The Animal Kingdom What is an animal? Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes No cell walls 2 types...

The Animal Kingdom

What is an animal?

• Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes

• No cell walls

• 2 types of tissue that are only found in animals: nervous and muscle tissue

• most reproduce sexually

• diploid stage is dominant

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Simple Invertebrates

• First division in animal kingdom is between animals with no nerves and animals with nervous tissue.

• The only non nervous tissue animals are the Phylum Porifera

• Porifera are commonly known as sponges• Stay in a fixed place, have asymmetric

body plan• Have specialized types of cells

Phylum Cnidaria

• The next division is between radially symmetrical animals and bilaterally symmetrical animals.

• Cnidaria have symmetrical bodies (radial) and have cells that are organized into tissues.

• Include hydrozoans, jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, and corals.

Other Invertebrates• The other invertebrates include the phyla:

– Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)• Unsegmented worms• Single opening• Parasites usually• No circulatory or respiratory systems

– Rotifera• Aquatic, freshwater• No circulatory or respiratory systems

– Mollusca• Clams, snails, octopus, squid• 3 main body parts: foot, mantle (shell) and visceral mass• Digestive system, circulatory system, gills







– Annelida (segmented worms)• Earthworm• Digestive system• Bodies are segmented

– Nematoda (roundworms)• Pinworms, heartworms• Unsegmented bodies, complete digestive tract• Many are parasites• Soil and aquatic





– Arthropoda (have an exoskeleton made of chitin)

• Most abundant• Segmented body parts that are more specialized• Jointed legs, body cavity• Complete digestive, excretory, circulatory,

respiratory• Many different classes. Some include:

– Arachnida (scorpions, spiders, mites, ticks)– Crustacea (shrimp, lobster, crayfish, crabs)– Insecta – Diplopoda and Chilopoda (millipede)

– Echinodermata• Same pattern of embryonic development as the

vertebrates• Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers• Immature stages are free swimming and bilaterally

symmetrical but as they grow, they develop radial symmetrical bodies.



Vertebrates• Phylum Chordata have at one point in their

development a hollow nerve cord and gill slits.• Bilaterally symmetrical, tails.• Have 7 classes:

– Jawless fish• Lamprey• Skeletons made of cartilage• No paired appendages

– Cartilaginous fish• Shark, ray, skate• Skeletons made of cartilage• Paired appendages





– Bony Fish• Bass, trout, salmon• Skeletons are bony• Swim bladder (for buoyancy)

– Amphibians• Frogs, salamanders• Adults have 4 limbs for land, aquatic larval stage• Breathe through lungs or skin

– Reptiles• Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles• Most are terrestrial tetrapods with dry scaly skin• Breathe with lungs







– Class Aves (Birds)• 2 legs and 2 arms for wings• Most are capable of flight• Feathers• Warm blooded

– Class Mammalia• Tetrapods• Hair• Nurse young with milk• Warm blooded• Most give birth to live young





The Animal Kingdom What is an animal? Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes No cell walls 2 types...

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