The Antebellum South
description
Transcript of The Antebellum South
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Early Emancipation in the North
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Missouri Compromise, 1820
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Characteristics of the
Antebellum South
1. Primarily agrarian.2. Economic power shifted from the
“upper South” to the “lower South.”3. “Cotton Is King!”
* 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports).
4. Very slow development of industrialization.
5. Rudimentary financial system.6. Inadequate transportation system.
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Southern Society (1850)“Slavocracy”
[plantation owners]
The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers]
6,000,000
Black Freemen
Black Slaves3,200,000
250,000
Total US Population 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
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Southern Population
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Southern Agriculture
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Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi
Plantation
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Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
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Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
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Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports
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“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”
William Henry Brown, 1842
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Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling
House, 1823
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Slave Auction Notice, 1823
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Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856
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Slave MasterBrands
Slave Accoutrements
Slave muzzle
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Anti-Slave Pamphlet
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Slave tag, SC
Slave Accoutrements
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
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Slave-Owning Population (1850)
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Slave-Owning Families (1850)
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Slaves posing in front of
their cabin on a
Southern plantation.
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Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?
Hollywood’s Version?
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A Real Georgia Plantation
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Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)
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A Real Mammie & Her Charge
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The Southern “Belle”
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A Slave Family
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The Ledger of John WhiteJ Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr.
Covington, St. Louis, $425.00 J Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home –
CrazyJ Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,
Donaldsonville, $1200.00J Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway.
Sold out of jail, $540.00J Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to
Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00
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US Laws Regarding Slavery
1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act.
3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
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Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?J 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in
Phila.J By 1804: slavery eliminated from last
northern state.J 1807: the legal termination of the slave
trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.J 1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central
& So. America declared their slaves free.
J 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.
J 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.
J 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.
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Slavery Was Less Efficient
in the U. S. than ElsewhereJ High cost of keeping slaves
fromescaping.
J GOAL raise the “exit cost.”u Slave patrols.u Southern Black Codes.u Cut off a toe or a foot.
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Slave Resistance1. “SAMBO” pattern of behavior used
as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].
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Slave Resistance2. Refusal to work hard.3. Isolated acts of sabotage.4. Escape via the Underground
Railroad.
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Runaway Slave Ads
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Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.
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Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas
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Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
1822Gabriel Prosser
1800
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Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:
Nat Turner, 1831
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The Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or
Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.3. Nuclear family with extended kin
links,where possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].
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Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda