The Aging Journey Chapter 1
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Transcript of The Aging Journey Chapter 1
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The Aging JourneyChapter 1
HPR 452
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Introduction
More over 65 than ever before Healthier, financially secure,
independent Visible, Vocal, Everywhere you go Archaic view of aging still exists –
period of declining and little feeling of hope The future of aging individuals is
viewed as….at best “stability” for as long as possible….at worst “death after confinement in a LTC facility”
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Another more appropriate view
People do not do things in spite of being old. They achieve success because of who they are.
Gerontologists view activities as important for quality of life - replacing what has been lost due to aging, retirement, etc.
This perspective doesn’t recognize the power of leisure activities
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“Ulyssean” McLeish (1976)
Leisure can provide new pathways to growth and development
Individuals dedicated to living No focus on quantity of activities Focus on openness to new ideas
and opportunities Trained professionals assisting older
individuals with leisure enhance quality of life
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Successful Aging
1st of the Baby Boomers have turned 65 # of Americans enrolled in Medicare due
to a disability has decreased from 25%-20% (1984-1999)
(Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics, 2006
Not about what happens to people as they age but what they do while they age
Growth and Development can occur at any age
Not only of interest to TR but all Rec Professionals
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The Aging Journey
“Leisure” and “Aging” – both often misunderstood terms
Leisure = Frivolous Aging = Decline & Loss
Authors perspectives Leisure = Primary realm of behavior
where growth and development may occur
Aging = Natural part of the life cycle accompanied by advantages as well as losses
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Stereotypes of Aging
Social uselessness Life ends at 65 Elderly need things to “fill their
time” and keep them busy until death
What are some others????
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http://www.wimp.com/residentsperform/
http://www.curiositiesbydickens.com/letter-from-a-mother-to-a-daughter/
http://video.staged.com/preacher/getting_old__mary_maxwell
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Reality
No such thing as a typical old person They are all unique individuals just like
unique students They all have different needs and
interests Later life can be an opportunity for
growth, development and happiness Leisure Delivery professionals must
understand the needs and possibilities
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Positive Perspective
The text views aging as a journey or series of journeys and not an arrival or terminal point
Free time after retirement is not a problem but an opportunity
Ulyssean adult is one who continues to seek new opportunities and adventures
Only death can stop it – Process…not a state
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Social Aspects
Changes in social roles Process of socialization – process through which
we absorb values, beliefs and knowledge that guide our behavior as a member of a social group – Lifelong
Assume certain roles – multiple roles No set “norms” for the aging – spent their
lives conforming to social demands (spouse, parent, employee)
Now – What? Why? Result?
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Social Responses
# of aging individuals is increasing Younger individuals will provide
caregiving, leisure service providers, volunteers, policy makers
Attitude is important Stereotypes are a response
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Stereotypes
Two primary dimensions Competence
Independence, skill, ability Warmth
Trustworthiness, sincerity, friendship Elderly are generally viewed as
warm but not competent More examples in book pgs 6-8
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Self-Perception of Aging
Things keep getting worse as I get older
I have as much pep as I did last year As you get older you are less useful I am as happy now as when I was
younger As I get older things are (better,
worse, about the same) as I thought they would be
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Results
“Median survival of those in the more positive self-perceptions of aging group was 7.6 years longer than the median survival of those in the negative aging stereotype group”
Greater impact on survival than gender, socioeconomic status, functional health and loneliness
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Ageism
The ultimate prejudice, the last discrimination, the cruelest rejection…it is the third great “ism” in our society, after racism and sexism. Palmore (2001)
Personal, Institutional, Intentional, Unintentional ageisms – text pg 11
“Police in Norway stopped a 94 y/o runner because they thought she escaped from a Nursing Home” Sports Illustrated (June 16, 2003)
Examples in book pg 12
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Leisure Service Providers
Confront our own perceptions Assist the elderly to overcome their
perceptions Intergenerational activities – Quality
of interaction Accurate knowledge of aging
Forgetfulness/senility - interest in sexuality/dirty old person – time spent alone/isolation and loneliness, etc
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Demography of Aging
Demographics are a composite picture – not about a given individual
A starting point to understand forces resulting in the social phenomenon of aging
General characteristics of the aging population
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Life Expectancy
Overall: 1900 = 47.3 yrs 1996 = 76.1 yrs 2004 = 76.9 yrs 2009 = 78.2 After age 65: (more accurate indicator of later life
longevity) 1900 – 65 + 11.9 yrs = 76.9 1996 – 65 + 17.7 yrs = 82.7 2003 – 65 + 18.4 yrs = 83.4 2009 – 65 + 18.8 yrs = 83.8
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Effects of Gender and Race
Female born in 1997 – L.E. 79.4 yrs Male born in 1997 – L.E. 73.6 yrs Female reach 65 in 2003 +19.8 yrs Male reach 65 in 2003 +16.8 yrs Female reaching 65 = L.E. 85 Male reaching 65 = L.E. 82 2003 at 65 – w/f = 19 b/f = 18 w/m = 17 b/m = 15
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Age Composition
1900 >4% of population 65 or over 2010 – 13.1% (approx 40 mil) 2010 – 2.6 mil celebrated 65th bday
7000/day Annual Net increase in over 65 pop
• 814,000 people • Projection –
• 2020 55 mil over 65• 2030 71.5 mil over 65 (20% of population)
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Oldest Old
85 y/o or older – “oldest old” Fastest growing age group 2005 – 5.1 mil (42 x larger than in
1900) – 14% of elderly population By 2050 – will be 24% of 65 and
older pop – 5% of US pop
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Race and Ethnicity
Approx 15% of white pop 65 or over 8.2% non-Hispanic black 4.9% Hispanic 7.8% American Indians & Native
Alaskans 7.8% Asians and Pacific Islanders
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Older pop among minorities increasing 2010 – 20% of elderly pop in US was other
than non-Hispanic white Will increase to approx 24% by 2020 1999-2030 – over 65 white up 81% Same period – Minority expected up 217% Largest in Hispanic – 322% Asian – 301% African-American – 128%
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Living Arrangements
2010 – Lived with spouse 70% of males 41% of females
2010 -Lived alone 19% of males 37% of females
2011 – 47% of women and 29% of men over 75 lived alone
2009 – 4.1% over 65 lived in LTC 2009 - 13% over 85 lived in LTC
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Gender
# of males per 100 females = sex ratio for total population
2000 – 65 or over ratio = 70 65 – 74 age ratio = 82 85 and over ratio = 41
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Marital Status
2005 72% of noninstitutionalized men
and 42% of women living with spouse 46% of women over 65 were widows 77% of women over 85 were widows
35% of men 85 and over were widowed
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Economic Characteristics
Older pop is poorer than general pop
2005 – 10% household income below $15,000.00
53.9% household income over $35,000.00 Poverty rate among African-Americans
and Hispanics higher than that of whites and Asians
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Employment
2005 – 5.3 mil (15.1%) working or seeking work
1/3 of men 65 or over and 13.5% 70 or older were in labor force
Women – 23.7% 65-69 and 7.1% over 75 were in labor force
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Education
Aging pop is more educated than at any other time
HS diploma – rose from 28% to 74% between 1970-2004
In 2005 at least 19% had Bachelor’s There are racial and ethnic
differences
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Health Characteristics
Older less healthy than younger Over ½ 65 and older reported
disability Leading causes of death among
older individuals – heart disease (31.2%), cancer (21.6%), stroke (7.7%), chronic lower respiratory disease (6%)
Inactivity a major cause
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Baby Boomers
26.8% of Americans 3 mil boomers turned 60 in 2006 By 2030 boomers will be 66-84
(20% of pop) 17% of boomers people of color 1/3 are obese Annual spending power $2 trillion Over 75% expected to work past 65
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So What?
More older people Increasing diversity (racial, ethnic,
financial) Providers must prepare for ageing
of America Don’t lose sight, as providers, on
individual needs Aggregate data provides basis for
policy making
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Conclusion
Maintaining function vs. Personal Growth Model (harmonious with Ulyssean lifestyle)
Aging means they have successfully negotiated at least 65 years of life
Don’t let myths and stereotypes deprive them of needed services and opportunities