The Anti-war Movement and the Counter Culture. The Beginnings Based on the old anti-nukes people...
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![Page 1: The Anti-war Movement and the Counter Culture. The Beginnings Based on the old anti-nukes people –War Resisters League –The Quakers –SANE –Physicians.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649e695503460f94b65619/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Anti-war Movement
and the Counter Culture
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The Beginnings
• Based on the old anti-nukes people– War Resisters League– The Quakers– SANE – Physicians for peace– Women Strikers for Peace– War is morally wrong, antithetical
to American ideas, the government in the south was as corrupt and oppresive as the north’s government
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The Students for a Democratic Society
• The Port Huron Statement– Disillusionment with the
consumer culture– Social divide between the rich
and the poor– Rejected cold war ideology
and foreign policy– “New Left” – not Communist
or Socialist– Leader Tom Hayden
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SDS• SDS held its first antiwar march in
1965, which attracted at least 15,000 protestors to Washington and commanded wide press attention.
• Over the next three years, the organization grew phenomenally, from fewer than a thousand members in 1962 to at least 50,000 in 1968.
• Members of SDS also tried to organize a democratic "interracial movement of the poor" in Northern city neighborhoods.
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Radicalization of the SDS
• After 1968, SDS rapidly tore itself apart as an effective political force
• its final convention in 1969, degenerated into a shouting match between radicals and moderates.
• The Weathermen, a surviving faction of SDS, attempted to launch a guerrilla war in the streets of Chicago-
• Finally, in 1970 three members of the Weathermen blew themselves up in a Greenwich Village brownstone trying to make a bomb out of a stick of dynamite and an alarm clock.
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Free Speech Movement
• Cal-Berkeley – Mario Savio• Break off from the Civil
Rights Movement – Nonviolent passive resistance
• Spreads to colleges in the East
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The Anti war Movement Grows
• Regular students join in at teach-ins to learn about the war
• Protest about ROTC being on campus
• 100,000 met in Washington for “Stop the Draft Week” in 1967
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The Turn• Congress repeals the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution• Soldiers in Vietnam turned against
the War• Vietnam Veterans against the War• Norman Morrison, a 32-year-old
Quaker drenched himself with gasoline and set himself on fire outside the Pentagon;
• Pacifist Roger La Porte, who immolated himself at the United Nations
• 82-year-old Alice Herz, who burned herself to death in Detroit to protest against the war.
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The Fall
• The riots at the Chicago Democratic Convention
• The Vietnamization of the War by Nixon
• Kent State and Jackson State• The end of the draft by 1973
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The Point of it All• Opposition to the war was inversely proportional to both wealth and education.
• Blue-collar workers -"doves" and tended to favor withdrawal from Vietnam,
• The college-educated, high-income strata - "hawks" and supported participation in the war
• Opposition to the war was especially intense among people of color (Chicano Moratorium)
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The Counterculture
• A general revolution against authority and middle class respectability
• Hippie attire – ragged blue jeans, tie-dyed shirts, beads, army fatigues, long unkempt hair
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Music is Important
• Pete Seeger – “Where have all the flowers gone”
• Bob Dylan – “ Blowin in the Wind”
• Beatlemania
• The Rolling Stone’s “I Can’t Get No Satisfaction”
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Drugs
• Recreational use of drugs such as marijuana and LSD become part of the culture
• Musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, the Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane develop acid rock
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The Summer of Love
• “Turn on to the scene, tune in to what is happening, and drop out.” Timothy Leary
• Young people flock to San Francisco and Greenwich Village in NYC. “The Flower Children”
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The Nightmare
• Bad Trips• Sexually transmitted diseases• Loneliness• Violence• Panhandling• Prostitution
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The Manson Family Commune
• Group of young “hippies “ who join a cult led by Charles Manson. Plenty of drugs and free love ($21,000 in medical bills for std’s)
• He convince his followers to kill for him
• Tate-La Bianca Murders• Still in prison
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