The Ancient Greeks. EQ 1: How did the geography of ancient Greece affect the development of the...
-
Upload
neil-kelley -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of The Ancient Greeks. EQ 1: How did the geography of ancient Greece affect the development of the...
EQ 1: How did the geography of ancient Greece affect the development of the Greek civilization?
Key Terms: Mediterranean Sea, polis, mythology, Olympics
Geographic Features—The Sea
Made up of islands & peninsulas surrounded by Mediterranean, Black, & Ionian SeasEffects economy relied on sea travel and trade; early cities less than 50 miles from coast
Geographic Features—The Mountains
Divided the people; long travel time by landEffect nearly impossible to unite under one countryEffect development of the polis—city-state, city that operates as an independent nation
Geographic Features—The Climate
Moderate temperatures, rainfall only in the winterEffects public discussions held outside, leading to democracy=Rule by the People
Early Settlers— 1. Minoans
c.2000 B.C. – 1400 B.C.SignificanceSettled island of Crete; named after mythical king MinosWealthy, advanced civilization w/ beautiful homes and indoor plumbing; disappeared w/o explanation
Early Settlers— 2. Mycenaeans
c.2000 B.C. – 1200 B.C.Strong military, well-fortified citySignificance believed to have fought Trojan WarSignificanceGreek poet Homer wrote epics—the Iliad and The Odyssey, describing the Trojan War
Epic—Poem describing the adventures and deeds of a heroMythology—stories of the Greek gods; had very human-like characteristicsArête—perfection, excellence
Greek Mythology
http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=32802&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Zeus:%20King%20of%20the%20Gods&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=&loid=77934#
Early Settlers— 3. Dorians
c.1150 B.C. – 750 B.C.Little known about themArtifacts show less advanced tools, potterySignificance b/c writing disappeared, brought Dark Ages of GreeceSignificance were the first to record Olympic games, competitions honoring Athletic Heroes
EQ 2: What contributions were made by Sparta & Athens?
Key Terms: Code of Lycurgus, philosophy, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Parthenon, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Archimedes, drama, tragedy, comedy
Sparta—Perfection in Body
Spartans focused on strength, disciplineGovernment was considered an oligarchy—govt. is controlled by a small group of people
slave rebellion caused adoption of strict policy of military buildupCode of Lycurgus—named after legendary king who gave Sparta first laws, then starved himself during famine to save food
Spartan MalesAll babies examined by city elders at birth, weak ones were abandonedAge 7, boys sent to live with army, begin training; little food, clothing, were encouraged to stealAge 20, allowed to marry but had to live with army until 30; remained on active duty until age 60
Spartan Boot Camp
http://www.history.com/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines#spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines
Spartan Females
Girls encouraged to live active lives; not allowed to marry until 19; resulted in healthier babiesWorked in fields and home
people less educated, advancedModern word Spartan—extremely disciplined, focusing on the most basic of necessities
Battle of Thermopylae
http://www.history.com/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines#last-stand-of-the300-the-kill-zone
Athens—Perfection in Mind
Athens focused on intellectual and artistic pursuitsPhilosophy philo-love, sophis-wisdom
Socrates, 470 B.C.Taught students, not facts but how to think & reason using questions 399 B.C. arrested, charged with corrupting Athens’ youth & neglecting the gods; found guilty, forced to drink hemlock poison
Plato, a student of SocratesEst. Academy (aka School of Athens), lasted 900 yearsWrote The Republic, describing perfect govt. run by philosopher-king
Aristotle, a student of Plato for 20 yrs.Developed syllogisms, statements of reasoningStated earth was center of universe
Art
Parthenon—temple atop the Acropolis, mountain overlooking AthensDesigned imperfectly so that perspective would cause stairs and columns to appear perfect
Drama
Comedy—story with happy endingTragedy—story where someone attempts to avoid fate with disastrous results (Oedipus Rex)
BackgroundSon of king of Macedon, PhilipTaught to be warrior by his father, how to think, reason, strategize by AristotlePhilip assassinated at daughter’s wedding (by own wife?)Alexander became king, 336 B.C. at age 20
Conquest
Felt he was descendant of Achilles, kept copy of The IliadFirst united Greek city-states, then went after PersiaOutnumbered on several occasions, victorious every timeConquered most of known world
Cultural Diffusion
Est. hundreds of cities like Greek onesMost important was Alexandria, EgyptSaw Persian culture had something to offer, combined best of both
Married daughter of Persian king, encouraged soldiers to intermarryWore Persian clothingHellenistic—combination of, Egyptian, Persian, Indian and Greek (east and west) cultureAlexandria, Egypt became center of Hellenistic culture