The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 2006 Sylvia Hurtado & John H. Pryor January 19, 2007...
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Transcript of The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 2006 Sylvia Hurtado & John H. Pryor January 19, 2007...
The American Freshman:National Norms for Fall
2006 Sylvia Hurtado & John H. Pryor
January 19, 2007
Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP)
Higher Education Research Institute (HERI)Graduate School of Education & Information Studies
University of California, Los Angeles
http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/heri/heri.html
CIRP Surveys
Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) established in 1966 at American Council on Education
CIRP transferred to UCLA in 1973 40th Anniversary of CIRP in 2006
Examination of long-term trends in college students
Data used for policy analysis, human resource planning, campus administration, educational research, guidance and counseling
CIRP Surveys
Freshman Survey Your First College Year (YFCY)
End of first year of college College Senior Survey (CSS)
End of college experience
Survey instruments Used in conjunction for longitudinal purposes Revised annually to reflect changing concerns
2006 Freshman Norms
Based on weighted responses of 271,441 students at 393 4-year colleges and universities
88% median institutional participation rate
Data statistically adjusted to reflect responses of 1.3 million first-time, full-time students
Presentation Outline
Political Orientation and Views Attitudes on Social/Political Issues Concerns about College Finances Impact of Finances on College Choice Reliance on Paid Work AP Course-Taking and Exams Civic Commitment and Concerns Pre-College/College Racial Composition
Political Orientation and Views
Increased prevalence of discussing politics in high school
2006 – 33.8 percent (“frequently”) 2004 – 25.5 percent (“frequently”)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006
Political Orientation and Views
Political Orientation 2006Change from
2005
Liberal 28.4%(highest since 1975)
+1.3%
Middle-of-the-Road 43.3%(lowest since 1970)
-1.7%
Conservative 23.9%(highest in history)
+1.3%
Political shift away from center
Political Orientation and Views
Political shift away from center
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Liberal Middle-of-the-Road Conservative
Agree “Strongly or “Somewhat” 2005 2006
The federal government should do more to control the sale of handguns
78.7% 73.8%
There is too much concern in the courts for the rights of criminals
57.9% 55.9%
Same sex couples should have the right to legal marital status
57.9% 61.2%
It is important to have laws prohibiting homosexual relations
27.4% 25.6%
Political Orientation and Views
Shift in attitudes from 2005 to 2006
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Differences in support for gay rights
Attitudes on Gay Rights
83.6%
11.0%
63.0%
22.8%30.4%
48.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Sam-sex couples should have the right tolegal marital status
It is important to have laws prohibitinghomosexual relationships
Perc
ent
"agre
ein
g"
Liberal/ Far Left Middle-of-the-Road Conservative/ Far Right
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Differences in support for legalizing abortion
Abortion Should Be Legal
78.3%
56.3%
31.8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Liberal/Far Left Middle-of-the-Road Conservative/Far Right
Political Orientation
Perc
ent
"agre
ein
g"
Noticeable differences along ideological lines
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Agree “Strongly or “Somewhat” LiberalsConservativ
es
The death penalty should be abolished
48.0% 22.5%
Marijuana should be legalized 52.5% 23.5%
A national health plan is needed to cover everybody’s medical costs
83.9% 57.0%
Affirmative action in college admissions should be abolished
52.7% of conservative freshmen agree “strongly” or “somewhat”
44.6% of liberal freshmen agree “strongly” or “somewhat”
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Modest differences along ideological lines
Agree “Strongly or “Somewhat” LiberalsConservativ
es
Dissent is a critical component of the political process
66.1% 63.2%
Realistically, an individual can do little to bring about major changes in our society
25.3% 26.5%
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Political Orientation
Agree “Strongly or “Somewhat”Liberal/Far Left
Middle-of-the-Road
Conservative/
Far Right
The federal government is not doing enough to control environmental pollution
88.5% 79.3% 62.5%
The federal government should do more to control the sale of handguns
81.8% 74.8% 62.1%
Only volunteers should serve in the armed forces
73.0% 62.1% 53.6%
Wealthy people should pay a larger share of taxes than they do now
71.6% 57.8% 42.2%
Through hard work, everybody can succeed in American society
68.3% 79.9% 85.4%
The chief benefit of a college education is that it increases one's earning power
59.6% 68.8% 70.8%
Attitudes on Social/Political Issues
Political Orientation
Agree “Strongly or “Somewhat”Liberal/Far Left
Middle-of-the-Road
Conservative/
Far Right
There is too much concern in the courts for the rights of criminals
43.2% 58.3% 67.6%
Undocumented immigrants should be denied access to public education
34.0% 47.5% 61.4%
The federal government should raise taxes to reduce the deficit
33.4% 24.2% 23.3%
Colleges have the right to ban extreme speakers from campus
28.5% 40.6% 55.1%
Federal military spending should be increased
18.4% 31.7% 51.4%
Racial discrimination is no longer a problem in America
12.6% 18.7% 27.8%
Civic Commitment and Concerns
Institutional Type
Black Colleges
“Essential” or “Very Important” Objectives
All Baccalaureate Institutions
AllBlack
CollegesPublic Private
Helping others who are in difficulty
66.7% 76.5% 75.0% 79.5%
Becoming a community leader 35.2% 52.7% 49.8% 58.3%
Influencing social values 42.5% 57.7% 56.1% 60.9%
Participating in an organization like the Peace Corps or AmeriCorps/VISTA
11.3% 15.2% 15.3% 15.0%
Concerns about College Finances 2 out of 3 (64.1 percent) students indicate
that they have “some” or “major” concerns regarding their ability to finance the costs of college education
52.5%
11.6%
35.8%
NoneSomeMajor
Concerns about College Finances
23.8%
11.0%
3.2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Less than $50,000 $50,000-$100,000 More than $100,00
“Major” concerns about financing college based on family income
College Choice
2006 – 67.3% attending first choice
Lowest level since 1988 (66.7%)
Students Accepted by First Choice Institution Choosing to Attend Other Institutions
49.8%
39.3%34.6%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2nd Choice 3rd Choice 4th Choice or Lower
Choice of Institution Attended
Perc
ent
Acc
epte
d b
y Fi
rst
Choic
e
Inst
ituti
ons
Top 5 important reasons influencing college choice for students attending first-choice institution
Academic reputation Graduates getting good jobs Visit to campus School size Good social reputation
College Choice and Finances
Impact of Finances on College Choice
Considered cost“very important”
Freshmen attending first-choice institution 29.1%
Freshmen attending second-choice institution
37.4%
Freshmen attending third-choice institution
40.4%
Finances of greater concern for students attending second- and third-choice institutions
Of students who were admitted but did not attend their first-choice institutions…
34.0% could not afford their first choice 20.7% did not receive aid from their first choice
Impact of Finances on College Choice
Impact of Finances on College Choice
Attending
"Very Important" Reason for Attending this College
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
4th Choice
and Lower
This college has a very good academic reputation
63.0 49.9 41.1 30.5
This college's graduates get good jobs
52.7 44.9 39.2 31.3
A visit to campus 43.1 31.2 23.5 18.0
I wanted to go to a school about the size of this college
42.9 33.6 26.0 21.3
This college has a very good reputation for its social activities
35.6 28.0 21.6 15.5
I was offered financial assistance 32.5 37.2 39.6 39.8
This college's graduates gain admission to top graduate/professional schools
31.4 28.4 27.5 23.8
Impact of Finances on College Choice
Attending
"Very Important" Reason for Attending this College
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
4th Choice
and Lower
The cost of attending this college 29.1 37.4 40.4 41.2
I wanted to live near home 19.6 16.7 13.8 12.5
Information from a website 18.1 15.6 13.4 11.0
Rankings in national magazines 17.5 14.4 14.0 12.9
Admitted through Early Action/Decision program
13.4 6.4 5.0 3.7
Could not afford my first choice 3.0 20.4 26.0 28.4
Not offered aid by my first choice 2.3 13.2 18.2 21.4
Reliance on Paid Work
Source of Aid for First Year2006 Change
from 2000
Parents, other relatives, or friends 82.2% -0.3%
Other savings 38.3% +6.3%
Part-time job on campus 29.0% +3.2%
Part-time job off campus 24.3% +2.4%
Full-time job while in college 4.7% +2.0%
AP Course-Taking and Exams
61.6% took at least one AP course 51.0% took at least one AP exam 6.3% went to high schools that did not offer AP
courses
AP Course-Taking and Exams
AP Courses Offered at My High School: None
Took 1 or More AP Courses
Took 1 or More AP Exams
Took 5 or More AP Courses
White 6.2% 61.1% 49.7% 13.9%
Black/African American 7.4% 49.8% 38.6% 7.6%
American Indian 6.5% 62.1% 48.7% 31.7%
Asian American/Pacific Islander
5.8% 73.1% 65.7% 17.8%
Latina/o 5.1% 67.7% 59.4% 13.7%
Other/Unknown 7.4% 58.9% 47.8% 13.0%
TOTAL 6.3% 61.7% 50.9% 14.9%
Pre-College/College Racial Composition
Percentage of White Students in Incoming Freshman Cohort at
Student's Institution
Racial Composition of High School Last Attended
Mean % s.d.
All/mostly non-White 49.0 28.5
Half & Half 63.0 22.8
All/mostly White 72.1 16.9
Racial Composition of Neighborhood Where You Grew Up
All/mostly non-White 48.5 29.3
Half & Half 59.5 24.6
All/mostly White 71.9 16.5
TOTAL 67.0 21.6
Conclusions Increasing student political and civic awareness Colleges can foster democratic citizenship,
greater political and civic awareness. Good news for college classroom and student affairs work
College choice is becoming more complex Attention to financial support for low-income and
middle-class families is essential Given unequal opportunities in access to AP
courses and exams, we need to offer alternative criteria for admissions
Diversity remains a major concern for college educational goals