THE AGE OF JEFFERSON 1800-1824. Beginnings of Industry Samuel Slater – British – “Slater the...
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Transcript of THE AGE OF JEFFERSON 1800-1824. Beginnings of Industry Samuel Slater – British – “Slater the...
THE AGE OF JEFFERSON 1800-1824
Beginnings of Industry
Samuel Slater – British – “Slater the Trader” – cloth making tech brought to New England.
Eli Whitney – (1793) Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts
Robert Fulton – “Claremont” – 1st Steamship (1807) actually the “North River” sailed on the Hudson R. then called the North River
Industrial Leaders
Slater
Eli Whitney
Robert Fulton
The Virginia The Virginia DynastyDynasty
Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809Thomas Jefferson: 1801-1809 James Madison: 1809-1817James Madison: 1809-1817 James Monroe: 1817-1825James Monroe: 1817-1825
THOMAS JEFFERSONTHOMAS JEFFERSON
Major author of the Declaration of Major author of the Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Opposed FederalistsOpposed Federalists Favored Limited, decentralized Favored Limited, decentralized
Government. LAISSEZ FAIREGovernment. LAISSEZ FAIRE ““The Government which governs The Government which governs
least, governs best”least, governs best” Opposed Hamilton’s Financial PlanOpposed Hamilton’s Financial Plan
FIRST AMERICAN POLITICAL FIRST AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTIES: ELECTION OF 1800PARTIES: ELECTION OF 1800
FederalistsFederalists Strong Central Gov.Strong Central Gov. Loose interpretation Loose interpretation
of the Constitutionof the Constitution National BankNational Bank Industrial, Urban Industrial, Urban
Economy, Big Economy, Big BusinessBusiness
Pro-BritishPro-British Wealthy, Educated Wealthy, Educated
MENMEN
Jeffersonian Jeffersonian RepublicansRepublicans
State’s RightsState’s Rights Strict Strict
Interpretation of Interpretation of the Constitutionthe Constitution
Farming, AgrarianFarming, Agrarian Against TariffsAgainst Tariffs Oppose National Oppose National
BankBank Pro-FrenchPro-French Common ManCommon Man
FEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS “…“…Do not trust the masses…”Do not trust the masses…”
Alexander Hamilton
Jeffersonian Jeffersonian RepublicansRepublicans
““The Government which The Government which governs best governs leastgoverns best governs least””
Jefferson Memorial,
Washington DC
The Jefferson The Jefferson AdministrationAdministration
(1801-1809)(1801-1809) Examples of Limited GovernmentExamples of Limited Government -Reduces Taxes, Army reduced to -Reduces Taxes, Army reduced to
3000 professional soldiers3000 professional soldiers MARBURY VS. MADISONMARBURY VS. MADISON -Case taken to Supreme Court in -Case taken to Supreme Court in
1801. President Adams “Midnight 1801. President Adams “Midnight Judge” Marbury is denied his Judge” Marbury is denied his appointment by the US Supreme appointment by the US Supreme Court.Court.
ESTABLISHES JUDICIAL ESTABLISHES JUDICIAL REVIEW!!!!REVIEW!!!!
Marbury vs. Madison Marbury vs. Madison (1801)(1801)
FOREVER REMEMBERED AS THE FIRST TIME THE JUDICIAL BRANCH EXERTED ITS POWER TO REVIEW A DECISION OF ANOTHER BRANCH.
Equal footing as Legislative and Executive Branch in Checks/Balances Relationship.
1804: Aaron Burr 1804: Aaron Burr kills kills Alexander Alexander HamiltonHamilton
“Aaron Burr is unprincipled both as a public and private man…I feel it a religious duty to oppose his career.”
-A.Hamilton
LOUISIANA LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)PURCHASE (1803)
USA needs to Develop Western FrontierUSA needs to Develop Western Frontier Control the Mississippi River for trade Control the Mississippi River for trade
PurposesPurposes JEFFERSON believes in a Strict JEFFERSON believes in a Strict
Interpretation of the Constitution…IF Interpretation of the Constitution…IF HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE SEEKS LEGISLATIVE APPROVAL, HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO HE WILL LOSE THE ABILITY TO PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM PURCHASE LOUISIANA FROM FRANCE…FRANCE…
What Should he DO???????What Should he DO???????
He purchases He purchases Louisiana From France Louisiana From France for $15 millionfor $15 million Argues for “Implied Argues for “Implied
Powers” even Powers” even though he does not though he does not have the have the Constitutional Constitutional Power to purchase…Power to purchase…
Sounds like a loose Sounds like a loose interpretation, huh? interpretation, huh?
VERY UNLIKE VERY UNLIKE
Jefferson!!Jefferson!!
Lewis and ClarkLewis and Clark 1804-1804-18061806 GOALSGOALS
Find water routes for Find water routes for CommerceCommerce
Establish a claim on Establish a claim on Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory
Create friendly Create friendly relations with Siouxrelations with Sioux
Detailed notes of Detailed notes of plants, animals, plants, animals, IndiansIndians
Water route to PacificWater route to Pacific
Map—Lewis and Clark Map—Lewis and Clark 1804-18061804-1806
Other Key Events of Other Key Events of Jefferson’s PresidencyJefferson’s Presidency
American Sailors being IMPRESSED American Sailors being IMPRESSED (kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels(kidnapped) by British Naval Vessels
USS ChesapeakeUSS Chesapeake (1807) attacked by (1807) attacked by British in search for sailors. 21 killed.British in search for sailors. 21 killed.
EMBARGO OF 1807EMBARGO OF 1807: Jefferson stops : Jefferson stops all trade with European Nations in all trade with European Nations in response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC response. NEEDS TO USE ECONOMIC PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL PRESSURE BECAUSE OUR NAVAL FORCES CANNOT COMPETE.FORCES CANNOT COMPETE.
Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Refuses to pay “tribute” to the Barbary Coast PiratesBarbary Coast Pirates. .
BARBARY COAST BARBARY COAST PIRATESPIRATES
WAR OF 1812WAR OF 1812 CAUSESCAUSES James Madison succeeds JeffersonJames Madison succeeds Jefferson France and England involved in WarFrance and England involved in War 1809: 1809: Non-Intercourse ActNon-Intercourse Act passed. passed.
Opens trade with all ports except Opens trade with all ports except Britain and France.Britain and France.
Some see a chance to gain due to warSome see a chance to gain due to war 1810: 1810: War HawksWar Hawks (Clay, Calhoun) (Clay, Calhoun)
push for war with England to gain push for war with England to gain Canada and annex Spanish West Canada and annex Spanish West FloridaFlorida
War of 1812War of 1812 War Declared June War Declared June
1, 18121, 1812 US Poorly prepared, US Poorly prepared,
Generals OLD, raw Generals OLD, raw militias, small navymilitias, small navy
NO NATIONAL NO NATIONAL BANK TO FINANCEBANK TO FINANCE
New England and New England and NY oppose “Mr. NY oppose “Mr. Madison’s War”Madison’s War”
Major BattlesMajor Battles Battle of York Battle of York
(Toronto) Burned by (Toronto) Burned by USUS
Battle of Lake ErieBattle of Lake Erie Ft. McHenry Ft. McHenry
(National Anthem)(National Anthem) Battle of Battle of
Washington--Burned Washington--Burned by UKby UK
Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)(Andrew Jackson)
Chippawa (Niagara Chippawa (Niagara River)River)
Treaty of Ghent—Treaty of Ghent—December 24December 24thth 1814 1814 War ends in War ends in
Cease-Fire Cease-Fire ((no winnerno winner))
Status Quo Status Quo Ante Bellum Ante Bellum ((pre-war pre-war conditions)conditions)
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
PRESIDENT JAMES PRESIDENT JAMES MONROEMONROE John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams
solves border solves border dispute between US dispute between US and Canadaand Canada
Acquires FloridaAcquires Florida 1823 ISSUES 1823 ISSUES
MONROE MONROE DOCTRINEDOCTRINE
End to European End to European Colonization in the Colonization in the Western Western HemisphereHemisphere..
ProvisionsProvisionsEnds European Colonization in the Western HemisphereNo intervention by Europe in existing nationsUS would not interfere in European affairsBRITISH NAVY WOULD HELP US ENFORCE THIS
“…European influence is Dangerous to our peace and safety…”