The Animal Cell Obj 8.02. The Cell Body is made up of millions of cells Basic unit of the body and...
Transcript of The Animal Cell Obj 8.02. The Cell Body is made up of millions of cells Basic unit of the body and...
Cell Parts
• Cell Membrane– Thin layer of protein and fat that surround the cell– Allows and blocks certain substances from
entering
Cell Parts
• Cytoplasm– Jelly like substance that gives the cell shape and
contain components necessary for cell functions
Cell Parts
• Golgi Body– Located near the nucleus and produces the
membrane that surrounds the lyosomes
Cell Parts
• Lyosome– Round shaped organelle that contains digestive
enzymes that allow digestion of cell nutrients
Cell Parts
• Mitochondrion– Rod shaped organelle that converts energy stored
in glucose into ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate)
Cell Parts
• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Transports materials through the cell– Rough ER has ribosomes and looks like layers– Smooth ER do not have ribosomes and looks like
small pipes
Cell Division
• Mitosis– Results in animal growth– Animals begin as a single cell – Chromosomes duplicate as division occurs
Cell Division
• 4 stages of mitosis– Prophase: nucleolus disappears and centrioles
move to opposite ends of the cell. Fibers form and extend from centromeres
– Metaphase: fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the nucleus
– Anaphase: paired chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
– Telophase: nuclear membrane forms around the newly divided chromosomes and membrane contracts
Cell Division
• Meiosis– Produces the sex cells (gametes) to have ½ the
number of chromosomes that body cells have
Cell Division
• Gamete Formation– One set of chromosomes come from the sperm
and ovum– The zygote is created during fertilization and has
chromosomes from each parent. They match up based on genetic information
Cell Division
• Sex cell formation of the sperm and ova are also produced through meiosis– Production of sperm is called spermatogenesis• Males produce sperm at sexual maturity• Spermatocytes divide into spermatids
– Production of ovum is called oogenesis• Females produce ova at sexual maturity• Oocytes divide to form ovum. Ovum stores food for the
zygote (embryo)
Chromosomes
• Chromosomes are rod shaped bodies in pairs
– Cattle: 30 pairs– Hogs: 19 pairs– Chickens: 39 pairs– Humans: 23 pairs
Genes
• Genes control characteristics that are inherited from parents
• Dominant Genes hide the effect of recessive genes. Represented by a capital letter
• Recessive Genes are mask by dominant genes but show up when you cross breed
Genes
• Homozygous genes are the same on each allele
• Heterozygous genes that carry two different genes that will affect a trait