The “Smart Grid”: Promise and Challengescree/documents/Hannegan conf.pdf · 2009-06-10 ·...

The “Smart Grid”: Promise and Challenges

Bryan Hannegan, Ph.D.Vice President, Environment & Generation

IU SPEA Wise Energy ConferenceJune 11, 2009

2© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

About EPRI

• Founded in 1973 as an independent, nonprofit center for public interest energy and environmental research.

• Objective, tax-exempt, collaborative electricity research organization

• Science and technology focus--development, integration, demonstration and applications

• Broad technology portfolio ranging from near-term solutions to long-term strategic research

Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity


EPRI’s Role

Depends Upon The Specific Technology or Discipline

National

Laboratories

Universities

Suppliers

Vendors

EPRI

Basic

Research

&

Development

Technology

Commercialization

Collaborative

Technology

Development

Integration

Application


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

U.S

. E

lectr

ic S

ecto

r

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns (

millio

n m

etr

ic t

on

s)

Technology EIA 2008 Reference Target

Efficiency Load Growth ~ +1.05%/yr Load Growth ~ +0.75%/yr

Renewables 55 GWe by 2030 100 GWe by 2030

Nuclear Generation 15 GWe by 2030 64 GWe by 2030

Advanced Coal Generation

No Heat Rate Improvement for Existing Plants

40% New Plant Efficiencyby 2020–2030

1-3% Heat Rate Improvement for 130 GWe Existing Plants

46% New Plant Efficiency by 2020; 49% in 2030

CCS None Widely Deployed After 2020

PHEV None10% of New Light-Duty Vehicle Sales

by 2017; 33% by 2030

DER < 0.1% of Base Load in 2030 5% of Base Load in 2030

Achieving all targets is very aggressive, but potentially feasible.

AEO2007*(Ref)

AEO2008*

(Early Release)

AEO2008*(Ref)

*Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook (AEO)

Impact of efficiency

measures in Energy

Independence and

Security Act of 2007

(EISA2007)

CO2 Reductions … Technical Potential


-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

Impact on U.S. EconomyC

han

ge in

GD

P D

isco

un

ted

th

rou

gh

2050

($Tri

llio

ns)

Avoided

Policy Costs

Due to

Advanced

Technology

Cost of

Policy

(50% cut

by 2050)

Fu

ll P

ort

folio

Lim

ited

Po

rtfo

lio

+ P

HE

V O

nly

+ R

en

ew

ab

les O

nly

+ E

ffic

ien

cy O

nly

+ N

ucle

ar

On

ly

+ C

CS

On

ly

Value of R&D Investment

$1 T

rillio

n


Key Technology Challenges

• Expanded Advanced Light Water

Reactor Deployment

• Enabling Efficiency, PHEVs, DER

via the Smart Distribution Grid

• Enabling Intermittent Renewables

via Advanced Transmission Grids

• Advanced Coal Plants with CO2

Capture and Storage


EfficientBuildingSystems

UtilityCommunications

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement

DistributionOperations

DistributedGeneration& Storage

Plug-In Hybrids

SmartEnd-UseDevices

AdvancedMetering

Consumer Portal& Building EMS

Internet Renewables

PV

Smart Grid for Efficiency and Renewables

ControlInterface


EPRI’s Involvement in Smart Grid

• IntelliGrid Architecture

– Designing the foundation of Smart Grid

– Accelerate development of standards (PHEV, AMI/HAN example) through content

– NIST Project

• Smart Grid Demonstration

– Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

• Example of Smart Grid Applications

• Smart T&D sensors for inspection and condition assessment

• Enabling distributed PV

• Distribution system applications


The Entire Electrical Power System

From Generation to End Use

Highly

Instrumented

with Advanced

Sensors and

Computing

Interconnected by a

Communication Fabric

that Reaches Every

Device

• Engaging Consumers

• Enhancing Efficiency

• Ensuring Reliability

• Enabling Renewables

Sensors…Two Way Communication…Intelligence…Response

Many Definitions – But All Roads Pointing to:


Build the Foundation First

EPRI’s IntelliGrid Methodology is Focused on Helping Our

Members Build the Right Foundation

AMI

CommunicationsInformation Management

Security

Energy

MarketsReal-Time

Contingency

Outage

Management

SCADA Protection

Smart Grid Foundation

Security

Information Management

Communications

Interoperability

Systems Engineering Methodology


NIST Smart Grid Interoperability Roadmap

• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Lead agency for coordinating the development of smart grid standards.

• NIST recently (1st week of April) contracted EPRI to develop an interim smart grid interoperability roadmap that includes:

– the Smart Grid architecture;

– priorities for interoperability and cyber security standards, and an initial set of standards to support implementation; and

– plans to meet remaining standards needs.

• Stakeholders workshop on May 19th and 20th; Interim roadmap delivered by early Fall.

NIST Selects EPRI Team to Develop Interim Smart Grid Interoperability Roadmap


• Deploying the Virtual Power Plant

• Demonstrate Integration and Interoperability

• 8-10 regional demonstrations

– Multiple Levels of Integration

– Multiple Types of Distributed Energy Resources and Storage

Smart Grid Demonstrations


Smart Sensor RD&DAutomate Inspection and Condition Assessment

Wireless Mesh On-Line FRA 3D AcousticsAntenna Array Backscatter

Tri-State

SCANA

Powerlink

CenterPoint

Alliant

TNB

PNM

Southern Company

TVA

NYPA

ATC

Con Ed

National Grid

PSE&G

DukeFirstEnergy


Wind Variability & Predictability

15© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.15

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1400000 1450000 1500000 1550000

Seconds since 00:00:00 Jan 1, 2007

kW

0

1000

2000

3000

250 750 1250

Minutes since start of day

kW

(b)

Solar Variability & Predictability

Minutes

kW

Source: Jay Apt CMU, 4.6 MW TEP Solar Array (Arizona)


16

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50

10

20

30

40

Time (hours)

Po

we

r L

eve

ls (

MW

)

Wind + CT Operating Parameters

Ideal Fill Power

Wind Power

Actual Fill Power

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5-20

-10

0

10

20

Time (hours)

Ra

mp

Ra

te (

MW

/min

)

Ramp Rates

Acknowledgment: Research Conducted by Warren Katzenstein and Jay Apt, CMU

GE LM6000

Gas Turbines as a Balancing Resource?

Rapid Cycling Increases Costs, Adds Emissions


Flow Batteries

ZrBr VRB PSB Novel Systems

NaS Battery

Li-Ion Battery

NiCd

NiMH

High Power Fly Wheels

SMESHigh Power Super Caps

1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW

Lead Acid Battery

High Energy

Super Caps ZEBRA Battery

Dis

ch

arg

e T

ime

at

Ra

ted

Po

we

r

Seco

nd

s

M

inu

tes

H

ou

rs

UPS Grid Support Energy Management

Power Quality Load Shifting Bridging Power Bulk Power Mgt

Pumped

Hydro

CAES

© 2007 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Advanced Lead Acid Battery

Metal-Air Batteries

Energy Storage Options


Shaping the Future of Electric Transportation

• Developing standard for bi-directional information flow between vehicle and grid

– EPRI Infrastructure Working Council working with Society of Automotive Engineering

• Direct engagement with automotive OEMs to influence their vehicle design to enable smart charging

– Ford program expanded to include 7 additional utilities and NYSERDA

– Direct engagement with GM design team to influence Chevy Volt production model

• In-depth analysis of PHEV impact on distribution system

Ford Announcing Expansion of PHEV

Program with EPRI at the 2009

Washington DC Auto Show


Components of PHEV Grid Integration

MainframeMainframeMainframe

Back Office Systems

MainframeMainframeMainframeMainframeMainframeMainframe

Back Office Systems

Plug-In VehicleAMI Path

Smart Charging Back EndEnergy Management, Cust ID, Billing

Non-AMI Path

Standard

Interface• Utility – Auto industry collaboration

• Standardize interface vehicle-to-grid

• Common

• Open systems


Distribution System Impacts

• Evaluate localized impacts of PHEVs to utility distribution systems

• Participants – ConEd, AEP, Hydro-Quebec, Dominion, TVA, Southern, NU, BC Hydro, SRP, Duke, PG&E,

• Thermal Loading

• Losses

• Voltage

• Imbalance

• Harmonics

• Protection System Impacts

• Advanced Metering

• EE devices

Distribution Impacts Plug-In Characteristics

• Plug-in vehicle type and range

• PEV market share and distribution

• Charge profile and power level

• Charger behavior

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

Jan M

ar M

ay

Jul Sep N

ov

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

kW

HourMonth

Total Loading on Feeder Under Study (2007) kW

10000-110009000-100008000-90007000-80006000-70005000-60004000-50003000-40002000-30001000-20000-1000

Peak - Jan and July and August

Peak Period @ July/Aug - 1pm - 8pm

Peak Period @ Jan - 8am - 11am & 5pm-9pm

Peak - 10.4MW @ July 27th, 2007 @ 5pm


Is a Smart Grid a Green Grid?

Potential Impact

• Annual energy savings: 56–203 billion kWh

• Annual GHG emissions reduction: 60–211 million metric tons of CO2 eq.

• Equivalent to removing 14 to 50 million carsoff the road annually

Reduce Carbon

Emissions

Yield Energy Savings (kWh)

Smart Grid

Reduce Peak

Demand

Indirect Feedback via

Improved Billing

Reduced Transportation via Automated Meter Reading

Reduced Line Losses;

Voltage Control

Improve Operational Efficiency

Figure 6 – Goals of a Smart Grid from a Utility Company’s Perspective: All Paths Lead to Energy Savings and Reductions in Carbon Emissions

Greater EE Deployment

via Enhanced M&V

Expanded Options for Dynamic Pricing

and Demand Response

Indirect Feedback via Improved Metering and

Billing

Peak Demand Reductions

Reduced Operation of

Peaking Plants

Continuous Commissioning/

Proactive Maintenance

Integration of Intermittent Renewables

Facilitation of PHEV

Deployment

Accelerated Device Innovation via

Open Standards

Transform Customer Energy

Use Behavior

Enhance Demand Response/

Load Control

Enhance Customer Service

Support More Utility EE

Investment

Direct Feedback via

Display Devices

Greater Availability of Green Power

Eased Deployment of Renewables to

Meet Peak Demand


Insights from Recent EPRI Work

• The technical potential exists for the U.S. electricity sector to significantly reduce its CO2 emissions over the next several decades.

• No one technology will be a silver bullet – a portfolio of technologies will be needed.

• Development of a “smart grid” is a key enabling step, particularly for distributed renewables, PHEVs, and storage

• Much of the needed technology isn’t available yet –substantial R&D, demonstration is required.

• A low-cost, low-carbon portfolio of electricity technologies can significantly reduce the costs of climate policy.

The “Smart Grid”: Promise and Challengescree/documents/Hannegan conf.pdf · 2009-06-10 ·...

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Transcript of The “Smart Grid”: Promise and Challengescree/documents/Hannegan conf.pdf · 2009-06-10 ·...