The art of early civilizations
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Transcript of The art of early civilizations
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Part I. Prehistoric Art
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
The Paleolithic Period
• Also called the “Old Stone Age”, is the historical period believed to have lasted from 30,000 B.C. until about 10,000 B.C.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
• Human with Feline Head• from Hohlenstein-Stadel,
Germany• ca. 30,000-28,000 B.C.E.• mammoth ivory• 11 5/8 in. high
=
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Determining the Age of Prehistoric Art• An artifact is an object made by a human being, e.g. a tool or ornament,
especially one that has archaeological or cultural interest
• We can estimate how old an artifact is according to the age of the surrounding earth layer, or through radiocarbon dating of once-living objects found near the artifact.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Lascaux and Altamira Cave Paintings
copy and paste the following link for a virtual tour of the caves. http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
What we know about Prehistoric People from Cave Paintings
• Nomadic lifestyles, hunter-gatherer; animals played an extremely important role to their survival. (Cave paintings are believed to have been part of shamanistic hunting rituals.)
• Paints were created from ground stone, clay, mixed with fat and animal blood, and applied via finger painting and reeds.
• These are impressively sophisticated images demonstrating the knowledge and artistic sensitivity of primitive artists.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Stonehenge. Wiltshire, England.
c. 2000 B.C..
Stonehenge is an early example of post-and-lintel construction, in which massive posts support crossbeams, or lintels.
Megaliths = large monuments created from huge stone slabs.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Copy and paste the following link to view National Geographic’s Making History: Secrets of Stonehenge
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2hpNCfag8A
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Part II. Art of the Fertile Crescent:
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Ziggurat - a stepped mountain made of brick-covered earth.
Stairway of the reconstructed Ziggurat. Ur, Iraq. c. 2100 B.C.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
• Bull-headed lyre sound box.
• Ur, Iraq.
• c. 2685 B.C.
• Gold, lapis lazuli, shell on wooden reconstruction.
• University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Ancient Sumerians were among the first to develop, cuneiform, or writing with wedge-shaped characters.
•Clay tablet with cuneiform text. Cast of original from Kish, Iraq. C. 3100 B.C. The British Museum, London, England.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Code of Hammurabi. 1792-1750 B.C. Engraved black basalt. 225cm. Originally from Babylon, found at Susa, Iran. The Louvre, Paris, France.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Detail of The Ishtar Gate, Main Gate of Babylon. Built during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II. C. 605-562 B.C. Enameled tiles. Staatliche, Museen, Berlin, Germany.
The Ishtar Gate
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Part III. The Art of Ancient Egypt
• Egyptian civilization emerged along the banks of the Nile River prior to 3000 B.C.
• Egyptian society was heavily influenced by religion and belief in the afterlife. Artists flourished as luxury items needed to be created for use
in the after world. • Works of art of all kinds
remain. They range from huge pyramids and tombs, to skillfully formed stone statues, wall paintings, and carved and painted reliefs.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Pyramids
Sarcophagus
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Fowling in the Marshes. C. 1450 B.C. Wall painting from the tomb of Nebamun. Thebes, Egypt. British Museum, London, England.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Canon of Proportions
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Sunken relief sculpture
Raised relief sculpture
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Queen Nefertiti. C. 1360 B.C. Limestone.Approx. 51 cm high. Aeyptisches Museum, Berlin, Germany.
A bust is a sculpture depicting a person’s head and neck.
A statue is a sculpture in the round representing a person or persons, an animal, or an event, normally full-length, as opposed to a bust.
Seated Scribe. C. 2450-2350 B.C. Painted limestone, approx. 1' 9 high. Saqqara, Egypt, Dynasty V, Louvre, Paris.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Archeological excavation site near El Bawiti, Egypt. Discovered in 1996. Earned the nickname “Valley of the Golden Mummies” for the gold-covered masks and
chest plates discovered on many of the mummies there. It is estimated that there could be as many as 10,000 mummies buried here, and that it will take
archaeologists 50 years to explore the whole area.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Part IV. The Art of Ancient Greece and Rome
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Greek Architecture
The Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece. C. 447 B.C.
View of the Acropolis today. Athens, Greece.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
O
Orders of columns
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Use of Color
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Greek vase decoration
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Exekias. Vase with Ajax and Achilles Playing Morra (Dice). C. 540 B.C. Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, Vatican, Rome, Italy.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
The Evolution of Greek Sculpture
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Alan LeQuire. Athena Parthenos. C. 1993. Fiberglass and gypsum cement, marble, Paint, and gold leaf. 42’ high. The Parthenon,
Nashville, Tennessee.
Procession of Horsemen, from the west frieze of the Parthenon.c.440 B.C. Marble. Approx. 43” high. British Museum, London England.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Hellenistic Period
Nike of Samothrace. C. 190 B.C. Marble. Approx 8’ The Louvre,
Paris France.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Rome
insert Roman art montage.
Rome
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Bust of Cato and Portia. Roman. Late first century. White marble with traces of color. Museo Pio Clementino, Vatican Museum,
Rome, Italy.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Mural Painting.
Cubiculum from a Roman villa at Boscoreale, near Pompeii, Italy. The walls are decorated with frescoes dating from circa 50 BC. The bed is inlaid with ivory, paste and semi-precious stones. From the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Roman Architecture
Roman bridge, Alcantara, Spain. A.D. 105-6
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Aqueduct – a system that carried water from mountain streams Into cities by using gravitational flow. Ranged in length from 10 miles To 60 miles and carried about 270 million gallons of water into the city Every day.
Roman aqueduct, Segovia, Spain. A.D. 89-117
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Roman Baths. Bath, England. First century A.D.
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Colosseum. Rome, Italy. A.D. 72-80
Colosseum, interior. Rome, Italy. A.D. 72-80
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
Pantheon. 126 A.D. Rome Italy
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Art of Early Civilizations 30,000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
The Arch of Constantine. Rome, Italy. A.D. 312-15