE PULSE
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NEW EQUIPMENTS TO MEASURE PULSE
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NEW EQUIPMENTS TO MEASURE PULSE