The Age of Exploration. Why explore? …Causes Renaissance = discovery and innovation Italians...
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Transcript of The Age of Exploration. Why explore? …Causes Renaissance = discovery and innovation Italians...
![Page 1: The Age of Exploration. Why explore? …Causes Renaissance = discovery and innovation Italians control trade with Asia (via Mediterranean)](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56649ea25503460f94ba683a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Age of Exploration
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Why explore? …Causes Renaissance = discovery and innovation
Italians control trade with Asia (via Mediterranean)
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Causes… Missionaries want to spread their
religion
Others: Fame and Glory, Curiosity
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Why now? Advances in Technology Compass and Astrolabe (from
China)
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TechnologyAdvances in shipbuilding:
Bigger ships withstand bad weather
The Caravel
Rudder
Lateen Sails
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Portuguese:
Henry the Navigator – set up a school to teach navigation/create maps
Goal – find a route
around Africa to India
Vasco Da Gama – Sailed to India
Portugal sets up trade w/ India
Spain and Portugal – first to set sail
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The SpanishColumbus – 1492 travels to
America (Hispaniola)
Amerigo Vespucci – Travels to South America, realizes it’s not Asia
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Balboa – 1513 crosses Panama
first European to see Pacific
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Ferdinand Magellan 1519-1522 - Lead the first
expedition around the world, died on the way
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English
Cabot – 1497 sails to coast of Canada
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Sir Francis Drake – Went around South America, accidentally sailed around the world
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Henry Hudson 1607 -
Searched for Northwest
Passage around North
America
Found NY and Canada
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Colony:
Settlement founded
by a “mother
country,” usually
for profit
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Spanish Colonization Ecomienda system: Settler is given
natives as slaves to work the land, he must teach them Christianity
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Conquistador – Spanish military leaders who fought natives
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Hernan Cortez Conquistador who
conquered the Aztecs
Used Aztec enemies against them
Captured/killed Moctezuma II
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Francisco Pizarro – Conquistador who killed the Incan Emperor and took over Incan empire
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The Spanish held Americas
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Colonization:conquering and
maintaining control of a territory
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Viceroy – Spanish officials in charge of colonial territory
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Economics of Colonialism
Mercantalism = Colonies exsist to make $$$ for mother
country
Spanish colonies mined gold and silver and sent it back to Spain
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Effects of Ecomienda System
Native populations decrease by 90%
Bartolome de Las Casas – suggests using African slaves instead
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Portugal Wants Colonies
Claims South American Territory
Conflict with Spain
Pope steps in (2x)
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Treaty of Tordesillas
West of the line = Spanish
East of the line = Portuguese
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Colony of Brazil – large plantations, worked by Native and later African Slaves
Becomes $$$-maker for Portugal
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French“New France” (aka Canada )
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No gold or silver
But…
Fish + Fur = $$$
So…
No large settlements,
mostly trappers/traders
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Dutch Colony of New Netherland
New Amsterdam
Focused on other colonies
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English Several small colonies, not money makers – at first
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The Columbian Exchange
Contact between Europe and Americas leads to
plants/animals spreading to new locations
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Effects of Columbian Exchange
Positive
New types of food means better nutrition
People live longer
Negative
Diseases also spread
Significant decreases in the native population
(They die, a lot)
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Effects on NativesPopulation
Inca
1492 – 13 million
1600 – 2 million
Native Americans
1492 – 2 million
1900 – 500,000
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So, an alternative source of Slaves is needed
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MercantilismNation’s wealth = Nation’s Strength
Wealth = Gold/Silver
Strength = ability to fund Military
Nations should have complete control of their economy
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Mercantilism
Fixed amount of wealth in the world
2 ways to create wealth:
Colonies
Favorable Balance of trade
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Favorable Balance of Trade:
“Better in than out”
more $$$ coming into country than going out
high tariffs on imports
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Colonies exist to create wealth for mother country
Colonies should not trade with other countries
Colonies should buy
from mother country
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Capitalism
Private ownership of means of production in order to create wealth (profits)
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Joint-Stock Companies
Investors pool money into one larger business
Buy shares, get that share of profits
Risk only money invested
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
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Plantations raise cash crops on a large scale
Need cheap labor
Natives die a lot
African Slaves
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The Triangle Trade
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The Middle Passage
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Effects
15-20 Million Africans enslaved
Western Africa devastated and divided
African Diaspora – diffusion of African Culture around the world
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