The American Revolution - Administrationassistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the...
Transcript of The American Revolution - Administrationassistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the...
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The American Revolution The Ideological, Military and Diplomatic aspects of the fight for Independence
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Standards
• SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American
Revolution.
– c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement
for independence.
• SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic
aspects of the American Revolution.
– a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration
of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and Montesquieu, and the
role of Thomas Jefferson.
– b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign
assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.
– c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a
professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the
significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge.
– d. Explain Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.
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Thomas Paine authors “Common
Sense”
• Published anonymously
January 1776
• At that time, it had the
largest circulation of any
book in Am. History
• “Common Sense”
presented the colonists
with a powerful argument
supporting independence
from Great Britain.
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Intellectual Sources of the
Declaration of Independence
• John Locke (left) and Charles Montesquieu
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John Locke
• Lived in England during the height of the
Enlightenment. (1632-1704)
• Most famous work: Two Treatises of
Government (Social Contract)
• In TToG he describes the state of nature and
argues that all men are created equal by God.
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(Charles) baron of Montesquieu
• Lived in France during Enlightenment
(1689-1755)
• Extremely influential thinker in French
history; his ideas paved the way for
French Revolution
• Most famous for his articulation of a
Separation of Powers theory (executive,
legislative, judicial)
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Thomas Jefferson
• Principal author of the
Declaration of
Independence
• Influence heavily by Locke,
Montesquieu and other
Enlightenment thinkers
• Supporter of separation of
church and state
• Slave owner from Virginia
• Plantation home
(Monticello) on back of US
nickel.
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Preamble to Declaration of
Independence
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
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The French to the Rescue
• After the defeat of the French
in the French/Indian War,
England con’t to fight France in
Europe.
• Most Indian tribes supported
the British cause and were
supplied by England to attack
colonist using guerilla warfare.
• Americans and French vs.
British and Native Americans
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Benjamin Franklin
• Quaker who helped establish PA as a power-house colony
• Noted Inventor (acquired hundreds of patents)
• Kite-flying w/ the Key
• Ambassador to France. Helped organize military assistance. (Model Treaty)
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Look Familiar?
• Eye of Providence
• “The eye of an all-
seeing, omnipotent
God
• Symbol of the
Freemasons in which
Franklin was a
member.
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Marquis de Lafayette
• French general who
assisted America in
the Revolution
– Money, supplies,
troops, naval strength
• Served alongside
General George
Washington
• Influential in the
defeat of Cornwallis
at Yorktown
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Statue of Lafayette in D.C.
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George Washington
• “Father of USA”
• Gained military
experience in the
French/Indian War
• Chosen as
commander in chief
of Continental Army
by 2nd Continental
Congress.
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Life as a Common Soldier
• Life was extremely rough
• Harsh winter conditions
• Very little supplies and
rations
• Army was still in infancy,
not much unity at this time
• Difficult for Washington to
combine state militias into
one unit
• At left, Washington with
troops at Valley Forge, PA
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Crossing the Delaware
• Leutze, 1851. What are the historical inaccuracies in this work?
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Answers
• Washington could not have stood as such because of the harsh winter conditions. He would have fallen in the river.
• The crossing occurred at night.
• Stars and Stripes Flag was not in existence at this time.
• Why do you think these anachronisms are included in the work?
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Washington as a War Hero
• Surprise crossing of the Delaware at night
on Christmas Day took the British by
surprise.
• The crossing of the Delaware showed that
Washington was an able military leader
who could use strategy to successfully
defeat the British.
• Washington was then able to easily take
the British stronghold of Yorktown, all but
securing American victory.
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Seige of Yorktown
• British General Cornwallis surrenders to French and American forces at Yorktown, VA October 1781.
• Fighting ended but war not officially over until Treaty of Paris in September of 1783.
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A gift from France
• Statue of Liberty
• In her hand, the book is
entitled “1776” in Roman
numerals
• Broken chains remain at
her feet
• Ellis Island, New York
City; would welcome
millions of immigrants to
American shores