The American Civil War:The American Civil War:Its Causes, Battles, and Its Causes, Battles, and

ReconstructionReconstruction

GPS SS8H6GPS SS8H6

The student will analyze the The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.Reconstruction on Georgia.

What do you know about the What do you know about the Civil War?Civil War?

Why was it fought? (causes?)Why was it fought? (causes?)

How did it impact our history, How did it impact our history, and how does it still impact us and how does it still impact us

today?today?

The war was fought between the Northern and The war was fought between the Northern and Southern States (who succeeded from the union).Southern States (who succeeded from the union).

It lasted from 1861 to 1865.It lasted from 1861 to 1865.

3 million Americans fought in the war (21. million 3 million Americans fought in the war (21. million on Union side and 900,000 for the Confederacy)on Union side and 900,000 for the Confederacy)

220,000 African-American served on both sides.220,000 African-American served on both sides.

Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during the war.the war.

The first “Modern War” (trench warfare, total war, The first “Modern War” (trench warfare, total war, etc.)etc.)

Consequences of the WarConsequences of the WarThe United States has remained one nation for now The United States has remained one nation for now

over 230 years.over 230 years.The 13The 13thth Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery. Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery.The United States government grew in size and The United States government grew in size and

became stronger over the states.became stronger over the states.Industries of the North expanded and businessmen Industries of the North expanded and businessmen

became wealthier.became wealthier.The West rapidly was settled and tamed. (railroads, The West rapidly was settled and tamed. (railroads,

Indian Wars, etc.)Indian Wars, etc.)Southerners wanted either to create a New South Southerners wanted either to create a New South

or wanted to go back to the “old days.” or wanted to go back to the “old days.” Although slavery was abolished, blacks did not have Although slavery was abolished, blacks did not have

full freedoms (purpose of Civil Rights Movement).full freedoms (purpose of Civil Rights Movement).

Part One: The Causes of the Part One: The Causes of the WarWar

GPS SS8H6 We will explain the GPS SS8H6 We will explain the importance of key issues that led to the importance of key issues that led to the Civil War; including slavery, states’ Civil War; including slavery, states’ rights, nullification, the Missouri rights, nullification, the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott Case. The election Act, the Dred Scott Case. The election of 1860, the debate over secession in of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens.Stephens.

Causes were differences over:Causes were differences over:

SlaverySlavery States Rights and Government’s RoleStates Rights and Government’s Role Western expansionWestern expansion Taxes and TariffsTaxes and Tariffs EconomiesEconomies Social Order and PopulationsSocial Order and Populations Agrarian vs. Urban LifestylesAgrarian vs. Urban Lifestyles

Cause #1Cause #1Slavery in the SouthSlavery in the South

● ● In 1790, only 1,000 bales of cotton In 1790, only 1,000 bales of cotton produced in Georgia—but grew to 700,000 produced in Georgia—but grew to 700,000 bales of cotton in 1860.bales of cotton in 1860.

(just under 4 million throughout the South) (just under 4 million throughout the South) ● ● In 1790, there were only 30,000 slaves in In 1790, there were only 30,000 slaves in

Georgia. Due to the cotton gin and Georgia. Due to the cotton gin and demand for more slave labor, slavery grew demand for more slave labor, slavery grew to 460,000 slaves by 1860.to 460,000 slaves by 1860.

(4 million total in South)(4 million total in South)●●Before Civil War, half of Georgia’s wealth Before Civil War, half of Georgia’s wealth

($400 million) was in slavery.($400 million) was in slavery.

Cotton Production and Slave Population, Cotton Production and Slave Population, 1790-18601790-1860

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

1790 1820 1840 1860

SlavesBales of Cotton

streaming.discoveryeducation.com

Slavery and King Cotton in GeorgiaSlavery and King Cotton in Georgia

Daily Life for SlavesDaily Life for Slaves Housing (p. 228)Housing (p. 228) Clothing (p. 228-29)Clothing (p. 228-29) Food (p. 229)Food (p. 229) Various Jobs (p. 229)Various Jobs (p. 229) Work demands (p. 229-30) Work demands (p. 229-30) Family Life (p. 230)Family Life (p. 230) Religion (p.231)Religion (p.231) Slave Codes (p. 233)Slave Codes (p. 233)

The Underground Railroad RapThe Underground Railroad Rap

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Underground Railroad in GeorgiaUnderground Railroad in Georgia

Timeline on Abolitionists and Timeline on Abolitionists and Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad

1793 Cotton Gin patented by Eli Whitney1793 Cotton Gin patented by Eli Whitney1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins The The

LiberatorLiberator1836 House of Reps passes “gag rule”1836 House of Reps passes “gag rule”1837 American Anti-Slavery Society 1837 American Anti-Slavery Society

formedformed1837 Elijah Lovejoy attacked and killed1837 Elijah Lovejoy attacked and killed1847 Frederick Douglas begins 1847 Frederick Douglas begins The The

North StarNorth Star1849 Harriet Tubman escaped and helps 1849 Harriet Tubman escaped and helps

runaway slavesrunaway slaves

Timeline (cont.)Timeline (cont.)

1850 Fugitive Slave Act (stricter 1850 Fugitive Slave Act (stricter laws against runaway slaves)laws against runaway slaves)

1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Uncle Tom’s CabinTom’s Cabin

1857 Dred Scott Decision by 1857 Dred Scott Decision by Supreme CourtSupreme Court

1859 John Brown’s rebellion1859 John Brown’s rebellion1861 Civil War begins1861 Civil War begins1863 Emancipation Proclamation1863 Emancipation Proclamation1865 131865 13thth Amendment abolishes Amendment abolishes

slavery in the United Statesslavery in the United States

State your opinion!!State your opinion!! Imagine you are an abolitionist (antislavery Imagine you are an abolitionist (antislavery

activist) before the Civil War. Write a letter to the activist) before the Civil War. Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper or to a friend editor of your local newspaper or to a friend and/or family member arguing against slavery. and/or family member arguing against slavery. (One page long)(One page long)

Try incorporating these three points in your letter.Try incorporating these three points in your letter.

a. Slavery is immoral and contradicts the religious a. Slavery is immoral and contradicts the religious principles of our nation.principles of our nation.

b.b. Slavery goes against the democratic ideals of Slavery goes against the democratic ideals of liberty and equality.liberty and equality.

c.c. Slavery will be the cause for our nation dividing Slavery will be the cause for our nation dividing between the North and South.between the North and South.

"We will not resort to "We will not resort to violence. violence. We will not degrade We will not degrade ourselves with hatred. ourselves with hatred. Love will not be returned Love will not be returned with hate." with hate."

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Cause #2 States’ Rights and TariffsCause #2 States’ Rights and Tariffs

*Tariffs helped Northern industries, yet *Tariffs helped Northern industries, yet did little to help the South (they did little to help the South (they preferred foreign goods, cheaper)preferred foreign goods, cheaper)

*1832 South Carolina refused to follow *1832 South Carolina refused to follow the new higher tariffs (“Nullify”) and the new higher tariffs (“Nullify”) and threatened to even succeed from threatened to even succeed from Union.Union.

*President Andrew Jackson calls their *President Andrew Jackson calls their bluff and threatens to use the army.bluff and threatens to use the army.

*South Carolina backed down and *South Carolina backed down and became resentfulbecame resentful

Cause #3 Agrarian vs. IndustryCause #3 Agrarian vs. Industry

North economy based on North economy based on manufacturing industry and manufacturing industry and urbanization, while the South based urbanization, while the South based on farming and rural.on farming and rural.

In 1850, over 600 mills in North but In 1850, over 600 mills in North but only 166 in Southonly 166 in South

Only 10% of nation’s goods Only 10% of nation’s goods manufactured in Southmanufactured in South

Cause #4 Western ExpansionCause #4 Western Expansion South believed that more slaves in west, will South believed that more slaves in west, will

lead to more slave states; more slave states, lead to more slave states; more slave states, then more Southern power in Congress; then more Southern power in Congress; maintain power will protect slavery!!maintain power will protect slavery!!

Most Northerners wanted slavery to NOT Most Northerners wanted slavery to NOT expanded to anymore states or territories expanded to anymore states or territories (also concern for Southerners thirst for (also concern for Southerners thirst for more land—Mexico, Cuba, etc.). Most more land—Mexico, Cuba, etc.). Most believed that slave labor in new territories believed that slave labor in new territories or states will not be good for industry.or states will not be good for industry.

Wanted “free soil” or “free labor”Wanted “free soil” or “free labor”

A. Missouri Compromise A. Missouri Compromise (1820)(1820)