The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st...

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The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Next Chapter 9 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Amid great political and social change, women gain a larger public role and lead the call for reform. President Theodore Roosevelt dubs his reform policies a Square Deal. The Progressive Era

Transcript of The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st...

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

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Chapter9

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Amidgreatpoliticalandsocialchange,womengainalargerpublicroleandleadthecallforreform.PresidentTheodoreRooseveltdubshisreformpoliciesaSquareDeal.

TheProgressiveEra

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

TheProgressiveEra

SECTION1 TheOriginsofProgressivism

SECTION2 WomeninPublicLife

SECTION3 TeddyRoosevelt’sSquareDeal

SECTION4 ProgressivismUnderTaft

SECTION5 Wilson’sNewFreedom

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

Political,economic,andsocialchangeinlate19thcenturyAmericaleadstobroadprogressivereforms.

TheOriginsofProgressivismSection-1

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Chapter9

ConcernsofProgressives• Early1900s,middle-classreformersaddressproblemsof1890s• Differentreformeffortscollectivelycalledprogressivemovement• Reformersaimtorestoreeconomicopportunity,correctinjusticeby:

— protectingsocialwelfare,promotingmoralimprovement— creatingeconomicreform,fosteringefficiency

FourGoalsofProgressivism

TheOriginsofProgressivismSection-1

Continued…

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Chapter9

ProtectingSocialWelfare• SocialGospel,settlementhousesinspireotherreformgroups• FlorenceKelley,politicalactivist,advocateforwomen,children

— helpspasslawprohibitingchildlabor,limitingwomen’shours

PromotingMoralImprovement• Somefeelpoorshouldupliftselvesbyimprovingownbehavior• Prohibition—banningofalcoholicdrinks• Woman’sChristianTemperanceUnionspearheadsprohibitioncrusade

Section-1

FourGoalsofProgressivism{continued}

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Chapter9

CreatingEconomicReform• 1893panicpromptsdoubtsaboutcapitalism;manybecomesocialists• Muckrakers—journalistswhoexposecorruptioninpolitics,business

FosteringEfficiency• Manyuseexperts,sciencetomakesociety,workplacemoreefficient• LouisD.Brandeisusessocialscientists’dataintrial• Scientificmanagement—timeandmotionstudiesappliedtoworkplace• Assemblylinesspeedupproduction,makepeopleworklikemachines

— causehighworkerturnover

Section-1

FourGoalsofProgressivism{continued}

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

ReformingLocalGovernment• Reformerstrytomakegovernmentefficient,responsivetovoters• Somecitiesadoptgovernmentbycommissionofexperts• Manyusecouncil-manager:peopleelectcouncilthatappointsmanager

CleaningUpLocalGovernment

Section-1

ReformMayors• HazenPingree ofDetroittacklestaxes,transitfares,corruption• SocialistTomJohnsonofClevelandfightscorruptutilitycompanies

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Chapter9

ReformGovernors• Governorspushstatestopasslawstoregulatelargebusinesses• RobertM.LaFollette is3-termgovernor,thensenatorofWisconsin

— attacksbigbusiness

ReformattheStateLevel

Section-1

ReformGovernors• Childworkersgetlowerwages,smallhandshandlesmallpartsbetter

— familiesneedchildren’swages• NationalChildLabor Committeegathersevidenceofharshconditions• Labor unionsarguechildren’swageslowerallwages• Groupspressgovernmenttobanchildlabor,cuthours

Continued…

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

EffortstoLimitWorkingHours• Muller v.Oregon—Courtupholdslimitingwomento10-hourworkday• Bunting v.Oregon—upholds10-hourworkdayformen• Reformerswinworkers’compensationforfamiliesofinjured,killed

ReformattheStateLevel{continued}

Section-1

Continued…

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Chapter9

ReformattheStateLevel {continued}

Section-1

ReformingElections• Oregonadoptssecretballot,initiative,referendum,recall• Initiative—billproposedbypeople,notlawmakers,putonballots• Referendum—voters,notlegislature,decideifinitiativebecomeslaw• Recall—votersremoveelectedofficialthroughearlyelection• Primariesallowvoters,notpartymachines,tochoosecandidates

DirectElectionofSenators• SeventeenthAmendment permitspopularelectionofsenators

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Chapter9

Asaresultofsocialandeconomicchange,manywomenenterpubliclifeasworkersandreformers.

WomeninPublicLifeSection-2

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Chapter9

WomenintheWorkForce

ChangingPatternsofLiving• Onlymiddle-,upper-classwomencandevoteselvestohome,family• Poorwomenusuallyhavetoworkforwagesoutsidehome

Section-2

WomeninPublicLife

FarmWomen• OnSouthern,Midwesternfarms,women’srolessameasbefore• Performhouseholdtasks,raiselivestock,helpwithcrops

Continued…

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

WomenintheWorkForce{continued}

ABungledBurglary• After1900,1in5womenholdjobs;25%inmanufacturing• 50%industrialworkersingarmenttrade;earnhalfofmen’swages• Jobsinoffices,stores,classroomsrequirehighschooleducation• Businessschoolstrainbookkeepers,stenographers,typists

Section-2

DomesticWorkers• In1870,70%ofemployedwomendodomesticwork• ManyAfrican-American,immigrantwomendodomesticlabor

— marriedimmigrantstakeinpiecework,boarders

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

WomenLeadReform

WomenGetInvolved• Manyfemaleindustrialworkersseektoreformworkingconditions• Womenformculturalclubs,sometimesbecomereformgroups

Section-2

WomeninHigherEducation• Manywomenactiveinpubliclifehaveattendednewwomen’scolleges• 50%college-educatedwomennevermarry;manyworkonsocialreforms

Continued…

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Chapter9

WomenLeadReform{continued}

WomenandReform• Womenreformerstargetworkplace,housing,education,food,drugs• NationalAssociationofColored Women(NACW)—childcare,education• SusanB.Anthony ofNationalAmericanWomanSuffrageAssoc.(NAWSA)

— worksforwomansuffrage,orrighttovote

Section-2

AThree-PartStrategyforSuffrage• Convincestatelegislaturestogivewomenrighttovote

• Test14thAmendment—statesloserepresentationifdenymenvote• Pushforconstitutionalamendmenttogivewomenthevote

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Chapter9

Aspresident,TheodoreRooseveltworkstogivecitizensaSquareDealthroughprogressivereforms.

TeddyRoosevelt’sSquareDealSection-3

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Chapter9

TeddyRoosevelt’sSquareDealSection-3

ARough-RidingPresident

Roosevelt’sRise• TheodoreRoosevelt hassicklychildhood,drivesselfinathletics• Isambitious,risesthroughNewYorkpoliticstobecomegovernor• NYpoliticalbossescannotcontrolhim,urgerunforvice-president

TheModernPresidency• PresidentMcKinleyshot;Rooseveltbecomespresidentat42• Hisleadership,publicitycampaignshelpcreatemodernpresidency• Supportsfederalgovernmentrolewhenstatesdonotsolveproblems

— SquareDeal—Roosevelt’sprogressivereforms

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Chapter9

UsingFederalPower

Trustbusting• By1900,trustscontrolabout4/5ofU.S.industries• Rooseveltwantstocurbtruststhathurtpublicinterest

— breaksupsometrustsunderShermanAntitrustAc

Section-3

1902CoalStrike• Coalreserveslow;forcesminers,operatorstoacceptarbitration• Setsprincipleoffederalinterventionwhenstrikethreatenspublic

Continued…

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Chapter9

RailroadRegulation• Rooseveltpushesforfederalregulationtocontrolabuses

— ElkinsAct—stopsrebates,suddenratechanges— HepburnAct—limitspasses,ICCtosetmaximumrates

UsingFederalPower{continued}

Section-3

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Chapter9

HealthandtheEnvironment

RegulatingFoodsandDrugs• UptonSinclair’sTheJungle—unsanitaryconditionsinmeatpacking• Rooseveltcommissioninvestigates,backsupSinclair’saccount• RooseveltpushesforMeatInspectionAct:

— dictatessanitaryrequirements— createsfederalmeatinspectionprogram

Section-3

Continued…

PureFoodandDrugAct• Food,drugadvertisementsmakefalseclaims;medicinesoftenunsafe• PureFoodandDrugAct haltssaleofcontaminatedfood,medicine

— requirestruthinlabeling

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Chapter9

HealthandtheEnvironment{continued}

Section-3

ConservationandNaturalResources• 1887,U.S.ForestBureauestablished,manages45millionacres• Privateinterestsexploitnaturalenvironment

ConservationMeasures• Rooseveltsetsasideforestreserves,sanctuaries,nationalparks• Believesconservation partpreservation,partdevelopmentforpublic

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Chapter9

RooseveltandCivilRights

Section-3

CivilRightsattheTurnofthe20thCentury• RooseveltdoesnotsupportcivilrightsforAfricanAmericans• SupportsindividualAfricanAmericansincivilservice

— invitesBookerT.WashingtontoWhiteHouse• NAACP—NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColored People

— goalisfullequalityamongraces• Founded1909byW.E.B.DuBoisandblack,whitereformers

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Chapter9

Taft’sambivalentapproachtoprogressivereformleadstoasplitintheRepublicanPartyandthelossofthepresidencytotheDemocrats.

ProgressivismUnderTaftSection-4

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Chapter9

TaftBecomesPresident

Section-4

ProgressivismunderTaft

TaftStumbles• 1908,RepublicanWilliamHowardTaft winswithRoosevelt’ssupport• Hascautiouslyprogressiveagenda;getslittlecreditforsuccesses• Doesnotusepresidentialbullypulpittoarousepublicopinion

Continued…

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Chapter9

TaftBecomesPresident{continued}

Section-4

ThePayne-AldrichTariff• TaftsignsPayne-AldrichTariff—compromisebill,moderatetariffs• Progressivesangry,thinkheabandonedlowtariffs,progressivism

DisputingPublicLands• ConservationistsangryRichardA.Ballingernamedinteriorsecretary

— Ballingerputsreservedlandsinpublicdomain• Interiorofficialprotestsaction,isfired,writesmagazineexposé• GiffordPinchot headofU.S.ForestService

— testifiesagainstBallinger— isfiredbyTaft

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Chapter9

ProblemswithintheParty• RepublicanssplitoverTaft’ssupportofHouseSpeakerJosephCannon• Cannonweakensprogressiveagenda;progressivesallywithDemocrats• 1910midtermelections,DemocratsgetcontrolofHouse

TheRepublicanPartySplits

Section-4

Continued…

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TheAmericans:Reconstructiontothe21st Century

Chapter9

TheBullMooseParty• 1912convention,Taftpeopleoutmaneuver Roosevelt’sfornomination• ProgressivesformBullMooseParty;nominateRoosevelt,callfor:

— morevoterparticipationingovernment— womansuffrage— labor legislation,businesscontrols

• RunsagainstDemocratWoodrowWilson,reformgovernorofNJ

Section-4

TheRepublicanPartySplits{continued}

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Chapter9

Section-4

DemocratsWinin1912

TheElection• WilsonendorsesprogressiveplatformcalledtheNewFreedom

— wantsstrongerantitrustlaws,bankingreform,lowertariffs— callsallmonopoliesevil

• Rooseveltwantsoversightofbigbusiness;notallmonopoliesbad• SocialistPartycandidateEugeneV.Debswantstoendcapitalism• Wilsonwinsgreatelectoralvictory;getsmajorityinCongress

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Chapter9

WoodrowWilsonestablishesastrongreformagendaasaprogressiveleader.

Wilson’sNewFreedomSection-5

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Chapter9

WilsonWinsFinancialReformsWilson’s Background

Section-5

Wilson’sNewFreedom

Wilson’sBackground• Wilsonwaslawyer,professor,presidentofPrinceton,NJgovernor• Aspresident,focusesontrusts,tariffs,highfinance

Continued…

TwoKeyAntitrustMeasures• ClaytonAntitrustAct stopscompaniesbuyingstocktoformmonopoly• Endsinjunctionsagainststrikersunlessthreatenirreparabledamage• FederalTradeCommission(FTC)—new“watchdog”agency

— investigatesregulatoryviolations— endsunfairbusinesspractices

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Chapter9

Section-5

WilsonWinsFinancialReforms{continued}

ANewTaxSystem• WilsonpushesforUnderwoodActtosubstantiallyreducetariffs• SetsprecedentofgivingStateoftheUnionmessageinperson• Hisuseofbullypulpitleadstopassage

FederalIncomeTax• SixteenthAmendmentlegalizesgraduatedfederalincometax

FederalReserveSystem• FederalReserveSystem—privatebankingsystemunderfederalcontrol• Nationdividedinto12districts;centralbankineachdistrict

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Chapter9

Section-5

WomenWinSuffrage

LocalSuffrageBattles• College-educatedwomenspreadsuffragemessagetoworking-class• Godoor-to-door,taketrolleytours,givespeechesatstops

— someadoptboldtacticsofBritishsuffragists

CattandtheNationalMovement• CarrieChapmanCatt,headofNAWSA,stressesorganization,lobbying• NationalWoman’sPartyaggressivelypressuresforsuffrageamendment• Workofpatrioticwomeninwareffortinfluencespoliticians• 1920NineteenthAmendment grantswomenrighttovote

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Chapter9

Section-5

TheLimitsofProgressivism

WilsonandCivilRights• WilsonandCivilRights• Ascandidate,winssupportofNAACPforfavoring civilrights• Aspresident,opposesantilynching legislation• AppointsfellowwhiteSouthernerstocabinetwhoextendsegregation• NAACPfeelsbetrayed;Wilsonself-defense widensrift

TheTwilightofProgressivism• OutbreakofWorldWarIdistractsAmericans;reformeffortsstall

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Chapter9

Thisistheendofthechapterpresentationoflecturenotes.ClicktheHOME orEXIT button.

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Chapter9

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African-Americans after Reconstruction. Laws limited freedom for African-Americans Literacy testskept blacks and poor Poll taxeswhites from voting Grandfather.

African-Americans after Reconstruction. Laws limited freedom for African-Americans Literacy testskept blacks and poor Poll taxeswhites from voting Grandfather.

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Next Chapter 23 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Latinos, Native Americans,

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Next Chapter 23 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Latinos, Native Americans,

Jim Crow America’s Post-Reconstruction Legacy. “Jim Crow” refers to laws, prejudices, stereotypes, and attitudes in society about African-Americans –Segregation,

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18.3 End of Reconstruction Objective: To understand the reasons that Reconstruction ended and African- Americans lost civil and political rights after.

18.3 End of Reconstruction Objective: To understand the reasons that Reconstruction ended and African- Americans lost civil and political rights after.

The Origins of Progressivism Chapter 9 Section 1 The Americans: Reconstruction through the 20 th Century .

The Origins of Progressivism Chapter 9 Section 1 The Americans: Reconstruction through the 20 th Century .

05 compromises.p3.notebookmsfinneran.weebly.com/.../05-_missouri.compromise.pdf · The Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821 Civil War & Reconstruction Lesson 6 Student Handout As more Americans

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Chapter 6 Section 5. Sharecroppers After Reconstruction, many African Americans were very poor and lived under great hardship. Most were sharecroppers,

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American Society in the Industrial Age. African Americans Post Reconstruction Army removed, Southern states govern to oppress African- Americans –Hall.

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Chapter 1616Chapter 1717Chapter 1818Chapter 1919Chapter 2020 Reconstruction Americans Move West An Industrial Nation The Spirit of Reform America Becomes.

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Evaluate the causes of the end of the Reconstruction Chronicle the effects of the Reconstruction on Southern society and African Americans after 1877.

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Chapter 16 Section 3 The End of Reconstruction Explain why support for Reconstruction declined. Describe how African Americans in the South lost many newly.

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Reconstruction. Reconstruction ► rebuilding after the war, bringing south back into Union, fix their economy, and promote African Americans.

Reconstruction. Reconstruction ► rebuilding after the war, bringing south back into Union, fix their economy, and promote African Americans.

1870-1915. Gilded Age, the period following Reconstruction found some Americans very wealthy. But most Americans suffered low wages and poor working.

1870-1915. Gilded Age, the period following Reconstruction found some Americans very wealthy. But most Americans suffered low wages and poor working.

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Next Chapter 15 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin…

The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Next Chapter 15 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin…

Reconstruction and Westward Expansion Outcome: Conflict with Native Americans.

Reconstruction and Westward Expansion Outcome: Conflict with Native Americans.

Http:// Zoot Suit Riots Primary Content: The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century.

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