The Appendicular Skeleton - .Shoulder Girdle •Only forms one joint with the axial skeleton...
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Transcript of The Appendicular Skeleton - .Shoulder Girdle •Only forms one joint with the axial skeleton...
The Appendicular Skeleton
THE UPPER EXTREMITY The Appendicular Skeleton
The Upper Extremity
Bones of the shoulder girdle Clavicle and scapula
Upper arm Humerus
Lower arm Radius
Ulna
Wrist Carpal bones
Hand Metacarpals
Phalanges
Shoulder Girdle
Only forms one joint with the axial skeleton
Clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint Where the sternum
meets the clavicle
Shoulder Girdle
Scapula Shoulder blade 3 borders
Superior (top) Vertebral (by the spine) Axillary (side near the armpit)
Spine Ridge along the posterior portion of the bone
Acromion process Articulates with clavicle Process that is located at the end of the spine
Coracoid process Projection on the anterior portion of the scapula Only 2 major projections
Shoulder Injuries
Broken clavicle
Separated shoulder - AC joint separation
Humerus
Long bone that makes up the upper arm Upper end (epiphysis)
Head Smooth rounded end that fits into glenoid fossa
Anatomical neck Groove immediately inferior to the head
Greater and lesser tubercles Greater is lateral to the head Lesser is inferior (below) the greater
Intertubercular groove Groove b/t greater and lesser tubercles
Surgical neck Region below the tubercles that leads to the diaphysis Common to fracture
Humerus
Middle (diaphysis)
Deltoid tuberosity Protuberance midway
down shaft
Deltoid attaches here
Radial groove Groove moving inferiorly
for radial nerve
Humerus End (epiphysis)
Eipicondyles Medial and lateral projections
Medial is larger of the two
Capitulum Rounded head below the lateral
epicondyle Radius attaches
Trochlea Appears similar to a pully
Deep depression in the epiphysis
Articulates with the ulna
Olecranon fossa Depression on the posterior survace
Olecranon process forms elbow here
Coronoid fossa Depression on the anterior portion
Forearm
Radius Thumb side
Head Proximal end
Articulates with the capitulum
Radial tuberosity Projection just below the
head
Styloid process Located on the lateral,
distal end of the bone
Forearm
Ulna Pinky side Longer than radius Olecranon process
Elbow
Coronoid process Opposite side of elbow
Semilunar notch Depression that articulates
with the trochlea
Styloid process Distal end
Head Distal end
Left Arm
Wrist
8 bones 2 rows
Proximal row Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Scapate
Distal row Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Hand
Metacarpals
Middle bones of the hand
Distal end makes up the knuckles
Numbered 1 5
Phalanges
Smaller bones that make up the fingers
Separated into proximal, middle, and distal (finger tip)
THE LOWER EXTREMITY The Appendicular Skeleton
Hip Coxal bones (pelvis)
Thigh femur
Lower leg Tibia Fibula
Foot Tarsal bones Metatarsals Phalanges
The Lower Extremity
Coxal Bones
Pelvic girdle Combination of the sacrum and the coxal bones
bound together by ligaments
Supports the trunk of the body and allows for leg attachment
Coxal bones Each bone is made up of 3 fused bones
Illium
Ischium
Pubis
Ilium
Most superior
Largest
Palpable
Ischium
Strongest
Most inferior
Pubus
Anterior to the ischium
Coxal Bones
Horizontally divided into 2 parts Pelvic inlet
a.k.a. pelvic brim
Above the inlet False pelvis
Runs from the tip of the ilium to the pelvic inlet
Below the inlet True pelvis
Boundary of the pelvic outlet
Pubic symphysis Where the coxal bones
meet
Thigh Bones
Femur
Upper end (epiphysis) Head
Greater/lesser trochanter
Middle portion (diaphysis) Linea apera
Supracondylar ridges
Thigh Bones
Distal end (epiphysis)
Lateral/medial condyles
Lateral/medial epicondyles
Adductor tubercle
Trochlea
Intercondyloid fossa notch
Patella
Largest sesamoid bone in the body
Knee cap
Imbedded in the tendon from your quadrceps
Tibia
Shin bone Lateral/medial condyles
Upper end of bone Concave surface to articulate w/ femur
Intercondylar eminence Spine between condyles Attachment for ACL and PCL
Crest Sharp ridge on the anterior Part of the shin you can feel
Tibia
Tibial tuberosity
Protuberance just below condyles
Palpable below the knee
Ankle
Medial maleolus Palpable on the inside of
the ankle
Fibula
Smaller than tibia
Deeper of the two bones Always on the outside of
the lower leg
Proximal end articulates with the tibia @ lateral condyle
Creates part of the knee joint
Distal end (other of the ankle Articulates with the tibia
Lateral malleolus
Foot
Constructed similar to the hand
Adapted to support weight
Two way arch construction
Longitudinal arch Medial/lateral
longitudinal arches
Transverse arch Metatarsals & the distal
row of tarsals
Foot Flat foot (fallen arches)
Ligaments and muscles hold bones in place
Keeps the arch intact
Foot, knee, eventually back
Very small number of individuals have a true flat foot Usually over-pronation
High arch Charcot Marie Tooth
disorder (CMT)
Foot Bones
Tarsal Bones Talus
Articulates w/ the tibia
Calcaneus Heel
Navicular
Distal row Cuniform bones
1-3 starting at 1st metatarsal
Cuboid
Metatarsals 1-5 (big toe out)
Phalanges (1-5) Proximal Middle* Distal
1
2
3
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