The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.
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Transcript of The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.
![Page 1: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Archaeology of RitualElizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU
![Page 2: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What We Will Cover…
What is ritual?
Why is it important?
How do archaeologists find it?
Example: Archaeological evidence of Mississippian communities’ ritual activity
Activity – Material remains of our rituals
![Page 3: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ritual
What is ritual?
![Page 4: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ritual
Ritual is a practice that follows a set of prescribed rules and has certain materials associated with it
These practices are often repeated
![Page 5: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why are rituals important?
Rituals are an important part of the social fabric of communities
create social connections
maintain equilibrium and social order
![Page 6: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Evidence
Mortuary practices
Landscapes
Structures
Iconography and ethnographic texts
Artifacts and ecofacts
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Mississippian Tradition AD 750-1500
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Mississippian Tradition AD 750-1500
Tennessee, Cumberland, and Mississippi River Valleys
Large platform mounds
Town plazas
Stratified social organization
Major sites: Cahokia, Moundville, Spiro, Etowah
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Mortuary Practices
Burial configuration
Primary or secondary burial
Sex and age profiles
Studies of nutrition and disease
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Landscapes - Cahokia
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Landscapes - Cahokia
AD 850 – 1100
Area of 6 square miles
Massive palisade around town: 15,000 logs
Up to 120 mounds
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Landscapes - Cahokia
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Landscapes - Cahokia
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Landscapes - Moundville
AD 1000 – 1500
Black Warrior River, AL
3000 people, 300 acres, 24 mounds
Map by Karen Carr
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Structures
![Page 16: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: The Archaeology of Ritual Elizabeth Bollwerk, Museum of Culture and Environment, CWU.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d205503460f949f47fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cahokia’s Woodhenge
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Cahokia’s Woodhenge
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Iconography – Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
Images courtesy of Frank McClung
Museum
Eagle Dancers Weeping Eye Mask
Falcon Man
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Iconography – Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
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Artifacts – Chunkey Stones
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Chunkey Game
Originated around 600 AD in Cahokia
Involved spiritual preparation, including ritual scratching of skin
Played in huge arenas as large of 50 acres
Associated with bird/falcon man
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Ecofacts - Faunal Material
Faunal assemblages – collections of mammal, bird, and fish bones
For Cahokia fish were important, deer were secondary source of food
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Ecofacts - Botanical Remains
Nuts: Hazelnut, chestnut, walnut
Seeds – goosefoot, maygrass, and knotweed
Maize (corn)
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Activity
What are the material remains of our rituals?
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Types of Evidence
Mortuary practices
Landscapes
Structures
Iconography and Ethnographic texts
Artifacts and Ecofacts