The Anabasis of Xenophon with an Interlinear Translation
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Transcript of The Anabasis of Xenophon with an Interlinear Translation
2J
Students, and others Sti
who
desire to shorten their hours of study, can
do so by using
^I
miVIRGIL.
HAMILTON, LOGKE & CLARK'SOP
umWi iimmm,TKANSLATIONS.Price, $2.25 each.
A GREAT AID TO STUDENTS.TTie poet Milton says : " IVe do amiss to spend seven or eight years merely scraping together so much miserable Latin and Greek as might be learned otherwise easily atui delightfully in one year."
LATINBy Hart and Osborne. C^SAB. By Hamilton and Clark.Stirling, NuttaJl, Clark.
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HOMER'S TTiTAD. GrOSPEL OF ST. JOHN. With the original Greek text. XENOPHON-S ANABASIS. By Hamilton and Clark.To be followed by School Editions of the otherClassic Writers,
on the same plan.
When the Latin tongue was the only language of diplomacy and scientific international communication, to acquire a knowledge of it was considered of more importance than at the present day. This method was then recommended by Cardinal Wolsey, John Ascham, Latin Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, and by John Milton, the best Latin scholar and writer of his time ; and " When by this way of interlining Latin in testimony of it John Locke says and English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge of the Latin then be advanced a little further. Nor let the objection that he tongue, he may will then know it only by EOTE fright any one. This, when well considered, is not of any moment against, but plainly for, this way of learning a language. s them well The languages are has no other rule b m, these works PRrVATE LIBRARY advantages present:
CLARK'SAdapted
PF
iAMMAR.
to the It
In on
0amcs^MAuOJ
tther Systems.0.5 ;
of this scholar is learning in lessons extracte applied, a more ra always been the rt
The plan
for while the
its
exemplified s been properly of Latin has
em
Address
CHAELES DE SILYER &Publishers
SONS,Philadelph Iphia.
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Booksellers,
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THE
ANABASIS OF XENOPHON;WITH AH
INTERLINEAR TRANSLATION,
FOR THE USE OP SCHOOLS AND PRIVATE LEAENERS,
HAMILTONIAN SYSTEll,lUPBOTSD BT
1.8
THOMAS CLARK,IBIIOS 07LATIK AHD
INIEKLINEAa OLABSIOa.
PHILADELPHIA:
CHARLES DeSILVER &PUBLISHERS.
SONS,
Bntered, according to Act of CongreBS, in the year 1869, fcy
CHARLES DESILVEB>tn the Clerk's OfEN tf tbe District Court of the UnitedOiftrict of PennsylvanliLStfttes 2br
the Eastern
tUOTTPED BT
J.
rAOUt.
Annex
PREFACE,
8IianC
interlinear edition of the Anabasis of Xenoplion
Ibeen carefully translated
bj the
editor of the Latin
anJ Greekis
series of
interlinear classics.
His plan
s
anewhat peculiar, being intermediate between the
syst fms of
Hamilton and Locke.sentences
The uncouth andof Hamilton are
freq lently unintelligible
avoi led, while on the other
hand the verbal and gram-
matical meanings are given with an accuracy fully
equalthe
to
his,
if
not
surpassingis
it.
By
this
plan
sense
of the textis
also
conveyed
more pre-
cisely
than
done either by the plan of Hamilton or
that of
Locke
every idiomatic and grammaticalwillit
diffi-
culty being completely overcome.
The work
be found of great service to the
student of the Greek language, asthe difficulties so perplexing inits
removes
many
of
study.
The use
of a few signs and characters, explained on
another page, has, in a measure, enabled the author toaccomplish what he has above set forth.
THOMAS CLARK.
EXPLANATIONS.
The
union of two or more words by hyphens denotes, that they togethel;
express the meaning of one Greek word
.as,
are-born.to
When
two or more words, emploj'edprefixed to the
express a Greek word, are sepa-
rated by one or more words placed between tbeui, such interposition
denoted by a figure
'
word next preceding that interposed,;
and another
figure
'
placed before the next succeeding word
ovrcd SiaTi^elg'havingso
'disposed
.all.
is
as,
An
English word or sentence included within parenthesesis
cation that such word or sentence
not expressed in Greek
ased-to-come
to
him
of-the (persons sent) from (the)
.( ) is;
an indi-
as
king.
AVhen a word placedaboveit is
in parentheses is italicized, it
shows that the word;
either superfluous or not to be expressed in English
as,
nalSe.he-desired{the)
A dash directs the word
above
it
6
Where anitalicized
.to
both
(his)
sons.as,
be omitted in the translation ;
Cyrus.
word or sentence within parenthesesas,
is
followed bythe latter
another word or sentence, also in parentheses, but not in
forms the proper reading ;
happened
{behig-preecnt) (to-be-present).[ ]it
.
italics,
When
a word or sentencenature of a note
is;
put in brackets
serves as an explanais to
tion, in the
but when the reading thus enclosed
bo
used instead of the
literal translation,is
beginning of the reading that
might-have (themselves) [mightI
.
a vertical
line
(
|
)
is
placed at the
to
be changed;
as,
be].
(iv)
TESTIMONIALSAS TO
THE MERITS OF%\tInlcrlinear
f ransktiou
uf i\t
(ilmm.
Testimony of celebrated men in favour of the interlineary system of translations, as being best adapted for learning a language.
Milton.
"We do amiss
to
spend seven or eight years merelyLatin and Greek as might betheir certain
in scraping together as
much
learned easily and delightfully in one year.If,
after
some preparatory grounds of speech by
forms got into memory, they were led to the praxis thereof in
Bome chosen short book lessoned tliorouglily to them, [that is, read and translated to them], which would bring the whole language quickly into their power. This I take to be the most natural and most profitable way of learning languages. [Children] should begin with the chief and necessary rules of some good grammar, either that now used, or any better and;
while this
is
doing, their speech
is
to be fashioned to a distinct
and clear pronunciation, as near as may be to the Italian, especially in the vowels. Next, to make them expert in the usefullest points of grammar, some easy and delightful book should beread to them.
[By
this,
Milton means that the teacher should read someit re-
easy Latin book to his pupils, and translate and explainBelves translate
peatedly, until they understand such Latin book, and can themit.]
(v)
VI
TESTIMONIALS.
John Locke, authorstanding."
of the " Essay on the
Humanit,
Underalittle
Whenit
I consider
what ado
is
made about
Latin and Greek,
how many yearsmakesto
are spent inI
and Avhat a
noise and business
no purpose,
can hardly forbearlive in fear of the
thinking that the parents of childrenof education
still
schoolmaster's rod, which they look on as the only instrument;
as a language or two to be his whole businoss. possible that a child should be chained to the oar,life, to
How else
is it
seven, eight, or ten of the best years of his
get a lan-
guage or two, which, I think, might be had at a great deal cheaper rate of pains and time, and be learned almost in playing. [The first project of Locke] is to trouble the child with no grammar at all, but to have Latin as English has been, without the perplexity of rules, talked into him, for, if you will consider it, Latin is no more unknown to a child, when he comes into the and yet he learns English without a world, than English master, rule, or grammar; and so might he Latin, too, as Tully did, if he had somebody always to talk to him in this language. And when we so often see a French woman teach an English girl to speak and read French perfectly in a year or two, without any rule of grammar, or anything else but prattling to her, I cannot but wonder how gentlemen have overseen this way for their sons. If, therefore, a man could be got, who, himself speaking good Latin, would always be about your son, talk constantly to him, and suffer him to speak and read nothing else, this would be the true and genuine way, and that which I would propose, not only as the easiest and best, wherein a child might, without pains or chiding, get a language which others are wont;
to be
as that wherein, at the
whipt for at school six or seven years together but also same time, he might ha^his mind and;
manners formed, and be instructedledge of things thatfall
in all other parts of
knowlittle
under the senses, and requireif
more than memory.
But
such a
man cannot
be got
who
speaks good Latin, the next best thing is to have him taught as near this way as may be, which is by taking some easy and pleasant book, such as iEsop's Fables, and writing the Englishtranslation
(made
as literal as can be) in one line,
and the Latin
words which answer each of them, just over it in another These let him read every day, over and over again, till he per and then gc on to another Fable. fectly understands the Latin;
TESTIMONIALS.till
Vll
he
is
also perfect in that, not omitting
what heto
isit
already'inhis
perfect in,
but sometimes reviewing that
keep
memory. The formation of the verb first, and afterwards the declensions of the nouns and pronouns, perfectly learned by heart, facilitate his acquaintance with the genius and manner of the Latin tongue, which varies the signification of verbs and nouns, not as the modern languages do, by particles prefixed, but by changing the last syllable. More than this of grammar, I think,he need not have,till
he can read himself Sanctii Minerva,
As he advancesledge of grammar.
in acquiring a
knowledge of words, he must
advance, pari pasu, in obtaining a thorough and critical know-
When bymay
this
way
of interlining Latin and
English one with another, he has got a moderate knowledge ofthe Latin tongue, he the reading of;
then be advanced a
little
farther, to
some other easy Latin book, such as Justin, or Eutropius and, to make the reading and understanding of it the less tedious and difficult to him, let him help himself withthe English translation.
Nor
let the objection, that
he will thenwell consi-
knowdered,
it
only by rote, fright any one.not of any
This,
whento
is
moment
against, but plainly for, this
way
of learning a language.
For languages are only
be learned
by
rote
;
and a
man who
does not speak English and Latin per-
fectly
byof,
rote, so that
having thought of the thing he would
gramand idiom of that language, does not speak it well, nor is master of it. Languages were made, not by rules of art, but by accident, and the common use _i3^ of the people and he that speaks them well has no other rule but that, nor anything to trust to but his memory, and the habit of speaking after the fashion learned from those that are allowedhis tongue, of course without thought of rule orinto the proper expression
speak
mar,
ftills
;
to
speak properly, which, in other words,
is
only to speak by
rote.
1st.
Sydney Smith. The Hamiltonian system, on the other hand, Teaches an unknown tongue by the closest interlinear transinstead of leaving a boy to explore his2d. It postpones the study of
lations,
lexicon or dictionary.
way by the grammar
till a considerable progress has been made in the language, and a great degree of practical grammar has been acquired. 3d. It eubstitutes the cheerfulness and competition of the Lancasterian
Vlll
TESTIMONIALS.
eystem for the dull solitude of the dictionary.a boy finds hois
By
these
meansfirst
making a
progress, and learning somethingis
from the very beginning.appearance of insuperable
He
not overwhelmed vrith the;
difiSculties
he receives some he
little
pay from the
first
moment
of his apprenticeship, andtill
is
not
compelled to wait for remuneration
is
out of his time.
The
student, having acquired the great art of understandingis
~V- the sense of what
written in another tongue,
may go
into the
study of the language as deeply and as extensively as he pleases.
The old system aims at beginning with a depth and accuracy which many men never will want, which disgusts many from arriving even at moderate attainments, and is a less easy, and not more certain road to a profound skill in a language, than if attention to grammar had been deferred to a later period.Inthisfine,
we
are strongly persuaded that, the time being given,;
system will make better scholars
and, the degree of
scholarship being given, a If thereis
much;
shorter time will be needed.
any truth
the most usefulfills
reflecting
in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of men of his age for, if there is anything which men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste
of mortal time, parental
money, and puerile happiness,
in the
present method of pursuing Latin and Greek.
Virgil, Horace, Cesar, Cicero, Ovid, Sallust, Juvenal, Livt, Xenophon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad, and the Gospel of St. John,have already been published on the interlinear plan, and will be succeeded by the other Classics, as speedily asis
consistent with accurate
preparation,
and
the importance of the undertaking.
Charles Desilver,1229 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
SPECIAL AOENTS.Claxton, Remskn & Haffelfinger, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia; D. Appleton & Co., MASOif, Baker & Pratt, New York Nichols 7MUetus
ocataby
he-besieged
both
land
and
by
xai
sea,
and he-endeavoured to-bring-back
{been)-driven-out) (the exiles).
pretext
for-him[
{of. the
npbgForsending
),of-him,
to
brother
'(the)
^ ,. /rovg{tlie|
kavhig-
And
again there-was
this
other
to-collect) (for
assembling) (an)
army.
king
he-requested (that) being ya)
those
So^rlvaicities
(ought) to-have-been-gi\ en
01
, 3to-himself
rather
than
(that)
Tissapherues
(should)
rule
them,
and
(his)
mother
supported
this;
therefore (the)
Trigtheplot
TCpog
fighting
(the) (his)
of-them
.armies;fighting
against,
,kinghimself,*[
'did
not
indeed
,^him(in)
'perceive
but he-thought
he
(Cyrus)
Sajtavavspends(his
'//Kai
with-Tissaphernes
means)
therefore 'it-was
not
^upon'hatedtheir
[therefore he
was not displeased with
being at war].
For
6 KvpogCyrusremitted'to (the)
'king
rovgthe
^ti'ibutcs|
BOOK
I.
CHAPTERfrom
I.
arising
Tissaphenies
happened
'Butanother
army
. ?^the
tQV
,cities,
13
>which
having [had].
was-collected
r9iChersonosus(in the)
'theexile;
rbv rpOTtov.manner(thereof.)
?^Cleiirchus
right-over-against
(a)
6
'len-thousand
not-only was struck-witli-admiration (for) him, but-also
^.darics.
,^army
Cyrus
having- become-acquainted
^ 'Abydos,
^, ^for-himthis
in
(was)
Lacedajmonian
was (an)
with-this
(man)
avrov xai
^iScdOLV avroj gives him
|
But having-taken
the
rovrov tavhe-collected (an)
from
these
xai[by means thereof],
ix
and making-irruptions from
he-Avaged-war against (the) Thracians,
^,
(the)
, 'Chersonesus
gold
things
oixovai(who)dwell
r;7to^'o^',Hellespont,
and he-was-of-serviee
to-the
"'Greeks;
so-tbat
^soldiers.
atthe
Hellespontian
.being -maintainedjretlyI
buted (the necessary)
^.things
;^7,'
'to-him
towns
willingly
contri-
above (the)
xaiand
rnvfor
the nourishment of-tho
|
This indeed again (was) thus
(an)
army
secreted
for-him
[thus again
an army was
se-
maintained for him].
Aristippus
6
6the
Thessaliau
^,being
happened
to-him (a) guest-friend [happened
to
be hie
3
14
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
guest bound by the
ties
of hospitality],,
oixoloijposite-faction
at-home
avrovrequests (of)
him
(for
them
for)
three
^ ,he-goes
,and
being-pressed
two-thousand
mercenaries,
months,
as
thus
superior
[so that
8But
'Cyrus
he might be superior
to]
^iSoaivgives
xaithousand
and
avTovof-him" he-'would not
^ ^payfirst
him
(for) six
. ,to
tov
^,Cyrus,
by
thd
and
|
'he
might 'have-Loen-
^ andpay)
the
opposite-faction.
to (the
number
of
four-
months,
and he-requests
'terminate
(the strife) against
the
opposite-faction
,.maintained
with-him [Cyrus].
^|
before (that)
(an)
he-should-consult
8againfor-him
to
Thus
army
-
being-
secreted
ivmaintained for him]in
'(.Thessaly.|
[thus again an
army was
secretly
8the
Boeotian
|
being (a) guest (of ) him [who was in the
^
He-ordered
Proxenus
^, ?'3 ^,of hospitality with him] (that)
?.6
ties
having-taken [having collected] as-many
oTL
men
as-possible
to-come-to
(him), as-if
he-were-wishin
there-was to-him [bringing
ix9L
hoov|
taking
whatever
army
(that)
having-been-reconciled
him)
at-btme
\(tohave-8ent)
barmy
which he-had;
'/ 'all
xai
the forces he had] but-also
'ApiaAria-
with
(to send)
to
'himself
(those oppofed
(the)
xaiand
he-sent-word
to-Xenias
the
16
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.rovthe
',Arcadian,
who had-been-commander-over
except as-many-as were
,towns
aiVa,
for-him, to-come
8He-called-for
and
?^he-exhortedfc-^'
having-promised
(the objects) for
which he-took-the-field,
^^ , , ^^ ',|
, ^. ?.mercenaries in
-,
the
taking
[bringing]
(all)
the
men,
ragthe
sufficient
to-guard
citadels.
rovg
also
^^^
(those)
besieging
Miletus,
the
exiles
to serve-as-soldiers
with
him,
to-them,
if
'he-should successfully
'accomplish
nplvbefore
avrovghe-might-have-led
^.home
||not
them
he led them home].
they -believed
'01him;etgatto
Si'They cheerfully
6*^$and
having-taken
Ttapriaavwere-presentI
[joined
him
at]
.ra
^(^'0
to-cease
[he would not cease before'
Obeyed
(him)
;
for
(their)
armsSrialso
Sardis.
Xenias
came
rd)Vfrom the
Lovg'thousand;
, ^towns,
rovghaving-taken (with him) the (soldiers)
Sardis
onXiroug
ig ^Z^^
rrpafour-
(being) heavy-armcd-men to-the-number-of
8|
Ttaprivwas-present [came]
Proxenus
having
ragSialso
armed-men
to-the-number-of five-hundred and 7ivraoog vv^rag^ Xoavrogfive-hundredlight-armed,
ig
7tvraoovg
a-thousand,
,Si
6?heavy-
6
Sophtenetus
likewise, the
rvog6tymphalian
^iXiovghaving
07t7urag'Socrates
6
6
Also the
;^Achaian
a-thousand heavy-armed-men
7tvraoovghaving aboutfive-hundred
oTikirag,heavy-armed-men,
BOOK6Pasionthe
I.
CHAPTERSealso
Mewith
And
no-oae
BOOKoi'TtoTf'shall
I.
CHAPTERno one
never
"/^Greeks
'have-said, [and
,
shall ever say],
rovgamongthe
having-led
the
barians.
me
.8 ^,"EXXiyi-agGreeks
rriv
took-in-preferenco the
,III.
Si
that
1
TtpoSovg
barbarians,
deserting
rav
friendship
of-the
But
since
you
'do
not
'desire
nor
to-foUow
(me),
I
-'hir^be-necessary.
{with)
^^ ,bar-
to-obey
xai
you,
and
,will-submit-to
b
ti
what
avmay
TapForI-considor
xai xaiand
narpiSa xaiand (my) friends
xaiand (my)
you
to-be
to-me (and) (my) country,
avmay
Cmindeed 'think (that) with
felIu\r-soldiers,
you
, 8to-be
honoured wherever
may
'be,
but being destitute
^(I
am)
of-you,
av
may
(a)
,friend,(this)
''to-be
'think (myself) not
competent either
am-going, where
'
, .or
oiV av
(/^^repel
(an)
^. 'enemy.
to-help
ovv
That therefore
xaialso
you
may
,
opinion (that I am determined to go with you).
8[thus did he speak];
olthe
he-said
and
^ ^of-thoso
of-himself, [as well those of his
hearing
these-things,
to-marcli-forth
agaiust (the)
6 ,, ,^,king,
,I
(be going), then
hold-to
These-things
soldiers,
|
as- well
xaithe
?.,others,
own command], as
that he-should-say (that bo was)'
they- applauded;
two-thousand (soldiers)
from
8Xenias
xaiand
,morethan
not
Pasion,
^.32taking
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
(their)
arms
find
(their)
baggage
en-
Ki'pogCyrus
camped
with
Clearchus.
being-perplexedrov
^
rovroig,andalso'
distressed
at-these-things,
6
^
^^|
ovnot
archus
;
who however would
to-be-of-good-courage'
, 8the(to
,go,
sent-for
Clothe
/13^
soldiers,
required-manner ; [as those
(he requested Cyrus)
^sending(a)
messenger
^
8he-told (him)
unknown however (to)
to-him,
as
these-things
being-arranged
in
affairs
would be
satisfactorily arranged]
to-send
(and again) request
?^and
';|
^
also
him
'
Se
^, ,cometo
him)
;
but
he
(after
being sent for again) said (that he
om
Uvai.go.
would) not
soldiers
having-joined
, ,Afterof-himself,
hk
this
assembling
the
[his soldiers]
(those)
him,
and
the
8.thusus,
desirous
of-the
other
(soldiers to
be present), he-spokeSri
"Ai^^peg
Men
soldiers,
(it is)
indeed
^evident
(to
them.)
Kt'pouof-Cyrus
hold (themselves)
so'
to
,
otlthat the (affairs)|
as
Ttpogour(affairs do)
to
him ;
[the affairs of Cyras are in the
lame
relation to us, that ours are to
him]
:
for
neither (are)
we
now
oiI
(the/
soldiers
of-him
[his soldiers] at-least
after we-'do no|
, ,/"ovxnotas
^, .'follow
BOOK
I.
'nor
CHAPTER(is)
.now
"*
him,
he
"OnThat
io-us.
however
he-thinks
(himself)
^^injuredthe
^^
33
paymaster
I-know;
and
so-that
he
sending-for
^?I-will
2^^indeed (whatis)
have-gone, [go],
-^no
onbecause
avvoihaI-am-conscious
^to-myself
,(of)
by
(me)
greatest,
being-ashamed,
avrovhim
Ttavra,in-all(this),
xoll
8indeedthen-also
having-deceiA'ed
and
,
im^having-seizcd
having-feared,
lest,
me
|
he-may -have-inflicted [he may
Six -,inflict]
punishment, (for the things)
,^,^self) to-have-been-injured
vnby
.|
of-which [in which] he-thinks (him-
OvvTherefore(this)
^^,to-sleep,
me.
8seems
to-mo
ovh'norto-neglect
to-be
time
for-us
our
ix
. 6selves
but
(from
these
^ ?^.advantage|
>.,'
it-seems to-me
the-most-securely,
we-may-depart the-most-safely,
, , ,to-deliberate
what
b,
ti
is-necessary
KaXAnd
[next].
as (long) indeed (as) we-remain
,nc
to-do
here,
enut
to-be necessary-to-be-considered,
how
'we (may) 'remain
,^now
if
also
(it)
seems
(best)
to-depart,
how
xaiand
how
we-shall-have
the
necessaries- of-life; for
without
these
(necessaries)
|
(there
is)
neither [either] (to the)
commander
|
nor
[or] (to the;
private-soldier [the
commander and
private soldier are alike ineflScient].
34
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON6 dvr.p man (is)may
'
But the
indeed (a)Ji
to -whom 'he
'be (a)
,friend,
7.friend
worthy
8but (a)
7to?Juog'to-whom'he
may
'be (an)
enemy;
xaibothfoot
xai hvtiznvand
Ttavtegall
alike
not strange] for
^'see
cavalry,
also (a)
and
also
^'^|
^hkhe-has
^^ , ,77of-much(estimaiion)
most-bitter
enemy,
alsc (a)
I'oroo
naval
(one),'
which 'we
know;
and
(this is
we-seem
to-me
to-sit [to
Ttoppofar-from
avTov'him;
wherefore
, , ^knowsto-be
.better.|
be encamped] not-indeed
btimeto-say
(it is)
what
Saying
this
.Ttindeed
ovSe
any-one
he-finished,
roirothis
Upon
b' then (several)
aviatawo,
o\
tov
of-their-own-accord,
(ai7'have both (the) children
j^uj^'at^ag
and
wives
.oTtthat
But
let-them-go,
they-are
worse
them.
Although
'I
indeed
of-them
guarded
44
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
at
Tralles
but
they-'shall
not-even
'be-deprived
%of-these,
rovrav,but
aTwXriy^ovTathey-shall-receive (them) on-account-of
good-conduct towards
tavrathese;
nvwas
^Tteptdisinclinedfull
^.formerly.
(their)
iiie
[thus did he speak]
;
Si ol and the
",AndGreeks,
if
|
'he indeed 'said
any (one)
in-fine
towards
the
ascent [expedition]
hearing
TYiv
xaiand
^. '^ , , , ^Krpou,the noble-conduct of-Cyrus,with-greater-alacrity-of-mind.
TiSiov
accompanied
ravrathese
After
(things)
Cyrus
, .'proceeds
(him) with-great-pleasuro
four
ivrl
rhvthe
daj's'-march
(making)
twenty
parasangs
to
ovrabeing
tothe
3T?i3pou,breadth 'cf ()'plethrum,
river
Chalus,
(it)
if
xaiand
^-.^,tameii&li,
and
of-large
Si'potSyrians
considered (to be)
ovSenor
to-injure
(neither them)
villages
in
which they-encaniped
^^ )7to Parysatis]
having-been-given (her)
^^to|
Thenco
he-proceeds
' . -^xaiandgods,
which the
Tagthe
^.'did
ovx
not 'permit (any one)
At
Se
pigeons.
The
|
were
of-Parysatls
[belonged
|
for (her)
girdle [for pin-money]
five
days'-march, (making)
thirty
rovthe
piirasiingt)
springs
[sources] of-the
river
73'.the
Dardes
breadth
of-which
(is
that) 'of (a)
'plctlirum.
BOOK
I.
CHAPTERpalaces
the
^teen
. .xaiandlarge
^ , ^,,',^"haavwere
rdthe
Here
having-ruled-over [the ruler] of-Syria,
'^,IV.of-Belesys
45
>|
the
xaiand
beautiful,
having
all,
' ^'down
(a)
park,
very
how-much-so-ever(tbi) seasons
xaiandburned
produce.
-^palaces.
Thence
,parasangs,
But
Cjtus
'cut
it
he-proceeds
three
days'- march (making)
fif-
to
the
ovra(it)
TObreadth
being (there) the
aiVo^iwasa)city
there
47 now
7;^6'passing
\
(mho) (Cyrus) wondered what-person
57
Tt TOthe
, .OTLthat(it
he-asked what
^ ^AndXenophon
said,
(through the ranks) for-the-second-time.
.the
what
the
Gvv^
watch-word
-
noise
'is
7?->7But
followed
with
(all their)
might,
not
the
,to-runchariots,
and calling-out to-one-another
with -speed,
but
to-follow
in
order.
^^,voidof-drivers,
were-born
7(?^through (the ranks) of-the
6;
enemy
also through
when
they-could see (them coming)
^,'in(a)
'^'.of-the
(the ranks)
Greeks.
ranks]
but there-was
as
thty-said
however
[in
any thing]
;
else]
of-the
TavTYithis
^was said
}
^ ^ ?. ^ ^ .race-course,(that) neither 'did this-person'suffer
,|
|
they-stood-apart [they opened their
some-one-person
6 -^,themselves,
,
but
(some) indeed
(others)
ot,
But
(they),
.
(who) also
he-having-been-struck-with-fear; and
^'[suffer
was-caught,
ovHv|
nothing;
''
|
neither 'did
no-one
other
indeed [nor did any one
Greeks
suffer
nothing
any thing]
in
battle,
^^.seeingthe
except
on
the
left,
some-one
to-have-been -shot-with-an-arrow.
"^^^ButCyrus
Greeks
conquering
and
8pursuing
BOOKro
I.
CHAPTER
the (part of the
xal
'andaboutbui,
being-saluted
^now
army) opposed-to
as
avrov,him,
''
nor (yet) was-'he thus 'led-away
,^ ^ ^,VUl.
81
xaS
them,
bping-pleaeea,
king
by
(th}se)
to-pursue (the enemy),
(5[six-nundred(the;
, ? ^ ?manat least]
76'receied
one
man
[that he
the-most
presents, (and this)
8
many
(reasons)
j
but
these (presents) he-distributed 'to
^
'friends
very-much
(excelling)
certainly
(in
all
(men),
looking
to
the
manners
and
(to that) of
which
he-saw
each- one
the-most
, .needed
this -respect)
of-each,
92.
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
KalAnd
, 'jforthe
whatever (present) any-one
body
,
might-send (him as a;)yj
of-him, [for his person], either as-if
war,
or
as-if
for (use in personal)
TtFpl about
these
(presents) they-afErmed fthat)
hvvaitothe
body
of-himself
could
not
be-able
, ,-^ornamentfor
(use in)
ornament,
and
ortthat
he-said,
|
indeed
to-have-been-adorned
[that his
own person could not bo adorned]
but he-might-think (that) friends (havinff-'beex) handsomely
?since
TiaGLwith-all
,these
(presents),
'adorned
avSpi.(to be)
Kal|
the-groatest
ornament
'to (a)
'man.
And
indeed
tho
to-surpass [the surpassing] the
he should greatly surpass]
^^I
nothing
, , ,.wonderful,
great
(his)
friends (in)
at-least
TO
but
the
to-be-superior [but that he should excel]
in-kind-attention,
and
|
the
' ? ^^[greatly]
[and indeed that
Ttoiovvradoing
good
(is)
he-was also
the-most-able
;
(his)
frienda
to-be-eager
to-gratify
(and oblige),
these,
to-me-at-least,
more
^^time
admirable.
For
Cyrus
^ 7?seemoften
[his eagerness]
to-be
sent
olvov,jars
half-empty
of-wine,
whene'er he-might-receive
(ar.y)
-ery
riSvv,
?.,uid-he meet
onwine
Sr;'long
sweet (and fine-flavoured), saying,
that never-j'et truly 'for (a)
nhiovLwith-finer-flavoured
(than)
this;
BOOKom'
I.
CHAPTERaol,to-you,
IX.
93exTtidvto-drink
-^/to-day
therefore he-sent
Tovtovthis
-^Ssindeed
Often
. ' () ,xal bdtaithis
and he-requests of-you
cvvwith
oig those-whom
he-sent
|
half-eaten
^ .^ , ' , ^ 6 . , ? ^^ ^,andhalvesof-loaves,
xal
aptov, xaland
was-delightedwith-these; therefore
^the
bearer
to-say.
^Otwv
of-these
(same).
Whenever indeed fodder
6'
and
he
was-ablo
^'
other
,such
you-loA'e
most.
geese [parts of geese],
(things),
ordering
(when he presented them)
;
5
Cyrus
ovv
xalalso
he-wishes
you
to-taste
6
was
very
scarce,
Sia
to-procure-it
|
through the
to-have
xal hia
[by having]
many
servants
and through
(his)
gending-it-about
(among)
?^horses|
care,
(his)
friends
he-ordered
(them;
to-throw
//bodies
this
fodder
to-the
carrying
the
of-them [carrying their persons], so-that (the horses)
'may not
'carry
the
friends
of-himself
hungering.
If
b-
xal
indeed
at-any-time he-might procceed (anywhere), and
many
^^^,to-see
might-be-about
(him),
calling-to
(liis)
friends
b-heldearnest-conversation-with-them, that he-might-show (those) wlioni
^.(t'lat)
he-h,>noured.
^no-one
"^,So-thatI-at-Ieast
^'Greeksor
S)vI-hear
from (that) which
judge
/36'either 'of (the)'of (the)
'barbarian
94
'^(is
to-have-been-loved
a)
.^ -,bymore(persons).
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
And
also
proof
of-tbis-same
-better than a)
attempted
ov37
8 7(7 " , , ,to
',Cyrus,;
(thing),
no-one
(the)
king
from
be-boing (as a subject no7t?^yjv
slave
(of the king)
except
^Oroutes
indeed
.thia
deserted
(who)
'
>7truly
'';^!'this (Orontes) speedily
(it);
and
moTOvfaithful
whom
he-thought to-be
^
than to-himself;
but
many
to
Cyrus,
after
they-became
^7. ',olto-himself,
found
him,
more-friendly
to-Cyrus
deserted
from (the)
king
hostile
to-one-another,
xaland VTi by
ovTOLthese
ol
indeed
Ttapaunder
37
.^ . ' '^ . , 3 . ^,^ {, ^him(the king),
(persons)
the-most
beloved
thinking
(that)
being
brave
(men)
Cyrus,
'
to-obtain
more- worthy
honour (and reward)
Ttapafrom
than
(the)
king.
And
also
(that)
happening
to-him
at
the
end
'of (his)
life
(is
a)
great
oTlthat
proof,
aiVoghe
yjv was
thvvaTocould
brave,
and
rightly
judge
(those)
faithful (to him),
and
ivell-disposed,
xalandOL
TapFor
steadfast.
he
dying,
all
nap'with
(his)
friends
and
table-companions
him'
died
lighting
over
Cyrus,
except
Ariscus;
this
(person'
BOOK
I.
CHAPTER
X.
95
indeed
the
,|
sliitiuncd
happened
left,
commanding
the
'[happenedcavalry;
mto be stationed]
'
'^
on
but when he-learned
(of)
Cyrus
having-fallen
hc-lled
TO Tidvthe entire
ovarmy
which he-commanded.
.(the)falls
having
also
(with him)
CHAPTEK
X.
53There71
Syj indeed the
'^ ' ^'8^right
and-also the
.hand.
head
But
',him,
,of-Cyrusking,|
is-cul^off,
and
(those)Cyreao
with
pursuing
on
the
xal
camp
[on the
camp
of Cyrus]
;
and indeed
(those soldiers)
with
Ariicus
no-longer
stand
but
flee
^.throughstation,
the
camp
of-them
[their
camp]
to
the
'
i?JyovTo
whence they-had-started
(last)
;
|
and there-were-said to-be
four
four parasangs distant].
6 ,Ttapaaa^j/atparasangs
66.road
of-the
But
(the)
?.king
[and which was said to be
oland
(those)
with
him
not-only
plunder
the
other
(things,
which were)
?'many,soncubiue
but-also
he-takes
Phociean
(woman),
Kvpovof-Cyrus,
and (who)
was-said
,to-be,
the
9wise
THE ANABASIS OF
?.;.andbeautiful.
But the youoger (concubine) the
. ^,kingto
?.'^escapes|
(woman), haring-been-taken by
naked
[in
her under garments]
*j7JJiviov^ olGreeks,
who
having'
xai
the
baggage-train ;
and having-been-drawn-up-against
7to?.?Mvgthey-kUled
many
, ,oi
(some)ovxnot
xaialso
of-themselves
^, ^(those) about (the)
?.Milesian
the
(those of)
otOjcl arms happened
(to
be stationed) among
(the Persians)
indeed of
Sibut
(those)
plundering,
diedj
at-least
xaibutalso
'flee,
saved
,thisall
;
indeed
they-'did
xai(woman), and
other
(things),
whatever
xalboth
xaiproperty
^There(Greeks)as'ijSri
^'3
and
not-only (the)
were-distant
from-one-another
indeed
conquering
^ ,a>Xr^jsiVpursuingall,
7^men,king,
^,wereabout
within (the lines)
xai
but-also
thirty
'
(those opposed) against themselves,
now
conqueringo-Tt
'^,
perceived,
that (the)
. 7^all.
but the (Persians)
king
might-be among
(their)
avft^-ihn-(ither-h.ind
heard
, ,Butwithbaggage-train,
'
. , ^ ,thestadia,
of-them,
were-saved.
E?J?.vGreeks
the
^'
plundering,
as
"^^.
when indeed
the
Greeks
(his)
8and(the)
?^'^^.^Greeks
army
king
from-Tissaphemes,
that
the
BOOK
I.
CHAPTERxa3'
might-be-conquering the (army) opposed
oLovaLthey-advanceto
(a distance)
the)
king
indeed not-only
?^[collects
together his forces],
Ciearchus
having-called
6?.,consulted(with him),all
69!Greeks
evidently approaching,
, ^Duringthis
should-go [about-helping
' , , ^.^3there
, ^,X.to-them,forward,|
97ocai
and
pursuing,
Sr;
truly
collects
(those) of-himself,
.(then
xai
6
but-ulso
draws-them-up- in-line; but
6
Proxenus,
for
he-was
if
they-should-send
,somethe
the-nearest,
"
(of the troops), or
[to relieve]
()
camp.
(time)
as
it-secmcd
^ ^.also (the)
xal
yjv
king
was
again
from-behind.
And
indeed thu
having-faced-about prepared-themselves,
^ ? , ,7^ ,, .were-advancingand-alsoreceiving
xal
66ovxlead
(him)
king
indeed 'did not
(his troops)
',(their)
as-if (the king)
6
6
in-that (direction); but the
in-that (direction),
8
but (by the way) in-which he-had-passcd beyond
left
xai
wing,
by-the-same (way) also
he-led-back (his forces),
taking-with
xai
(him)
both
(those) in
the
battle,
having-deserted
xaiand
xaiand
to
the
Greeks,
Tissaphernes,
TapFor
(those)
with
him.
'flee
in
the
first
,6encounter,
ovxnot
Tissaphernes
6?charged
'did
but
against
9
98
the
he
8iE?Mvv(uvol
but charging-through (the ranks) 'he indeed
'
but the
,^ ^ ]. , '^ ,'killed
^, ^^GreekGreeks
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
targetiers
along
' 'the(their javelins)
river;
ovhiva.no-one
standing-apart (and making a passage)
struck
xaiand""
*
(them with their swords)
threw
at-thcm;
8
Episthenes
(the)
Amphipolite
commanded
the
tar-
getiers,
mander).
, ^ , ^, ,andwas-saidto-be(a)
xai
prudent (and able com-
'
But
6
ovv,
Tissaphernes
therefore,
as
having
less
|
ovx
[theworst],
was-forced-to-depart,
indeed he-'docs not
'return
6
again,
but having-arrived
at
the
camp
xaiand
of-tbe
Greeks,
there
he-meets-with
(the)
king,
(then) having-drawn-up-their-forces they-marched together back (again).
'
But
against
^^ ' ^ ^ , '.ol
,Greeks,
.wing
hri
yjaavopposite
>Then they-were
the
^?st
8but
yjaavalso they- were
9
102avapujroL'without-dinner;
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.Syj indeed
Ttpivbefore
for
halted
for
dinner
(the)
8 ?^ .the
army
king
appeared-
oight
.Thus
ovvtherefore
hieyhavroindeeddid-thej-pasethat
tyjv
BOOK
. CHAPTER
1.
lOii
,,.IIow
therefore
for-Cyius,
when
' ^CHAPTERtothe
BOOK
II.
I.
ovv
Grecian
(force)
was-collected
^^^,campbrotherdied,
he-led-an-army
xaland
Artascrxes,
xaland how
7\
(a) battle
xaland
^E?^.'vhowthe
-^,went-to-rest,
Greeks
^ , ?3whatwas-done
against
(his)
in
the upward-march,
xal
took-place,
and how
Cyrus
having-come
to
Vixav|
thinking
to-conquer
they were completely victorious],
6^I
has-been-indicated
in
the
^.xaland(that)
Cyrus
,,theall,
,lived, (all this)
ro arpar07t^v
[believing that
preceding
discourse (or book).
Bui
?3 ^, ? , "^rii olat-the-same-time with-tho
day
[at
dawn of day]
the
generals
having-come-together were-surprised,
any-one-else
signifying
did-'he himself
having-packed-up
|,to-march
in
. , ,, '^ ^that
Cyrus 'had neither
'sent
Tt
what
is-necessary
to-do,
nor
'appear.
It-seemed
therefore
(best)
to-thcm
a
xal
what they-had,
and having-armed-thcmselves,
the
forward
[to
advance] until they-formed-a-junction
with-Cyrus.
.
104
THE ANABASIS OF XEXtPHON.
But
8now
being
iii-motion,
,
at-the-same-time
?^rising
6Procles
sun,
came
the governor-of
having-descended from
Glus
/ifr
indeed was-dead,
^. 6
the (son of) Tamos.
.hk
Damaratus
the
Lacedajmonian,
,otlwas,station
^'with-lhe-
Teuthraniu
and
These
informed (them) that
Cyrus
the
?other
riitHey-started on-the
,and(that)
Ariaeus
/^6*barbarians,at
xaiand
day-before,
^^ ,having-fled
with
the
whence
he-said,
'wait-for
them
that-same
,day,
that 'he might indeed
theythe
if
',might-intendto-come,
(for)
ini 'hdvlag,next(day) forIonia,
'^ ", /. ;^$ ?., /^ , , ^ 2.,Oi
The
?^Greelis
generals
hearing
^5whencethese
he-said (he was about) to-depart on-the
?3.xaiand(things),
he-had-come.
other
hearing
(them from the generals)
^'thus
bore-it
grievously.
But
Clearclius
spoke
Would
8
then
indeed (that)
Cj^rus
lived;
but
since
he-has-died,
announce
to-Aria;us,
that
we
are-victorious not-only (over
xaiand
the)
king,
as
^^us
-,,
xai
'battle, but-also if
you-'had not
have-marched against
(the)
. ^^^^?.^'cometo-us,
you-see,
no-one any-longer
,
'offers
'we would
^also
king.
AVe-promise
,Ariiuus,/liin
BOOKe?J^yi he-come
II.
CHAPTER(that
I.
105xol^lCsiv
iv^aSe,here,
if
?^.royal
we
are ready)
to-place
on
the
throne,
the
(throne)
[it
(those) conquering
in-battle
, , ' ,butsuppliod-itself
hk
' , .. , ^messengers,
/,belongs
^^ 5'these
to rule].
Saying
and
with
Mewji^aMenon
and
the
^ ^'ocalalso (to
them)
|
is
the
.j
for
to-rulo
(things)
he-sends-away
the
them
Cheirisophus
Thessalian;
^for'
the Lacedaemonian
indeed
Mcnon
aiVoghimself
desired
(to go);
for
he- was (a) iriend
and
guest
01
of-Ariajus (bound
by the
ties
of hospitality).
(These) thenTothe
departed,
Clearchus
waited
(for them).
But
army
with-food as-well-as they-were-able from
beasts-of-burden, slaughtering
^\
and
advancing
(a)
the
battle
took-place
ovglvbeing
arrows,
,they-got
little
from
, ,(their)
(their)'
oxen
and
asses;
the
army,
wood
(for fuel), not-only
olnumber), whichthe
many
(in
^(to)
where
from-tho
Greeks,
compelled
-
(those)
xatandthe
to-tlirow-away,
wicker-shields (of the Persians), and
shields
the
wooden-ones
,.desertuigthe
from (the)
king
xalthe
Egyptian.
And
also
many
targets
and
ivagons
emptied (of their contents)
were
,106ija^icrvihcy-cat
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
lo-be-carried-ofFj
using
(enough
for)
^that
,all
which, (for)
|
KatAnd
Yivit-
Yihiq
was
now
,. ^-^day.i'uU|
cooking
meat
not-only about
,to be]
market,
[about the middle of the forenoon], but- also there-arrived
, ,barbarian
king
and
Tissaphernes
,heralds,
from (the)
the
others
6who|
\
aiVoii'of-thcm (a)
^^^Greekwith
[being barbarian]
but there-was one
Phalinus
(by name),
happened
being [happened
^^]
Tissaphernes,
and
(who)
holding (him)
honourably ; [and was
'tactics
. ^,highly esteemed by him];
for
he-pretended
to-be
skilled
(in)
the (things) not-only
relative-to
but-also
(in those relative to) fighting-with-heavy-arms.
But
these
(heralds)
xatand
approaching,
calling-to
>7^^,of-thc
the
^,Greeks,
said,
Greeks,
|
since
conquering
, ^(their)
gained the victory], and
,arms,[to the
had-slain
,^ ,that (the)
?^the
generals
king
commanded
he-happens,
[since
he had
Cyrus, (that) having- delivered-up
(and)
going
|
to
'king,
palace of the king],
to-obtain-for-themselves
^3.good
Ihey-can
any-thing
(or favourable).
^ 3the
gates
'of (the)
if
Thus
oi
Mid
the
- , ,BOOKheralds'of (the^
II.
CHAPTERSe'speak;
I.
'king
but the
"^GreeksClearchus
107
indeed
^(with concern), but
heard
(them)
heavily
only
iiTte spoke
so-much,
that it-was not (the part) of
TiapaSi^ovaLto-give-up
(their)
',ovarms';but,
men
generals
^'reply
(those)
conquering
indeed said-he, 'do
you
to-these
(men)
not-only
and
called
(that just)
Then
' , . ^ ^^ ^ '^will-comedirectly.
)
what
you-hold
,him,I,
'.that
(to be)
most-proper
but-also
the-best;
For some-one of-the
attendants
ISoi
he-might-see
the
(entrails of a) victim
had- been- taken-out;
for
"Ei'^a
Sy; indeed
Cleaner
6
',8but
he-happened
(to be)
sacrificing.
the Arcadian, being
the-oldest,
yj
answered
that 'they would
sooner
they-would-deliver-up
,Baid,
''But
(their)
arms;
Phalinus,
king
asks
Siaasgifts
through friendship.
.(for)if
(our)
,^'die
than (that)
6
Proxenus
the
'
Theban
wonder,
whether
(the)
arms
as
conquering
TapForif
indeed
as
why
;,does-it-becometake
8
xaihimto-ask (for them)
and
8having-persuaded
(them)
?
but
(us) he-desires
(them),
let-him-eay,
what
will-be
(]ei'"t)
to-tho
,not
^'conquering,
^,
or
,
coming
to-taka
BoldierS;
108
THE ANABASIS OF'xaY'iuidvrai
if
they-should-gratify
Phaliaus
, 2himsaid,
3.this.
.TlpogTo
rav-tathis
(in)
considers'
(The)
king
(himself) to-be-the-con-
xav,queror, since
;who
',
he-has-slain
Cyrus;
for
who
is-there
against-hlm,
^',disputes
Se?|
xaialso
the
goverument (with him)
and
considers
you
to-be
to-himself
[he moreover considers you as
belonging
,
iv rijto
him
of-himsclf,
[having you in the interior of his kingdom],
/you
impassable
-^this-one
(such a) multitude
,^as captives]|
having (you) in
the
middle
%)if
country
xalandvithin
xaiand
rivers,
being-able
to-lead
against
he-should-allow-it to-you neither would you-be-able
^ ^^of-menTheoponipus (the)as
^il
good
, ,,AfterPhalinus,
now,
you
', , ^(and)so-great (that)to-kill
(them).
Athenian
spoke,
see,
there-is
nothing
else
xaiand
'^courage,
,
we-are-of-the-opinion (that) 'we could
xai(us)
also
(that)
^., ^Ovvcourage.
-.hkbut
(or of value)
to-us,
|
if
not
[unless]
(our)
Therefore
indeed
having
(our)
,arms,(of our)
arms
xaialso
^'^'make-use (would be)
giving-up
-'^to-deprivo
these,
Ovv
-
(of.
our)
bodies.
Therefore 'do
not 'suppose
we-will-give-up
to-you
the
sole
(advantageous)
^good
ovra
^ ^existing
BOOK
II.
CHAPTERthese
I.
109
gvvbutwith
for-us;
'may-fight
for
Phalinus
,and(to)
But
indeed,
,
hearing
?
you-speak
not
, ^, 'the
good-things
those
(things)
. ,(in our
hands) 'we also
oi'-j'ourselves.
But
6
smiled,
and
said:
young-man, you-seem
(to
be like to a)
philosopher,
without-grace ;
|
know
however (you) being
out-of-your-senses,
[be
assured that you are out of your senses],
:u-supposo (that)
your
the
power
'of (the)
.'king.
valour
But they-reported
some
others
apprehcnsi\'e
,said,
(of the generals) having-become-somewhat-timid-and-
as
also
so
'they might
'become
,
they-had-been
faithful
^ ,if
is-to-be-superior
(that)
to-Cyrus,
|
worthy
of-much
'to (the)
king
' ,friend
[of great service to the king]
if
he-desired
to-become
(their)
other
I'gyptj
,said
;^p>7cr3afc
and afterwards he-might-wish to-employ (them) for-any
(purpose), (or
if
)
afterwards
(he were)
'they would
thi
(time)
;^ ,Clearchus
'assist-in-reducing-it
.
came,
and
,inquired.
to-march
.for-him.if
'now
against
During
^dis-
fhey-had-returned-an-answer.
But
Phalinus having-taken-up (the
^.course)
?.,Clearchus,these
say
(one thing),
othere
10
110
(say)
*other
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
8(things);'said
but 'do you
'But
'he [Clearchus]
6
,^I-have-seen you, andfor
xaialso
not-only are
being
ivin
such
., ^^ 'I-thinkall
^E?^.^v,Greek,
. , , * ^,'tell
,us,
ri
what
you-say.
I,
Phalinus,
am-glad
the
others (are so)
you
(a)
but-also
we
(ourselves are)^
so-many
(in
number),
as
you
see;
being then
,
circumstances, 'we (would)
'consult
with-you,
Tt(about)
what
it-is-proper
to-do
concerning (that) which you-announce
Ovv,(from the king).
suit
with-us [give us your advice] what
,
Therefore,
the-most-honourable
honour
onthat
' ^ %?^ ^??. ?, !, . ?.,
and
,thc-bcst,
by
(the) gods,
,xai
|
'do
seems
and which to-you will-bring
in
the
time
to-come, (when)
Phalinus
when, having-becn-sent
'^^Greeks
from
napahovvaLto-give-up
commanding
the
' , ,to-youto-beit-is-related,
you
7^.
'con.
(the)
king,
(their)
arms,
toSe.
counselled
(For)
you-know
03 , ,
them
consulting
(with him) so-and-so.
that
what
'j'ou
may
'have-advised
(of a)
?J7^$the
ordered
Greeks to-place-themsclves
^ ^^and
71
ra^iv(under)
arms
(the)
order
in-which they-had (themselves) when
.was.
the battle
CHAPTERBut what
III
at-the approacli
8indeed
^already
^-, on'wrote,
that (the)
(of the Greeks)
triForon-the
^'precedingto-give-up(the)truce.
Avas
/[((/day
napahihovaL rahc-(irdered
(them)
nt-ti)c-same-timo
'with
^heralds
;f>;pu^agabout(a)
they-went11
to
the
. ^,'But_
^. ,kingevidentby-this
?'(to the
vas-ahrmed
(that follows).
sending
Greeks)
^
(their)
arms,
but afterwards
'rising
sun
^he-sent
enei(those heralds),
when
inquired-for the
outposts,
com.
,,,.122manders.
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.Seol
When
indeed the
?.guardsthenthetill
(at the
Dutposts,
reported-this,
Clearcbus,
happening
Tag
the troops-drawu-up-in-order, told
the
heralds
',When(itself)
he-had-arranged
beautifully
)? ,(being)in-close- order,
",
^to-remainto-be-seen
7
of-the
^ . ^ , ,. , ?3peculiarity
?..great
^^'
KatAnd
vjvalso
'of (its) sweetness.
6
But the palm-tree
whence
^was^
cabbage
may-bave-been-taken,
withered'
entirely.
xaiand
Here
they-remained three
days ;
Tissaphemes
Ttapafrom
xai 6
came
(the)
king,
and the
brother
xaiand
wife
'of (the)
'king,
(also) three
other
Persians,
and
many
slaves
attended.
After indeed the
generals
of-the
Tissaphemes
/,,xaiand
^i7^Xr^vGrecian
,evils,
when
, ^^spokefirst
?
Greeks
went-to-meet
Slthrough (an) interpreter
men,
dwell neighbouring
, * ,them,thus
Greece,
I-saiv
you
having-fallen
into
many
xaiand
df/>7;^aj^a,
inextricably-great (difficulties),
>7^a-piece-of-good-luck
[I considered
\if
I-'were in-any-manner
Ttapafrom(the)
hovvaiking
to-have-given
you
(and restore you)
to
ovxl(that)"it
would
not
'have
^^ . \ ;^[
I-made-it-for-myself
it
a most fortunate
affair
for
mej
'able
to-entreat
(and obtain)
me
(permission)
to-save
Greece,
For
I-think
(itself)
ungrateful
to-me [that there
128
THE ANABASIS OF XEXOPIION.
will
be no want of gratitude towards me] either
/rom
av
all
i-madc-my-requcst
'to
Sixaicdgjustly
'he
7^'announced
might
. ^Greece.(the)'gratify(that)
ovre Ttpogfrom
And knowing
?^,'king,
,me,
(as) that
aiVcjto-him
Ki3po;^Cyrus
xai
^,but-alsoassistance
I-came
at-the-samc-time
(in auxiliary troops),
and
alone
,these(things)
?.(saying
^ ,you,to-hiui,
,
oi
that
re
not-only
first
was-marehing-against
(him),-yv
Avith-the
message
having
of
(those)
"^^^been-drawn-up againstbut
^,chargedin
the
Greeks
(through their ranks), and
king
came
your-own
,'did
not
,
having-
'flee,
xai
joined
camp,
whither (the)
^
(the)
'^,Cyrus,
king
after
he-had-killed
I-piirsued
these
(those)
barbarians
with
Cyrus
(namely)
the-most faithful
me
mc having-gone
,inagainst
^^ , ^3 .KatAndto-him.to-deliberate
.nowto-ask
present
with
,us,
with
8
xai
and
these,
who
are
about
him.
And
^^hkthese(affairs),
indeed 'he [the king]
and
?.commandedto-replyif
'promised
you
by-reason of-That
you-took-the-field
I-counsel
you
,
moderately,
that
it-may-be
easier
for-me,
6 5^3BOOKII.
CHAPTERTt
til.
129
I-am-able
to-effect
any-thing good (or advantageous) for-you
Ttap'ivith
avTov.bim.
ol
?^ * ?., ' ^, ? 77,rated,
,spoke
?.?.Greeks'
' ,and
At
this
the
withdrawing
6'
delibe-
K?JapxogClearchus
?.'
'.:
'gave
(their)
'answer;
(for
them)
We
neither assembled-together for-the-purpose-of
hereafter-iiiakiug-war 'against (the)
'king
nor
^that
indeed
did-ve-set-out
inl
against (the)
king,
but
Cyrus
invented
many
pretexts,
and
as
you
well
know,
not-only
he-might-take
,^ ^^.usthither.
Deing
ratand
on]
,.the
^ ^ ^youunprepared,in
but-also
lead
^danger
",^Now
however
when
we-saw
him
we-were-made-to-be-ashamed
both (before) gods
TtpoSoinuL
'us
neither
^'^former
men
to-have-betrayed
him,
we-allowing
(him)
time
|
to-do
well 'to [to confer faTonrs
hkSince indeed
ourselves.
Cjtus
'contend
'with (the)
'king
is-there
(any thing) on-account-of which 'we might
rrjvto-do
^?,we-wish
harm
(to)
the
country
'of (the)
trould
to-kill
,him,
^ ,;is-dead,for-the
^,'king,
'we
pij,'desire
kingdom,
ovS'noi
h'
but
we would
^ ^ ^130dixaSe,tig
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
-
'proceed
homeward,
if
an j'- one 'would not
'molest
'
us;
ahixovvra'injuring'
'those
however
(us)
we-wil-endeavour
with (the aid of)
the
gods
to-avenge
(ourselves on);
if
however any-one
xaleven
ri^a$,begin
rovrovand-evcn to-tbis-onowe-'wilj
power.
,-^ ^.not'be-inferior
doing
good
to-us,
doing
good
at-least
Thus
indeed 'did
Si 6Uearing(this)
Tissaphcrucs
I
will-announce
'to (the)
,'king,
(Clearchus)said:
6
.'speak.'
to (the best of our)
These (things)
xaland(will bring)
back
Ttap'to-youI
the
(things)
from
, .yjxoL he-cameto-himselfto-save
' . ^maycomewewill-provide
'let
(a)
following-day
he-'did
not
^ ', . 'him;[his answer];
and
until
6
the
truce
'remaiu-in-force,
and
market
(for you.)
And
indeed on
the
3'
'come;
so-that
the
began-to-be-anxious.
rri But on-the
third (day)
coming
,he-said,'be
Greeks
that
Ttapafrom(the)
So^^vaiking
having-obtained
to-be-allowed
?^.?.^,the
Greeks,
although
a-great
^becoming
many
gpcaking-against
(and -opposing
it),
so-that it-'might not
'for (the)
'
king
to-let-go
f^'
igainst
himself.
And
'
(those)
making-war
xal:
in-condusion he-said
and
now
it-is-allowed
BOOK
II.
you
to-take
Ttape^eivivill-be-kept
' ,',^assurances fromus,
^,Greece,
CHAPTER
III.
131
that truly
tlie
country
friendly
to-you,
and without-treachery
hereafter-to-'lead
ryjv
(you) 'back
to
;
(you)
obtaining
(a)
(5'
oTtovwhere (indeed there)
avmay
ri
market
^, 8(for prorisions)
but
be
not (any
thing)
to-purchase
we-will-allow
exthe
necessaries
(of life)
from
^^it-Avill-be-neccssary
for-you
to-swear
. ,youcountry.to-us,
Siaas
through (a) friendly (country) without-doing-harm,
6and
provisions
market
(for
you-purchasing
^,saphcrnes, 'king
seemed (good, and were assented
captains
from
the
phernes
''Greeks.said:
. ^ ^, ? ^ drink,
,if
^ ,to-takethe
'
But on-the-other-hand
truly
to-march
taking
whenever
we-'do not
8
you);
indeed
we-provide
(you a)
will-have
the necessaries-of-life.
, ''provide
(a)
market,
These
(things)
xaiand
xaiand
(Tis-
to),
thej--took-the-oaths,
xai
6
and
the
brother
of-the
wife
'of (the)
gave
(their)
right-hands to-tho
generals
ani
xaiand
of-the
'^.Nowafter
Greeks,
took
(the same)
7,Sittace,
(was)
being-distant from-the
Ovv
ol
'^/Greeks
river
fifteen
nap
stndia.
Therefore indeed the
encamped
near
arT)7r,it,
xal
(and)
close
'to (a)
'large
and beautiful
park
12
J7
ravrathis
6
being
, ^ ^' . ,^^ , , ^ * " ,138
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPIION.
and
68 8oftrees;Tigris;
thick
with-all-kind
but
the
barbarians
having-crossed
the
(river)
they-were not
however
isible.
hk
After
TO
supper
Proxenus
aud
Xenophon
happened
being
in
walking
[happened to be walking] before
rdvthe
xaland
(place)
of-arms;
a
man
approaching
nov
ISoi'see
inquired
of-the
sentinels
where 'he might
Proxenus
ovx
Mewjva,for-Menon,
xaland
or
Clcarchus;
but he-'did not
'inquire
napfrom
being
Ariaeus,
the
guest-friend
of-Menon.
6
on
Then
indeed
Proxenus
said
(that)
I-am
he
whom
],
you-scek
xaland
the
man
(then) spoke
thus:
Ariaeus
Artaozus
TtiaroLfaithful
(friends)
xaiexhort-you
to-be-on-your-guard,'
^,to-Cyrus
kni^dvtaLfall-upon-you in-the
night;
iv
-^to-scndTigris,
,,in
the
neighbouring
^ .and well-disposed toAvards-3OUlest
xal
/?ap6*apotbarbariaua
the
6
for there-is (a)
numerous
army
park.
'They
also
'request-yoa
(a)
guard
to
the
bridge
of-the
river
as
Tissaphernes
'down
in-the
night,
^,he-can,
designed
to-'break
it
if
go-that you-'can
not
BOOKhiaS^Ts,cruss,
but (will be)
^intercepted
. CHAPTERin
IV.
139
roCtheriver
xaiandthe
6.canal.to
middle (space between)
ratirathese
(things)
they- lead
him
xalandtold
a(him)
what
.he-s{iid.
But
and
^ ?Hearing
;^^^>7hearing(this)
xal
'was
greatly
'agitated
.for
Clearchus,
Clearchue
alarmed.
said,
,;thill
But a-certaiu young-man of-those
the
onthat
^.^avif
^r-
^-'^,ovxnotconsistent.
nu;- ..!y the
making-an-attack, but-also the
^)^.!'bridge
were
attacking
(us) it-will-be-necessary either
. 8presentmight-fleej
having-reflected (thereon)
xai
tobreaking
6yj/U>v
For
(it is)
evident
ovvIf
to-be-conquered.
is-the-necessity for-them to-brcak-down the
there-were
many
tieeiug
conquer
'have
1
'will
Icing
ike
'8 ^ /^ ^ ^ .wemight-save(ourselves).
, ^.bridges,
therefore
indeed they-should-conquer, what
,6 ;to-conqueror
bridge?
neither
would
we-have
where
But
if
we
ovj^not
the
bridge
having-been-destroyed, they-'would
otXjol
where
they
|
neither
indeed
[nor]
none
[will
any] (of their friends) on-the-other-side (of the river)
(ever so)
many
'be-able
to- assist
thorn,
bridge
being-destroyed.
140
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPIION.
the
Clearchus
having-lieard
Sethese(things)
asked
Z73^>7the-truth;
Ovxhe-said:
not
(those)
, ^to-speak
therefore,
he-said,
,^?) ,1
52
THE ANABASIS OF XEXOPHON.
who,
7/friendshipexisting
such-great
(inducements) to
yjuagendeavourto-makeus
7?.ini-
to-u8,
calumniating
,^ ^mical(to
one another)
are
(they not)
worthy
^^to-sufifer
tho
;^;captains
KatAnd
extreme
(of punishment)
?
I
indeed at-least
olthe
Tissaphernes,
if
'you as-also
generals
'will
come
to-me
in
(a)
(manner), I-vill-mention
(those)
telling
army
(TV
xai
you are-coDspiring-against me,
And
,I,
and
the
with
said
6
K?Japo,Clearchus,
xaiand7tpi about
av
,
.you.
in-return 'will-declare to-you,
whence
^
will-bring (them)
, , . ,xaiandme,mc.(reports)
said
6
the
public
that
all,
I
hear
hri Afterthese
speeches
6
Tissa-
, 7., ^. .8 ^ ^,Torephernes treating-him-in-a-friendly-and-courteous-manner, then
7.requestedto
not-only
xai
indeed
him
to-remain,
but-also
made-him
(a)
companion-at-supper.
But
on-the following-day
6
Clearchus,
going
the
camp,
was
evidently not-only
thinking
'affected
^^,
(that)
Tissaphernes
was
very
kindly
xai(towards him), but-also
aannounced
what
he
Ttapato-goto
Sad-mentioned; he-said (that) not-only (those) ought
evil-disposed to-the
xal
both (as) forming-a-party against-himself, and (as)
80-that having-secured the
he-might-bo
, ,^^, ^ ^ ^, , ^. ^,BOOKII.
CHAPTER
V.
153
tCdv
'^Greeks,
Tissapherues,
whom
he-called, but-also (those) of-the
ot
av
who might
be-convictcd
(as)
calumniating
(their
countrymen),
npo^oragtraitors
(that)
those
are-to-oe-punished
as
being
and
^,.Greeks.
For
he-suspected (that)
tovthe
xai
was
calumniator,
even having-known
8
Menon
avrovhim
(as)
having-been-with
Tissaphernes
(in
company) with
AriiBUS,
xai
intriguing,
entire
army
for
himself
xaialso
(a)
friend
to-Tissaphernes.
But
archus
wished
(their)
minds
ing
to-be
removed-away.
, ^.totheentirefor
army
to-have
xaiand
him,
(those)
molest-
6
Cle-
But
some
of-the
spoke-in-opposition to-him, [Clearchus], (that)
xaitains
and
should-they-trust Tissaphernes.
(;^)(rehemently
until
%nd twenty
.' ^generals
',
Ttavragall
'should not
,'go, five
the
contendedgenerals
soldiers
cap-
-^(and that) neither
But
Clearchus
he-obtained
indeed
8;
xaialso (some) of-the
captains
-go (nith him)
and
154
other
(>soldiers
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPhON.
as-if (going) to
phcrnes,
,When(these were)
,
.market.
hiaxouLOL
about two-hundred
^raigof
followed
Ss
indeed they- were
olthe
Proxenus
Agias
(the)
, ,, ',at
the
generals
indeed
-^ ,gates
Tissa-
were-invited
within,
(the)
Boeotian,
Menon
(the)
Thessalian,
',-
crates
talgthe
.the
same
but-also
some
^ "of-the
8slave
., , 8Ovhkgates.
. ',(the)signal,
''Arcadian,
Clearchus
6butthe
Achaean;
Not
long
indeed
'
not-only
(those) within
, ^captainsafter,
(the)
Lacedajmonian, (and) So-
remained
at
rovthe
at
were-seized,
ol
(those) withoutcavalry
were-killed.
And
after
this
Sia
'of (the)
^;Greekthe
'barbarians,
plainyj
;
whatever
they-might-meet,
or
freeman
they-killed (them)
.all.
riding
throughyj
either
oi But the
Greeks
riding-about
Tt
what they-were-doing,
' ^, , 'observing
from
of-them 'were not-only 'astonished, but-also
nplvuntil
.jcing-pierced
in
the
^ , ,camp
(this)
xai
doubted
Nicarchus (an) Arcadian came
fleeing,
belly,
|
and
having
the
fi^Tfpa iyintestines
^^^',
in
(his)
hands, [and holding back the intestines with
hu
iiands],
,xaland related
>7
ol
indeed the
. ^^BOOKII.
CHAPTER(that)
V.
155toiyroUponthis
navraall
had-occurred.
Greeks
ran
to
(their)
arms
ali
being-struck
(with consternation),
aiViVa
they
'will
immediately
"'come
xaland
thinking
rbagainst the
Oi
^All
indeed 'did not
Artiiozus
*to-Cyrus;
xaland
8but thethe
he-saw
^interpreter
^^,'go,
^, 8oi
but (only)
^. ^Aria2ussaid (that)
(that)
camp.
and
Tticrorarot.werethe-most-faithful
Mithradates,
who
of-the
brother
of-Tissaphernes
xaland(that)
8he-knew(him);three-hundred
and
to-the-number-of
;3^^.panied-them.
OvToi,These,
when they-were
After
equipped-with-corselets
^,,Greeks
7,
also
with
them,
xalalso
others 'of (the) 'Persians
accom-
eiif
near,
requested,
\
there-were either
^, ^,Greeks,
'
, ,^^ -'(them) to-come-forth,that they-may-deliver-a-message
from (the)
. '^anyking.
general
or
captain
of-the
5this
(the)
generals
of-the
Greeks,
namely
Cleanor
(the)
Orchomenian,
and
Sophaenetus
(the)
Stymphalian,
went-forth
, ^them,that
(and with precaution), Xenophon
(the)
Athenian
(went) also
he-might-learn
(something) about
Ttfpt
8
guarded
with*
Proxenus
156
(Cheirisophus
- ,-, ;^,Tpith|
village
( $ .)'
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
tLvX8
happened
being-absent [was absent] at
others
seeking-for-provisions.)
But
they-stood
Clearchus
'appeared committing-perjury,
has-received
"
,in
hearing
(distance)
Ariaeus
spoke
'whenthustruce,
^^ '^>7,menGreeks,since 'he not-only
indeed,
ragthe
GTtovbcLg
but-also breaking
(bis)
xai
6,plot,
Proxenua
and
are
, .-^ ?^xaiandjust-punishment,died;
^]'the
but
otl
Menon,
because
they-denounced
the
in
great
honour.
And
king
demands
of-you
|
(j'our)
arms;
for
says-he
|
to-be
yjaavof-him[they are his]
because
they-were of-Cyrus
longed to Cyrus]
betraying
^^ ^, , ^ ^?^Cleanor(ncr) (or)this
;the
tov ^ov?^ovslave
(and subject) of-himself.
.:
[because they be-
'^?.Greeks
((for
the
answer
6
/)
*
^1
the
Orchomenian
spoke) (for them)
?^
most-wicked
of-men,
and
^
Arireus,
the
others as-many-as were
fnenda
of-Cyrus,
do-'you not
'respect
(neither)
(either) (the)
gods
ovr
men,
who
having-sworn
to-consider
those
friends
and
enemies
to-us
(to
be the same to you),
us
with
Tissaphernes
the
most-godles
reandalso
avh^ag,very-samo
,,^BOOKII.
CHAPTER
V.
157te
most-crafty,
you-bave-destroyed not-only
men,
fraying
'
|
us
'said
,with
against
us
For
; ^ ;^to->vhom you-swore,but-also
xai
deserting-and-be-
)-
the
the
other
[us,
who
are left]
have-come
(our)
enemies?
But
6
AriiBus
Clearehus
evidently
was
before
76?.}plottiug-against
Tissaphernes
ToZgagainst-usall
with
8'Xenophonspokethus
. , ;^$'Opovrct.Oroutes
xaiand
and
also
these.
After
this
Clearehus
indeed
he-has-broken the
truce
contrary
to
(his)
hixYiv(liis)
just-punishment;'
for
, '^ ,(those) perjuring-themselves;
8
but
since
they-are indeed
your
,it-is-just
^therefore,if
oaths
he-has
to-destroy
Proxenus
and-also
Menon
6andour
benefactors,
8' yaphither jfor
^,clear,
generals,
send
them
oTi,that,
being at-least friends
to-both
to-advise
the
best
both
olAfter
time
with-one-another,
>7 '^this
the
b.arbarians,
^for-you
(it is)
(parties), they-will-endeavour
xaiand
.
for-us.
having-conversed
for-a-long
ovSkv.having-answerednothing.
departed,
14
158
THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON.
I
, ^^,^' ?CHAPTERSyj,
VI.
Ot arparriyoLgenerals
ovrathus
TuE
indeed,
taken
(prisonert\
xai
were-taken-up
to
(the)
king,
and
'having
one
(theiry
beads
of-them
?^ 6?.Clearchus
(those)
to-be
xaiand
as-long-as indeed there-was
against
. .^ ',avrov,havingexperimentally (a knowledge) of-him,|
^to be] (a)
'cut-oflF
died;
indeed
by-general-account
of
all
having-appeared
xal
[seemed
man
both
extremely addicted-to-war
xalalso
Sr;
-fond-of-military (affairs
and
enterprises).
For
truly
-
war
with-the
Lacedaemonians
the
Athenians,
he-remained (with the Lacedaemonians).
But
Avhen
peace
took-place having-persuaded the|
city
avTov
^of-himselfas-well-ash^phori
ol[having persuaded Sparta, his
'^,Greeks,the
were-committing-injuries on-the
on the war)
^ "he-couldhe-sailed
iSvvaTo Ttapafrom
as
about-making-war against-the
xaiand
above (the)
Chersonesus
' ^ ^.xaiandhaving-obtained
city,]
that
the
Thraciane
Ephori
(the
means
to carry
Thracians
ol
Perinthus.
But
when
the
//'',hebeing
'having some-how 'changed-their-minds,
BOOK
II.
CHAPTER
^;
now without (their jurisdiction), they-endeavoured
,for
'back from (the) Isthmus,
'but
^, ^^there
^VI.to-'tura
he-'did not-any-longer
And
in
" ^^ ^, ^. , ,TiTJcivsailing
^'^
fi$to (the)
Caway)
he-proceeded
^avrovhim
159
^,^now
'obey.
Hellespout
Kat
iutobythe magistrates
thiu
he-was-condcmned-to-death
TTi
Sparta,
as
being-disobedient
But being
(an)
xaCandindeed
exile,
he-goes
to
Cyrus,
by-what
'darics.to
discourses
(and means)
he-persuaded
8. ^,in-anotlier-place;
8Cyrustaking
^'gave
Cyrus
and
And who
(this
sum) 'did
idleness,
rovrcdvthis-s